1.

Describe the function of DNA and RNA

-Genetic replication
-Transcription
-Translation

Genetic replication

DNA to DNA.

Transcription

DNA to RNA.

Translation

RNA to protein.
2. Describe the characteristic of DNA and RNA

DNA RNA
Structural Name Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid

Functions Medium of long-term -Transfer the genetic code

storage and transmission of needed for the creation of
genetic information proteins from the nucleus to
the ribosome.

-This process prevents the

DNA from having to leave
the nucleus, so it stays safe.

-Without RNA. Proteins

could never be made

Structure -double stranded molecule -single stranded molecule

- long chain of nucleotides -shorter chain of nucleotide

Bases/Sugars -Long polymer with a -Shorter polymer with a

deoxyribose and phosphate ribose and phosphate
backbones backbone

-4 different bases: Adenine, -4 different bases: Adenine,

guanine, cytosine, thymine guanine, cytosine, uracil
(AGCT) (AGCU)

Base Pairing A-T (Adenine-Thymine) A-U (Adenine-Uracil)

G-C (Guanine-Cytosine) G-C (Guanine-Cytosine)

Stability -Deoxyribose sugar in DNA -Ribose sugar more reactive

is less reactive because of because of C-OH (hydroxyl)
C-H bonds bonds.

-Stable in alkaline -Not stable in alkailine

conditions conditions

-DNA has smaller groove -RNA has larger grooves

where the damaging which makes it easier to be
enzyme can attach which attacked by the enzymes
makes it harder for the
enzyme to attack DNA

Unique Traits -The helix geometry of DNA -The helix geometry of RNA
is of B-form is of A-form.
 -DNA is completely
protected by the body i.e
the body destroys enzyme
that cleave DNA
-DNA can be damaged by
exposure to Ultra-violet
rays.
-RNA strands are continually
made, broken down and
reused
-RNA is more resistant to
damage by Ultra-Violet rays

3. Explain the process of mutation in term of nucleic acid

4. Explain the differentiation of specialized cells and tissue cells

5. Relate the inheritance of genetic traits to the behaviour of chromosome in meiois

6. Summarize the concept of homologus chromosome and genes

7. Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes

8. Relate genotype to phenotype in term of dominance and recessive

9. Describe the inheritance of sex

10. Summarized the characteristic of selected
-Gene diseases
-Chromosal disorder