TUTORIAL

1. Write the differences between 3 reactors: Single CSTR, 3-stages CSTR and Tubular (PFR)
reactor. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for each configuration.

3-STAGES CSTR SINGLE CSTR TUBULAR (PFR)

Basically made up from Made up from only one The design and feature is
several CSTR reactors reactor but the feature is same totally different compared to
according to 3 stages CSTR CSTR.
Contains agitator that act as Contains agitator to mix the No agitator equipped
stirrer to mix the mixture of mixture of NaOH and Ethyl
NaOH and Ethyl acetate acetate solution, but not as
efficient as 3 stages CSTR
Mixing Mixing Not mixing
Has a constant volumetric Has a constant volumetric Has an inconstant volumetric
flow rates flow rates flow rates

3 STAGES CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR

Advantages:-

 Temperature can easily be maintained in each stage because of the operation in stationary
state
 Easy supplication of heat transfer surface
 Greater ability to cope with fluctuating feedstock volume and quality
 Flexible and more compact with greater biological stability

Disadvantages:-

 Depends on the efficiency of all 3 reactors. If one reactor is having any problem, it may
break all the process in CSTR
 High maintenance cost and expensive
SINGLE CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR

Advantages:-

 Easy to clean and maintain

 Good in temperature control
 Low operating cost and fast response to operating conditions
 Cheap and simple to construct

Disadvantages:-

 Lowest conversion per unit volume

 By-passing and channeling possible with poor agitation

PLUG FLOW REACTOR

Advantages:-

 Reduce labor cost because it requires continuous system where solution perfectly mixed
 Has a high conversion per unit volume
 Contains a good heat transfer
 Suitable for use in industry due to the large scale production

Disadvantages:-

 Has a poor temperature control due to continuous system

 Produce an undesired thermal gradients
 The maintenance and cleaning of the reactor are expensive
2. Write a one-paragraph summary of any journal article that studies chemical reaction in a
multiple stages CSTR. The article must have been published within the last 5 years. Explain
on the PFR reactor used in the study and its significance to the study done.