SELECT c1, c2 FROM t; SELECT c1, c2 SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
Query data in columns c1, c2 from a table. FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 [ASC][DESC]; INNER JOIN t2 ON condition; Sort the results in ascending or descending order. SELECT * FROM t; Inner join t1 and t2 Query all rows and columns from a table SELECT c1, aggregate(c2) FROM t SELECT c1, c2 FROM t SELECT c1, c2 GROUP BY c1; WHERE condition; FROM t1 Group rows using an aggregate function. Query data and filter rows using a boolean condition: =, <, LEFT JOIN t2 ON condition; <=, >, >=, <>. Left join t1 and t2 SELECT c1, aggregate(c2) FROM t SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1 GROUP BY c1; WHERE c1[NOT] LIKE pattern; SELECT c1, c2 HAVING condition; Query rows using pattern matching. Use with % or _ FROM t1 Filter groups using HAVING operator. RIGHT JOIN t2 ON condition; SELECT c1, c2 FROM t Right join t1 and t2 WHERE c1 [NOT] IN value_list; AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS Filter rows with values equals to those in the value_list. SELECT c1, c2 AVG returns the average of a list SELECT c1, c2 FROM t FROM t1 COUNT returns the number of elements of a list WHERE c1 BETWEEN limit1 AND limit2; FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON condition; SUM returns the total of a list Filter rows with values between the two limits. Full outer join t1 and t2 MAX returns the maximum value in a list SELECT c1, c2 FROM t MIN returns the minimum value in a list SELECT c1, c2 WHERE c1 IS [NOT] NULL; FROM t1 Filter NULL values. CROSS JOIN t2; SELECT DISTINCT c1 FROM t Cross join t1 and t2. Results also called: Cartesian Product. WHERE condition; Returns distinct rows from a table SELECT c1, c2 SELECT c1, c2 FROM t FROM t1 A LIMIT n; INNER JOIN t1 B ON condition; Returns the first n rows. Join t1 to itself using INNER JOIN. Also called: SELF JOIN. SQL Cheatsheet DML - Data Manipulation DDL - Data Definition Language Constraints, Views, Triggers Language CREATE TABLE t ( INSERT INTO t(column_list) CONSTRAINTS DEFINITION id INT PRIMARY KEY, VALUES (value_list); CREATE TABLE t1( c1 VARCHAR NOT NULL, Insert one record into a table. c1 INT PRIMARY KEY, -- primary key constraint c2 INT c2 INT NOT NULL, -- NOT NULL constraint ); INSERT INTO t1(column_list) FOREIGN KEY (c2) REFERENCES t2(c2), -- Foreign Key Createa new table with three columns SELECT column_list c3 INT, FROM t2; UNIQUE(c3), -- UNIQUE constraint DROP TABLE t ; Insert rows from table t2 into table t1. Columns types much CHECK (c3> 0 AND c3 >= c2) -- CHECK constraint Delete table from the database match. ); ALTER TABLE t ADD column; UPDATE t VIEWS Add a new column to the table SET c1= new_value, c2 = new_value CREATE [TEMPORARY] VIEW v(c1,c2) ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME c1 TO c2; /*c3, c4, ... */; AS Rename column c1 to c2 Update values in the column c1 and c2 for all rows. SELECT c1, c2 FROM t; ALTER TABLE t DROP COLUMN c ; UPDATE t Create a new view that consists of two columns from table t. Remove column c from the table SET c1 = new_value, DROP VIEW v; c2 = new_value Delete the view ALTER TABLE t RENAME TO tt ; WHERE condition; Rename a table from t to tt Update values in the column c1, c2 that match the condition TRIGGERS TRUNCATE TABLE t; DELETE FROM t; CREATE [OR ALTER] TRIGGER trigger_name Remove all data in a table Delete all data in a table BEFORE [OR AFTER] EVENT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW [OR STATEMENT] DELETE FROM t EXECUTE stored_procedure; WHERE condition; Create or modify a trigger. Delete rows that match the condition. EVENT values: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE