“A STUDY ON THE ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF

SECOND HAND GOODS AMONG THE CUSTOMER

SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJERI LOCALITY”

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE
(CUCBCSS)
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

Submitted by
AJNAS.T
REG NO: PYAPBCM0110
Under the guidance of
Ms. SILPA.E.K
Assistant professor in commerce department

PRIYADARSHINI ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE

MELMURI
2015-2018
 DECLARATION

I, AJNAS.T hereby declare that the project report entitled “A STUDY ON

THE ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF SECOND HAND GOODS
AMONG THE CUSTOMER SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJERI
LOCALITY” submitted to university of Calicut, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of bachelor of commerce is a record of
original project work done by me under the supervision and guidance of Ms.
SILPA. E K, Assistant professor, Department of Commerce, Priydarshini Arts
& Science College, Melmuri, and it has not formed the basis for the award of
any degree /diploma or other similar title to any candidate in any university.

AJNAS.T

Place:

Date:
CERTIFICATES
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “A STUDY ON THE ONLINE

BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF SECOND HAND GOODS AMONG THE
CUSTOMER SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJERI LOCALITY” is a
bonfide record of work done by AJNAS.T the report is submitted to the
University of Calicut in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE degree course 2015-2018

Prof. ATHIRA
Professor and Head
Department of commerce
Priyadarshini Arts & Science College,Melmuri

Place: Priyadarshini Arts & Science College,Melmuri

Date:
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that AJNAS.T has completed his project work “A STUDY
ON THE ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF SECOND HAND GOODS
AMONG THE CUSTOMER SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJERI
LOCALITY” in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
BACHELOROF COMMERCE under my supervision. She allowed submit
this project work.

Ms. SILPA.E K
Assistant professor
Department of commerce and Management

Place: Priyadarshini Arts & Science College,Melmuri

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank the supreme power, the almighty GOD, for helping me
during this project work with much interest and enthusiasm.

I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to our Prof.

M.SHANTAKUMAR, Principal, Priyadarshini Arts & Science College,
Melmuri.

I have immensely grateful to my guide Ms. SILPA.E K and to all my teachers

for this consistent encouragement and guidance throughout this project period.

I knowledge my sincere gratitude to Prof. ATHIRA, Head of Department of

Commerce, Priyadarshini Arts & Science College, Melmuri for providing me
the necessary advice support required for carrying out of the study.
I express my grateful thanks to those customers corporate with us during the
project period.

I acknowledge you all respondents for this co-operation and willingness.

AJNAS.T

Place:

Date:
 CONTENT

SL.NO NAME OF THE CHAPTER PAGE.NO

1 CHAPTER 1

 INTRODUTION
 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
1-9
 SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM
 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
 CHAPTERRISATION

2 CHAPTER 2

 REVIEW OF LITRETURE
10-14

3 CHAPTER 3

 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
15-34
OF THE STUDY

4 CHAPTER 4
 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTER
35-51
PRETATION
5 CHAPTER5
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION 52-55

6
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 56-61
 APPENDIX
 LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS

SL.NO TABLES AND CHARTS PAGE NO

1 Table and figure showing the percentage of
respondents who have done online shopping of 37
second hand goods.

2 Table and figure showing the gender of people

who making online purchase of second hand 38
good.

3 Table and figure showing age group of

respondents who shops online for second hand 39
goods.

4 Table and figure showing frequency of online 40

shopping of second hand goods.

5 Table and figure showing type of products 41

through second hand goods in online shopping.

6 Table and figure showing amount spent for 42

second hand goods in online shopping.

7 Table and figure showing mode of payment for 43

second hand goods in online shopping.

8 Table and figure showing Time spent second 44

hand goods in online shopping.

9 45
Table and figure showing recommendation of
second hand goods in online shopping.
10 Table and figure showing mostly preferred 46
electronic device used for online shopping of
second hand goods.

11 Table and figure showing originations of idea 47

about online shopping of second hand goods.

12 Table and figure showing the mostly preferred

websites by the customers for second hand 48
goods in online shopping.

13 Table and figure showing peoples reliability on 49

second hand goods in online shopping.

14 Table and figure showing mostly preferred 50

type of buying of second hand goods.

15 Table and figure showing consideration in

feedback second hand goods in online 51
shopping.
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

1
 INTRODUCTION

Internet is changing the way consumers shop and buy goods and services and
has rapidly evolved in to a global phenomenon. It changed the traditional way
of shopping. So now, a consumer can active at virtually any time and place and
can purchase products and services. This research paper is used to analyses and
interprets customer buying behavior of used goods over internet. Second hand
goods involve those goods which are used once. When customer needs to
upgrade to an adverse version of existing goods, they can exchange or sell their
used goods. For this purpose now a day’s internet provides a lot of platforms in
the form of c2c websites.

This study is done in order to get a deep analysis over the customers and
sellers involved online selling and buying of used items including home
appliances, vehicles, mobile phones, books, furniture….. In the present
scenario, there are lots of websites enabling the exchange of used goods like
OLX, DROOM, Quicker, eBay…… And also this project is done in order to
analyse which all websites are used for the purpose of buying, selling and
exchanging the second hand goods and analysing the various categories of
people using online c2c websites and also for analysing what type of goods are
mostly traded over internet.

Online shopping is definitely a great way to shop with everything

available on the websites. From home Appliances, Mobile phones, Books,
Vehicles, and many more, this mode of shopping allows one to shop
conveniently without hassle on spending hours in a supermarket shopping areas.
The internet with its wide area of information nooks, allows the customer to go
through various review of the products or services before actually heading for

2
purchase. The online shopping websites also have daily deals for the customer
looking for discount and store offering.

There are many reasons for such rapid developing of internet shopping,
which mainly due to benefits that internet provides. First of all, the internet
offers different kind of convenience to customers.

Obviously, customers do not need go out looking for product information as the
internet can help them to search from online sites, and it also helps evaluate
between each sites get the cheapest price for purchase. Furthermore, the internet
can enhance consumer use products more efficiently and effectively than other
channels to satisfy their needs.

This is mainly focused on the population who purchase second hand goods over
internet in Manjeri. Now the traditional purchases of second hand goods are
replaced by online purchase of second hand goods. As a result, it reduced the
operational, ordering and processing cost. So this study conducted on buying
behavior of online purchase of second-hand goods in internet.

3
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study is undertaken to know the buying behavior of different categories of

people. Now a day’s every one using internet for their small needs. So it is
better to know whether people are using internet for trading of second hand
goods. Most people preferring internet for this, as it is a convenient mean of
trading. So this project deals with the buying behavior of people through
internet, especially in the used goods. And through this report, it is desirable to
know the reasons of online buying of people.

4
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To study the online buying behaviour of used goods in Manjeri.

 To study the most preferred websites for the trading purpose

of second hand goods.

 To identify the mostly traded used goods over internet.

 To analyses the reasons for using internet for trading purpose.

5
 SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

The study was conducted over a period of 3 weeks entitled “study of buying
behavior of second hand goods in special reference to Manjeri locality”. So
many researchers have been conducted in this topic. This study is conducted to
know the buying behavior of peoples towards second hand goods over internet.
And it is also for conducted to identify the mostly traded second hand goods
over internet and also find out mostly used websites for trading the second
hand good .the scope at the study is limited within the premises at Manjeri area.

6
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Population

The population of the study constitutes the 80 customers in Manjeri locality.

Sample Design

The sample size is fixed as 80. Purposive sampling method is used for selecting
respondents.

Type of Data

Both Primary and Secondary data are used for the study.

Source of Data

The Primary data are collected from online buyers of second hand goods in
Manjeri locality.

The Secondary data are collected from books, Journals and Internet.

Tool for Data Collection

Questionnaire method is used for collecting primary data.

Tool of Analysis

The tool of analysis include Tables, Graphs, Diagrams, Percentage,

Charts….etc.

7
 LIMITATIONSOF THE STUDY

These studies have few limitations:

 People may not responds because their unawareness.

 Collecting information is restricted only to the people who know to

use internet.

 Aged people become bored because of their unfamiliarity with

internet.

 Limitations of websites become limitations of this study.

 Sampling error may occur.

8
 CHAPTERISATION

CHAPTER 1:-

INTRODUCTION

CHAPETR 2:-

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER 3:-

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER 4:-

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER 5:-

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

9
 CHAPTER-2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

10
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter consist of review of literature related with buying behavior of

customer while purchasing the second hand goods through online it reviews
current issues in online buying of second hand goods.

Majority of population today is a user’s of online shopping and after the growth
of E-commerce, now M-commerce is coming in to limelight. Various studies
show that M-commerce has many advantages that make the customer prefer M-
commerce over E-commerce. Consumer behaviour analysis means this study of
individuals groups or organisations in regard to their process of selecting
securing, using and disposing the products, service or a experience to satisfy the
needs and the impact of these process on the consumer and society.

 Liao and Cheung, 2001; saeed et al., 2003;Miyazaki and Fernandez,

2001; Chen and Dubinsky, 2003. Identify pre-purchase intentions of
customers is the key to understand why they ultimately do or do not shop
from the web market. One stream of research under online customer
behaviour consists of studies that handle the variables influencing these
intentions. A completion of some of the determinants the variables
influencing these intentions. A completion of some of the determinants
researchers have examined are: Transaction security, Vendor quality,
Price considerations, Information and service quality, System quality,
Privacy and security risk, Trust, Shopping enjoyment, Valence of online
shopping experience, and perceived product quality.
 Andrews and Currim, 2004. The list of factors having a positive or
negative impact on consumer’s propensity to shop do not seem to be very
different from the consideration encountered in offline environments.
However, the sensitivities individuals display for each variable might

11
 very different in online marketplaces. Factors like price sensitivity,
importance attributed to brands or the choice sets considered in online
and offline environments can be significantly different from each other.
Uncertainties about products and shopping processes, trust worthiness of
the online seller, or the convenience and economic utility they wish to
drive from electronic shopping determine the costs versus the benefits of
this environment for consumers (teo et ai 2004). Further studies aiming
to complete the full set of factors influencing consumers ‘pre purchase
intensions are still much awaited.
 MAYER, 2002; Betts, 2001; Oliver, 1999. Many studies frequently
mention that there is a vast amount of window shopping taking place
online but the number or the rate of suffers who turn into purchasers or
regular BUYERS ARE VERY LOW (MAYER, 2002; Betts, 2001;
Oliver, 1999). The might happen because of the lack of consumer
intention to purchase an offering from the online environment at the
outset. It might also happen because of the various problems that arise
during online shopping driving the consumer to abandon the task in the
middle. Therefore, while one streame of research should identify the
reasons behind the purchase reluctance of consumers, another area of
concentration should be why people abandon their shopping carts and
stop the purchasing process in the middle.
 Mayer, 2002; Chen and He, 2003.Common reason for purchase
reluctance are the difficulties and the costs of distance shipping,
inadequate amount of purchase related information, troubles experienced
after the purchase such as delivery or refund problems, general security
fear, and various preserved risks such as financial, product-related or
psychological risks (Mayer, 2002; Chen and He, 2003). On the other
hand, the reason of abandoning purchases is much more technical such as
unexpected shipping costs or transaction complexity (Harvard Business

12
Review, 2000). In other words, some consumers accept to shop from the
internet in principle but technical complexities or infective systems
discourage them. Regardless of the pessimistic state of events, marketers
should not be hopeless about the future. Once the risks consumers
perceive about shopping through the web are reduced, the environment
still promises a high potential for selected consumers segments. Studies
show that consumers who search for product related information through
the web have stronger intention to make purchases online (shim et al.,
2001). Therefore, building on the information advantage can be
expected to pay off in the future. Constructing effective decision support
systems and assisting consumers with interactive decision tools are also
successful attempts that need to be developed further (O’Keefe and
McEachern, 1998; Barber, 2001). However, investing on the pre-
purchase stages of the decision making process is not adequate.
Developing and testing the effectiveness of specific “selling” strategies
and tactics for the cyber market are also crucial. Studies the focus on
currently unavailable but possible tools of cyber shopping in the future,
such as the use of artificial shopping agents that work on behalf of
consumers in the online market (Redmond, 2002), are also very valuable
efforts enlightening the road for future studies.
Majority of population today is a user’s of online shopping and after the
growth of E-commerce, now M-commerce is coming in to limelight.
Various studies show that M-commerce has many advantages that make
the customer prefer M-commerce over E-commerce. Consumer behavior
analysis means this study of individuals groups or organisations in regard
to their process of selecting securing, using and disposing the products,
service or a experience to satisfy the needs and the impact of these
process on the consumer and society.

13
The invention of internet has changed the idea of the traditional way of
shopping. A customer is no longer bound to opening times or specific
locations of the retails outlets: he can become active at virtually any time
and place and can purchase product and servicers. Internet provides a
medium for communication and information exchange and the number of
internet users are increasing leading to the growth of online shopping
trend. E-commerce is widely considered as the buying and selling of
products over the internet. E-commerce is considered a mass medium
that provides the customers with purchase characteristics like none other
than medium. Contain characteristics make it more convenient for
shopping, like the ability to view and purchase the products any time,
visualise their needs with the products, and direct product with other
customer.

14
 CHAPTER-3
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY

15
ONLINE SHOPPING OF SECOND HAND GOODS IN INDIA

The growth of the internet as a secure shopping channel has developed since
1994, with the first sales of Sting album 'Ten Summoner's Tales' Wine,
chocolates and flowers soon followed and were among the pioneering retail
categories which fueled the growth of online shopping.

The birth and growth of internet has been the biggest event of the
country. E-commerce in India has come a long way from a timid beginning in
the 1999-2000 to a period where one can sell and find all sorts of stuff from a
high end product to a meager peanut online. Slowly the trading of second hand
goods becomes popular. Used good is one that is being purchased by or
otherwise transferred to a second or later end user. With the help of internet now
it can be successfully done through internet. The bodies require a certification
and registration of the sale, to prevent the sale of stolen, unregistered or unsafe
goods.

Researchers found that having products that are appropriate for e-

commerce was a key indicator of Internet success.[3] Many of these products did
well as they are generic products which shoppers didn't need to touch and feel in
order to buy. But also importantly in the early days there were few shoppers
online and they were from a narrow segment: affluent, male, 30+.

Online shopping has come a long way since these early days and
-in the UK- accounts for significant percent’s depending on product category as
percentage Selling and buying used goods is gaining popularity in India with
consumers becoming comfortable with classified business websites such as
OLX, Quikr, and others. Refurbished goods, too, find takers, especially in the
mobile phone segment, with sites such as Value Cart and Prepared.

16
 According to a report by Morgan Stanley, Asia Insight:
Decoding What India Does on the Internet, online shopping of used goods is
gaining traction across all income groups. “Purchasing used products online is
not a phenomenon only for low income groups. Even high income groups have
bought used products online, though they spend more on purchasing new
products,” it said.

17
How to Buy and Sell second-hand Goods Over Internet
 How to buy

Classified business websites such as OLX and Quikr follow the customer-to-
customer (C2C) model. Products uploaded by a seller are often rated with one to
five stars, one being the lowest, based on information and pictures provided by
the seller. But the best way to get a good deal is to interact with the seller, and
get as much information as one can before buying.

“Start by asking the seller basic questions about the model, make, age, and
features of the product. After that ask about how the item was used, why it is
being sold, and maintenance history, among other things,” said Amarjit Singh
Batra, chief executive officer, OLX India Pvt. Ltd. “This will give your insight
into the history of the item, and a better idea of whether the item is being sold at
a just price. It is always advisable to check out different ads for the same item
before deciding,” he added.

On a classifieds business website that works on a C2C model, the quality and
pricing of the product completely depends on the seller, and the buyer’s
decision to buy is solely based on her interaction and exchange with the seller.
However, an online portal that sells refurbished or pre-owned products, buys
returned items from online, or users; gets them checked by its quality team;
packs them properly; puts its own warranty or gets one from that particular
brand; and then sells it as “good as new”.

While in a C2C site, the buyer and seller decide everything, in a refurbished
goods website, it is the portal that sets the price. They check the condition and
keep the product stocked with us until sold. They research the price, list the
product and maintain transparency. If, despite all this, the buyer is not satisfied,
they offer immediate 100% refund.

18
Compare prices of the product—with the market price, and on the same site.
Some websites offer tools to compare prices. One such is maximum selling
price (MSP) calculator on Quikr, which helps consumers arrive at a reasonably
accurate value

 How to sell

For getting the best value for your used product online, advertise with correct
information. When pricing your product, remember to keep additional costs,
such as delivery, in mind. Advertisements with pictures receive 50% more
responses. Post relevant photos and give an accurate description for the best
response Another reason for giving adequate information is so that fraudulent
ads can be spotted, which are then deleted and, if needed, the user is blocked
from accessing the site,

If you don’t get quick responses to an ad you placed, first, re-examine the price
you are seeking. To get a good idea of how one should price a product, consider
the market price of the item, and depreciate the value by taking into account
age, maintenance, and other relevant parameters for the product category. Also
check how much other sellers for same or similar products are asking for. Going
significantly above that range may not work.

Kolkata-based operations professional KajalBarik, 35, finds selling things

online easy. She has even sold a 1 bedroom-hall-kitchen apartment on OLX,
within a week of posting the ad at a gain of about 50%. She even managed to
save a lot of money for herself and the buyer as no dealer was involved.

The next step is to re-check the photos that you have posted. Put up genuine,
original, and clear photographs, taken from different angles. Avoid using stock
photos. Ads with genuine photos get a better response. The third step is to revise

19
the description and ad title. The more accurate the description, the faster the
item is likely to sell.

ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE SHOPPING OF

SECOND HAND GOODS

Online shopping of second-hand goods has become a popular shopping method

ever since the internet has declared a takeover. There are many individuals they
are looking for other amazing alternative shopping and online shopping is just
the fix for that.

There are many advantages of online shopping of second hand goods; these are
the reasons why online stores are a booming business today. They are listed
below:

1. More Affordable: when we shop through thrift stores, yard sales

and other second hand venues your money stretches much farther. On
average used products are generally 50% cheaper allowing us to save
money for other important expenditure.

2. It’s Easier to spot Quality: since most of the merchandise you come
across has already been broken in, you can see what has quality and
what does not. Practical and affordable.

3. IT’S Green: Buying used goods cuts down on manufacturing

demands and keeps more items out of the land fill! Because a large
amount of man made goods are routinely thrown away, re-using gives

20
 a longer life to common household items another family could use,
saving the Earth in effect.

4. Inspire to Recycle: The flow of second hand giving goes both ways.
Items or cloths you no longer use, you can donate back to a local
consignment shop and offer up goods another may be searching for.
The act of recycling not only enables us to feel good about our
actions but, again keeps money in the local economy and supports the
green living movements.

5. Service exceeds: while this can’t be assumed for every second hand
shop, garage sale, or flea market, the atmosphere. Interaction is much
more please and due to the slower flow of shoppers, service is readily
available if you should need help.

6. Brand Names: If you’re an individual who worships the tag, you’re

likely to find many recycled, brand names clothes available. It’s a
great way to suit your stylish needs while saving a bundle and helping
the environment.

7. New Merchandise Arrives Daily: consignment shops receive

donations daily, so the hunt for that unique item is always new and
fresh. If they don’t have what you’re looking for, chances are in a
couple of days it might be present.
8. Used products don’t require new resources: Every manufactured
products is responsible for a certain amount of recourses consumed-
21
 from farming cotton, clear cutting forests, mining for metals, or
pumping out oil the production of new books and furniture require
trees to be cut down (95% of books are made from virgin paper).
Anything made of plastic is produced from oil pumped from the
earth. The metals in cell phones, jewellery, computers, all must be
scraped out of the planet, with horrible environmental consequences.
Luckily, there’s an alternatives-used items don’t require any new
resources to be consumed.

9. Used products don’t generate pollution: the growing and producing

of stuff pumps a lot of pollution into the environment including toxic
chemicals, pesticides, and carbon emissions. For example, new cotton
t-shirt is responsible for 1/3pound of pesticides dumped into the
cotton field. A new mind-sized car is responsible for 30000 pounds of
carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere.

10.Used products don’t require energy to create: the farming,

harvesting, manufacturing, and shipping of a new product requires
quite a bit of energy from electricity (usually from natural gas or
coal) and from oil (from running the vehicles used in farming,
harvesting, shipping) this is called “embodied energy “used goods
don’t require any energy, except perhaps the gas required for you to
drive over to the guy from craigslist’s house. The folks at riot 4
austerity, who sponsor 90% energy and consumption reduction
challenge, deem used goods to “count” as only 10% of their purchase
price, and even better donated goods from charity stores count as only
0%.

22
11.Used products don’t have packaging: when you buy almost any
new product, it comes with some kind of packaging- plastic hard
casing, shrink wrap, cardboard box, Styrofoam, pellets, etc.The
packaging materials use energy and resources to create. It can be
really difficult to find a way to recycle all that packaging, or even
more annoying, to have to throw it away. When you buy used from
your local thrift shop, craigslist, or get a hand-me down from a friend,
you don’t have any packaging to deal with.
12.buying used supports good cause sand the local economy: buying
from a neighbour keeps your money in the neighbourhood, not
headed off to Wal-Mart headquarters. Buying from thrift supports
whatever causes them support-literacy, the disabled, the stick, the
blind, the poor. Most used stores, even if they are on the internet, are
small mom-and-shops, not corporate behemoths. And if you buy it
used, you are quite likely keeping it from rotting in a keeping it from
rotting in a landfill.
13.buying used lets you avoid trying to figure out all the mumbo-
jumbo green washing claims: Now that green is fashionable, you
can buy $290 organic, fair-trade, natural, recycled everything-for
price. But is it really organic? Who says? By what standard? Is there
even a standard? Oh, really it’s recycled? But what percentage, is that
just the package or also the product, is it post- industrial, and it is also
recyclable? What it made with sodium laureate sulphate, parables or
phthalates? It’s enough to make you tear your hair out trying to
research how to buy every item greenly. Fuggedaboutit – buy used.
That way, you definitely won’t be a corporate patsy.

23
 DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE SHOPPING OF SECOND
HANDGOODS

If there are advantages, most likely there will be disadvantages. Despite

the success of purchasing through online shopping stores, there is still some
disadvantage that most people complain about. They are below:-

1. It won’t work for long :One must ask themselves, when considering
purchasing used gadgets, why the person or place is selling this older
items to begin with. If it was such a great item wouldn’t the owner still be
using it? Some people get rid of items when they have started showing
signs of problems. so the owner decides they need a new one and put the
old one on sales. This general thinking is a limitation of the purchase of
second hand goods.

2. Repairs :So you decide that buying second hand gadgets is the way to go
and end up having to have one repaired. Actually it might not end up
being such a cheap way to get gadgets by the time you pay that repair bill.
Worst case scenario is that the gadget you have either will cost an arm
and a leg to have fixed or is so outdated that no one is willing to work on
it and you are left with a paper weight.

3. The hassle: when you buy second hand goods, you know you will have
to put up with your friends and family laughing at you for not having the
latest and greatest things like they have. If you are one of those people
who do not care about keeping up with everyone else, then that is a good
thing. Although you may still have to deal with the hassle of your older
goods not being compatible with your friend’s goods.

24
4. Personally check the item :If you are one of those shoppers who want to
touch, see, and test the product personally at online shopping , you are
not able to do so. Online stores are only showing product description and
photos of the products, which can be disadvantages for many online
shoppers.

5. Delay :The main disadvantage of online shopping is, you cannot receive
the product immediately. You have to wait until the product arrives.
Sometime it is better to have an item instantly than keep waiting for it for
many days. I would prefer to buy an item instantly if the delivery is too
long.

6. Inferior product: You don’t know the actual quality of the product.
Sometimes the description of the product might be different than the
actual product. As a result you might end up with inferior quality
products.

7. Shipping charge :Shipping charge and shipping delay are one of the
main problem of online shopping. Items are generally cheaper in online
web store. But sometimes his addition of shipping charge makes the price
similar or more expensive than your nearby local store.

8. Scam: As online shopping become very common the number of online

scams and fraud is also increasing. This way a buyer should always buy

25
 from trusted websites only because trusted websites would take care of
any fraud to maintain their reputation.

INDUSTRY PROFILE

INTERNET

In a relative short period of time, the internet has had an amazing impact on
almost every facet of our lives. With it, we are able to access to new ideas, more
information, unlimited possibilities and a whole new world of communities. It
has grown and evolved to influence how we interact, how we conduct business,
how we learn, and how we proceed day to day. And as much as it has changed
our lives, in the process, the internet itself has changed to.

The history of internet begins with the development of

electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of packet
networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United
States, United Kingdom, and France. The US Department of Defence awarded
contracts as early as the 1960s for packet network systems, including the
development of the ARPANET. The first message was sent over the ARPANET
from computer science Professor Leonard Klein rock’s laboratory at University of
California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford
Research Institute (SRI).

26
Packet switching networks such as ARPANET, NPL
network, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in
the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of communications
protocols. Donald Davies first designed a packet-switched network at
the National Physics Laboratory in the UK, which became a test bed for UK
research for almost two decades. The ARPANET project led to the development
of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could be
joined into a network of networks.

Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science
Foundation (NSF) funded the Computer Science Network (CSNET). In 1982,
the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was introduced as the standard networking
protocol on the ARPANET. In the early 1980s the NSF funded the
establishment for national supercomputing centers at several universities, and
provided interconnectivity in 1986 with the NSFNET project, which also
created network access to the supercomputer sites in the United States from
research and education organizations. Commercial Internet service
providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the very late 1980s. The ARPANET was
decommissioned in 1990. Limited private connections to parts of the Internet by
officially commercial entities emerged in several American cities by late 1989
and 1990, and the NSFNET was decommissioned in 1995, removing the last
restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.

In the 1980s, research at CERN in Switzerland by British computer

scientist Tim Berners-Lee resulted in the World Wide Web, linking hypertext
documents into an information system, accessible from any node on the
network. Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on
culture, commerce, and technology, including the rise of near-instant
communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, voice over Internet
Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls, two-way interactive video calls, and the World

27
Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online
shopping sites. The research and education community continues to develop and
use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network
Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail. Increasing amounts of
data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks
operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet's takeover of the global
communication landscape was almost instant in historical terms: it only
communicated 1% of the information flowing through two-
way telecommunications networks in the year 1993, already 51% by 2000, and
more than 97% of the telecommunicated information by 2007. Today the
Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online
information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking.

28
 COMPANY PROFILE

SECOND HAND GOODS IN ONLINE SHOPPING SITES:

1. OLX: It is quite active classified ads site with a maximum number of

sellers and buyers from India. Maybe the TV commercials are the reason
of its popularity but experience says, it’s quite good in their business. Submit
ads for free and without creating an account. If you want to buy something,
here you will find interesting items, cheaper than in the store.
The OLX marketplace facilitates buying and selling services and goods such as
electronics, furniture, household goods, cars and bikes. Payments between buyer
and seller are made offline, so OLX does not have to deal with varying payment
infrastructure Availability in each of its markets.

2. Quikr: It is other classified ads site highly promoted on televisions. Owing

to the popularity, it has a vast product range and alternatives of same products
for Buyer. The seller can post an ad for free while upgrade plans for premium
ads vary according to the product sold. One thing must be noted that Shipping
has to be done by the seller and no site takes responsibility of that.
Buyer should try to buy things from a seller from their city itself as far as
possible to avoid scam. And Payment should be made in hand on receiving the

29
product. One problem common with all of these sites except eBay is Spam.
They should allow anonymous posting and make Mobile and Email verification
mandatory. Also, posting a picture with a minimum amount of words in the
description should be a requirement for publishing product listing.

3. eBay: eBay doesn’t need any introduction as an online marketplace.

Treasure is a part of eBay dedicated to selling used items and second-hand
things online. Here, Treasure is referred to anything unused at your home which
could bring some cash on selling.

For Sellers, you can create a shop inside eBay to list all your items or sell an
item as a non-shop subscriber. Minimal insertion fee is charged while listing
any item depending upon the category of product.

4. Koove: Koove is an app to buy and sell used goods, or second-hand products
in a fun-trusted social platform. They promote trust by ensuring safety, for
example, Real User Profiles, Moderated Community, Chat, Social, Comments,
etc. Koove is different from usual used goods classifieds platforms like OLX,
Quikr, etc. It is a place to reduce wastage and save money in a virtual flea
market experience.

30
It’s not just about buying and selling stuff, people can use Koove to browse
through products, comment, engage and connect with others with similar
interest around used goods exchange. It is a social experience similar to window
shopping.

KOOVS.COM is an online store for western fashion, catering to menswear,

women swear, footwear accessories, jewellery and beauty products. The
company is headquartered in Gurgaon, with office in London, and serves to the
Indian market. The website stocks Indian and international brands and its own
range of clothing and accessories. KOOVS.COM has also collaborated with
international designers to create clothing collections.

5. List Up: List Up connects people staying nearby to buy and sell used goods
efficiently and safely; for FREE. You can discover the listing of products posted
by your neighbors and friends; to shop. Post Ads for all the unused items that
you have at home; for selling. You will find Apparels, Books, Bikes, Car Home
appliances, Mobile Phones, Musical-instruments, Toys and much more on List
Up; except contrabands.

31
There is an option to chat and bargain enhances the communication between
both buyers and sellers. You can get whatever you are looking for at a lower
price than on any pre-loved online platform.

6. Tradly: Tradly is a social marketplace app to buy, sell, donate and swap with
your local. Tradly is also the place where people can CONNECT with nearby
locals, discover pre-loved items, and trade with them. The unique thing about
Tradly is its safe and fun environment with contents driven by the local
community who are safe to connect and trade.

The Tradly have commonly searched under the names Tradly, Tradely, Tradly
social market, Tradly buy, Trade India and relevant terms such as shop, snap
sell and social. Trade books, textbooks, music instruments, Gaming consoles,
Gadgets, Sports items, fitness, etc.

32
7. Zefo: Zefo, an early stage ecommerce startup committed to giving buyers
and sellers an absolute hassle free used goods shopping experience. They have
personally experienced the pain of buying and selling a whole bunch of
furniture in the last couple of years and decided to do something about it. Quite
counter-intuitively, they decided to take all of that pain and load it all on
themselves, to ensure that each of you gets the most convenient and Zero Effort
experience while trying to buy and sell.

8. Maxdeal: Maxdeal is one of the India’s largest e-commerce marketplaces.

Maxdeal provides a platform for vendors across the country to connect with
millions of customers. The platform has the widest assortment of products from
thousands of national, international and regional brands across diverse
categories like Mobiles, Laptops, Cameras, Appliances, Women’s Apparel,
Men’s Apparel, Watches, Home & Kitchen, Automotive, Health, Books. Grab
your favorite products at best prices and save the one thing that matters most to
you i.e. Your Money.
Maxdeal has a network of more than 50000 Merchants/Brands, and has over 20
million members and caters to the shopping needs of customers across many
towns and cities.

33
9. spoyl:With Spoyl you can connect with the top fashion community of India
and swap your closets; time to say goodbye to your once precious outfits and
say hello to a new wardrobe. Get your worth off those old outfits by selling
items that you no longer use from your closet! Being in fashion has never been
more profitable or responsible! No more old styles sitting in the back of your
closet anymore.

Call your BFFs over, uncork a bottle of wine, and start shopping from a curated
list of Spoyl-approved styles featuring top brands at up to 80% OFF retail. The
experience just gets better with unmissable discounts, access to more fashion
blogger’s closets and more exclusive content at Spoylr’s Journal.

Buyer should try to buy things from a seller from their city itself as far as
possible to avoid scam. And Payment should be made in hand on receiving the
product.

34
 CHAPTER-4
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION

35
COREELATION

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND USERS OF E-TICKETING

SERVICE

AGE USERS OF E-
X TICKETING
Y
15-20 25
CORRELATION
20-25 35
25-45 20

X= AGE

Y=USERS OF E-TICKETING\

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT=

Here r= 0.69

36
Table 1

Table and figure showing the percentage of respondents who have done
online shopping in second hand goods.

criteria No. of respondents percentage

Yes 60 75

No 20 25

Figure 1

yes no

INTERPRETATION:

Out of 80 respondents 60 are done the online shopping of second hand goods
and only the remaining 20 are not aware and done this. So we can conclude that
majority are done online shopping of second hand goods.

37
Table 2

Table and figure showing the gender of people who making online
purchase of second hand goods

Criteria No. of respondents Percentage

Male 60 75

Female 20 25

Figure 2

MALE
FEMAIL

INTERPRETATION:

Out of 80 online second hand goods users 20 female (25%)are only using online
second hand goods purchase and balance people are males i.e. 60(75%).most of
online purchase of second hand goods customers males

38
Table 3

Table and figure showing age group of respondents who shops online for
second hand goods:

Criteria No. of respondents Percentage

15-20 25 31

20-25 35 44

25 and above 20 25

Figure 3

ABOVE 25
AGE GROUP

20-25

15-20

0 10 20 30 40

INTERPRETATION:

People who are in age group between 20 -25 make more online purchases than
other group of people. It shows that after the age above 25, the No .of online
second hand goods shoppers’ trend to decrease.

39
Table 4

Table and figure showing period of second hand goods in online shopping:

Category No .of respondents percentage

Weekly 11 18.33

Monthly 14 23.33

Yearly 35 58.34

Figure 4

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
WEEKLY MONTHLY YEARLY

INTERPRETATION:

The most shoppers are making shopping in yearly. The shoppers are less
making shopping through online second hand goods of weekly.

40
Table 5

Table and figure showing kinds of products through second hand goods in
online:

Criteria No .of respondent Percentage

Home appliances 8 13.34

Vehicles 7 11.66

Mobile phones 32 53.34

Books 6 10

Others 7 11.66

Figure 5

OTHERS HOME
9% APPLIANCES
BOOKS 14%
10%
VEHICLES
12%

MOBILE PH
55%

INTERPRETATION:

The most of online shoppers are shop mobile phones through internet. 55%of
people are use internet to purchase second-hand goods of mobile phone.

41
Table 6

Table and figure showing amount spent for second hand goods in online
purchasing

Criteria No. of respondent Percentage

Below 1000 15 25

1000-100000 45 75

Above 100000 0 0

Figure 6

ABOVE100000

1000-100000 45

BELLOW1000 15

0 10 20 30 40 50

INTERPRETATION:

Most of second hand goods in online shoppers are (75%) purchase the product
for more than Rs 1000-100000.and only 25% second hand goods in online
shoppers are making shopping bellow Rs 1000.

42
Table 7

Table and figure showing mode payment for second hand goods in online
purchasing.

Criteria No. of respondent Percentage

Cash on delivery 43 71.67

Card payment 17 28.33

E-wallet 0 0

Figure 7

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
CASH ON CARD PAYMENT E-WALLET
DELIVARY
MODE OF PAYMENT

INTERPRETATION:

Majority online shoppers prefer cash on delivery. And 28.33% second hand
goods in online shoppers prefer card payment system.

43
Table 8

Table and figure showing time for making second hand goods in online
purchase

Criteria No. of respondent Percentage

Less than one hour 49 82

One hour 5 8

More than one hour 6 10

Figure 8

60

50 49

40

30

20

10
5 6
0
<1 HOUR >1 HOUR 1 HOUR

INTERPRETATION:

The most second hand goods in online shoppers are selecting their product
within one hour and make decision about it. And only 10% people are select
product by using more than one hour.

44
Table 9

Table and figure showing Recommendation of second hand goods in online

shopping:

Criteria No. of respondent percentage

Yes 53 88

No 7 12

Figure 9

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
YES NO

INTERPRETATION:

The most second hand goods in online shoppers are recommended to their
relatives and friends to make online purchasing. It means they are satisfied with
online purchasing.

45
Table 10

Table and figure showing mostly preferred electronic device used for
online shopping of second hand goods

Criteria No. of respondents Percentage

Computer 29 48

I-pad 6 10

Mobile phones 25 42

Figure 10

30

25

20

15 Series1

10

0
computer i-pad mobile phone

INTERPRETATION:

The most people preferred electronic device used for online shopping of second
hand goods are computer and mobile phone. only 10% people preferred
electronic device of i-pad.

46
Table 11

Table and figure showing the originations of idea about online shopping of
second hand goods.

Criteria No. of respondents Percentage

Friends 34 57

Relatives 11 18

Self 15 25

Other 0 0

Figure 11

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
FRIENDS RELATIVES SELF OTHERS

INTERPRETATION:

Most people got the information to use online purchasing through their friends
and self. Only 18% people got information relatives.

47
Table 12

Table and figure showing the mostly preferred websites by the customers

Criteria No. of respondents Percentage

OLX 33 55
Quicker 6 10
Droom 3 5
E- bay 14 23
Others 4 7

Figure12

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
OLX QUICKER DROOM E-BAY.COM OTHERS

INTERPRETATION:

From this chart we can interpret that 55% are mostly preferred OLX and e-bay
23%, 10%are using quicker, 5%are droom and 7% are using others, so OLX and
E-bay are most popular websites

48
Table 13

Table and figure showing peoples reliability on second hand goods in on

line purchase.

Criteria No. of respondents Percentage

Very reliable 11 18
Reliable 11 18
Unreliable 38 64

Figure 13

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
VERY RELIABLE RELIABLE UNRELIABLE

INTERPRETATION:

This chart shows that 64% are saying this online purchase of second hand
goods is not reliable and others are saying it is reliable. So according to this
study the online purchase of second hand goods is less reliable.

49
Table 14

Table and figure showing mostly preferred type of second hand goods in
online shopping

Criteria No. of respondents Percentage

Online shopping 36 60

Traditional shopping 24 40

Figure 14

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
ONLINE SHOPPING TREDITIONAL SHOPPING

INTERPRETATION:

Majority shoppers prefer of online shopping (60%). and 40% shoppers prefer
traditional shopping.

50
Table 15

Table and figure showing consideration in feedback

Criteria No. Of respondents percentage

Yes 15 25

No 45 75

Figure 15

YES
NO

INTERPRETATION:

This chart shows that considerations of peoples feedback by the online websites.
Here only 25% are saying these websites are considering them feedback and
75% are saying not. So majority says that websites are not considering their
feedback properly.

51
 CHAPTER-5
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND
CONCLUSION

52
 FINDINGS

 75% of people are doing online purchase of second hand goods.

 75% of males are using online facility for purchasing second hand goods.
Only 25% females are doing this
 Computers are the mostly traded second hand goods over internet.
 57% of people get idea of online shopping and second hand goods from
their friends.
 Mostly preferred websites by the uses are OLX and secondly E-buy.com.
 Commonly used mode of payment is ‘cash on delivery’.
 60% still prefer online shopping instead of traditional shopping.
 88% recommend this online facility at buying and selling to their friends
and relatives.
 About 53.34% are using mobile phones for making online purchase.
 64% people are agreeing that online websites are unreliable.
 75% are saying that the feedback provided by them is not properly
considered by the websites.

53
 SUGGESIONS

 In order to increase the number of users more awareness related

advertisements have to be released in this area.

 Web security should be ensured enabling a smooth online shopping.

 Online retailers must try to ensure the quality of products provided.

 Online retailers should focus on faster delivery of products.

 For ensuring its affordability by the lower income group, reduce the
delivery charge as far as possible.

54
 CONCLUSIONS

This research shows that online shopping is having a very bright future in
Manjeri area. With use of internet, consumer can shop anywhere, anything and
anytime easy and safe payment option, consumer can do comparison shopping
between product as well as, online store. This study is mainly focus on the
factors from the internet and examines those factors that affect the consumer’s
online shopping behaviour. The research focus on the internet shopping of
second hand goods (advantages and disadvantages of second hand goods, how
to buy and how to sell second goods). The online retailers have to attract
customers at the same time and provide right product or services to fit customer
needs.

From this study I understood that the mobile phones are mostly traded second
hand goods over the websites and the commonly used websites in Manjeri
locality is OLX for purchase of second hand goods. But I understood that a big
percentage of people still have no idea about online shopping of second hand
goods. And there is also some frauds faced by the users while doing online
shopping. So for the great acceptance by the public, it is necessary to remove
these demerits and it is sure that the online purchase of second hand is on its
developing stage.

55
BIBLIOGRAPHY

56
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Abdul-Ghani, e, hyde, k. f., & Marshall, r. (2011).emic and etic

interpretations of engagement with a consumer-to-consumer online
auction site journal of business research, 64(10), 1060-60

 http;//ezineartcle.com/?online-consumer-behaviour

 india’s used goods market to cross Rs 150000 crore by 2015: assocham.

NDTV.Retrived from htto://profit.ndv.com/news/industries/article-indias-
used-goods-market-to cross-rs-1-15-000-crore-by-2015 assocham-37795

 IMRB. (2014) consumer research on used goods and selling trends.IMRB

AND OLX

 Online sales of used goods up 3-fold last year: last year: survey.(2015
February 24). The times of India. Retrieved from http//online-sales-of-
used-goods-up-3-fold-last-year-survey/articleshow/46350138.cms

 Anderson, S. P., & Ginsburgh, V. A. (1994). Price discrimination via

second-hand markets.European Economic Review, 38(1), 23-44.

 Gentile, C., Spiller, N., & Noci, G. (2007). How to sustain the customer
experience: Anoverview of experience components that co-create value
with the customer. European

Management Journal, 25(5), 395-410.

57
APPENDIX

58
 QUESTIONAIRE
“A STUDY ON THE ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF SECOND
HAND GOODS AMONG THE CUSTOMERS SPECIAL REFERENCE
TO MANJERI LOCALITY”

Dear sir/ madam

I am studying B.com course in Priyadarshini Arts & Science College, Melmuri. As a
part of curriculum I am required to do a project work. I will be pleased if you could
kindly spare few minutes for filling up this questionnaire whatever information
provided by you will be kept confidential and used for the purpose of study.

1. Name:

2. Gender: Male Female

3. Age: 15-20 20-25 25and above

4. Educational qualification:
Under graduate graduate post graduate other

5. Which type of shopping is mostly preferred by you?

Online shopping traditional shopping

6. Are you aware about online trading of second hand goods?

Yes No

7. Are you courageous to purchase second hand goods over internet

Yes No

8. Are you made online purchase of any second hand goods?

Yes No

59
9. How many times you have used this facility in a year?
Once less than 10 times more than 10 times

10.What kind of product purchased through internet?

Home appliance vehicles mobile phones
books others

11.From where you got idea about online trading of second hand goods?
Friends relatives self other

12. Which of this website are mostly preferred by you?

OLX Quicker Droom E-bay.com
Others

13.Mention your mode of payment of online purchasing ?

Cash on delivery card payment E-wallet

14. How frequently you make online purchase of second hand goods ?
Weekly monthly yearly

15. How much times you spend for online purchase

Less than one hour one hour more than one hour

16.How much amount did you spend for online purchase?

Below 1000 1000-10000 above 100000

17.Which electronic device you are using for making online purchase?
Computer I-pad mobile phone

18.Are you satisfied with the online purchase of second hand goods?
Satisfied neutral extremely satisfied
Dissatisfied

19.How reliable online purchase of second hand goods?

Very reliable reliable unreliable
20.Does online website provide the scope for feedback?
Yes No

60
21. Do you think the feedback receives proper consideration?
Yes No

22. Have you experienced any internet fraud?

Yes No
a) How often to do you experience internet fraud?
Always Often Sometimes Never

23. What is the security problem faced in online purchase of Second-Hand

Goods?
Identity Theft Privacy Problem Guessing password
Hacking

24. Have you faced any problem in the delivery of goods purchased?
Yes No

If Yes, Specify…………………………………………………………

61