​VISITOR COUNTER

Submitted for Workshop Training

Bachelor of Technology

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Chandigarh Engineering College
Landran, Mohali
Affiliated to IKGPTU, Jalandhar
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We feel great pleasure to acknowledge all those involved in the process of our education
and research. In the first place we would like to record our deep and sincere gratitude to our in
charge, Mrs.Shalley Bakshi for her supervision, advice, guidance, and crucial contribution,
which made her a backbone of this project. Her understanding, encouraging and personal
guidance have provided a good basis for the present project. Her involvement with her
originality has triggered and nourished our intellectual maturity that we will benefit from, for
a long time to come. We wish to express our gratitude towards our all teachers, who helped
us throughout our course work. We extend our acknowledgement to our lab mates, lab staff,
who are directly or indirectly involved in carrying out the project work.

Place: Landran, Mohali Vishal Kaushik (1703198)

INDEX

S. No. Topics
1. Introduction

2. Block Diagram

3. List of Components used

4. Circuit Diagram

5. Working

6. Applications

7. Future Scope

8. Bibliography
INTRODUCTION

This is a project on​ s​ imple ​counter circuit that counts the number of visitors entering or exiting an
auditorium or any other place where you have installed this circuit at the gates. On receiving an
interrupt from light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensors, the counter circuit increments the count and
shows it on a 7-segment display.

With these units installed at the entrance and exit gates, you can calculate the number of visitors
present in the room by subtracting the count at the exit gate from the count at the entrance gate.
The system should be installed on a door such that only one person can cross through at a time,
interrupting the light falling on the LDR sensor.

Visitor counter ​is based on popularly known ​4026 decade counter and divider
IC​ with 7 segment displays to display the number of visitors. In this circuit we are using LDR as a
sensor for sensing the visitors with few more components. CD4033 is a Johnson counter IC
commonly used in digital display. It contains 5 stage Johnson decade counter with decoder which
converts the Johnson code to 7 segment decoded output. It means it will convert the input into
numeric display which can be seen on 7 segment display or with the help of LED's. It can be used
for displaying analogue value, such as temperature with pic- microcontroller, and can be used for
counting objects. In this, counter will advance on receiving a high at its clock pin (pin 1).

LDR is a device whose sensitivity depends upon the intensity of light falling on it. The resistance
of LDR decreases when intensity of light falling on it increases and vice versa (resistance increases
when intensity of light falling on it decreases). In dark or absence of light, LDR exhibits a
resistance in the range of mega ohms which decreases too few hundred ohms in presence of bright
light.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig.1: Visitor Counter Circuit

CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig. 2: An actual-size, single-side PCB for the visitor counter

Fig.3:​ Component layout for the PCB

CIRCUIT WORKING

The resistance of LDR1 decreases when the intensity of light falling on it increases and vice versa.
In dark or absence of light, the LDR exhibits a resistance in the range of mega-ohms, which
decreases to a few hundred ohms in presence of bright light.

In this circuit, the amount of light falling on LDR1 decreases as a person crosses the entrance/exit
gate and his shadow falls on LDR1. Consequently, the resistance of LDR1 increases to provide a
clock pulse to pin 1 of IC1 through transistor T1. During this time, LED1 stops glowing
momentarily, indicating that someone is entering or exiting the hall.

IC1 consists of a Johnson decade counter and an output decoder that converts the Johnson code
into a 7-segment decoded output for driving one stage in a numerical display. When it receives a
clock at pin 1, it advances the count on display DIS1 by ‘one.’ Similarly, the count on the display
advances by ‘one’ with each person entering through the gate. When the count reaches ‘9,’ one
cycle completes.
APPLICATIONS

Visitor counter is a simple counter circuit that counts the number of visitors entering or exiting an
auditorium or any other place where you have installed this circuit at the gates. On receiving an
interrupt from light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensors, the counter circuit increments the count and
shows it on a 7-segment display.

With these units installed at the entrance and exit gates, you can calculate the number of visitors
present in the room by subtracting the count at the exit gate from the count at the entrance gate.
The system should be installed on a door such that only one person can cross through at a time,
interrupting the light falling on the LDR sensor.
FUTURE SCOPE

This project can be enhanced in such a way as to count number of persons entering or exiting a
room, hall or auditorium with the addition of a microcontroller. This will made the simple visitor
counter a bidirectional visitor counter, which gives the display in both the conditions that is they
give output when a person enters or exit a room. .

➢ This can be used as an advance attendance system

➢ This can be made more helpful with increase the sensitivity of sensors. So that there will
be no confusion in output.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. www.scribd.com

2. www.electronicschematics.in

3. www.circuiteasy.com

4. www.kpsec.com

5. www.buildcircuit.com

6. www.electronicsforu.com