TUGAS 3 PERPINDAHAN PANAS (DOUBLE PIPE

EXCHANGERS)

HADI IKRIMA
1707165700

6.1. What is the fouling factor when (a) UC = 30 and UD = 20, (b) UC = 60 and UD
= 50, and (c) UC = 110 and UD = 100 ? Which do you consider reasonable to
specify between two moderately clean streams ?

Penyelesaian :
1 1 1 1
(a) RD = − = 20 − = 0,01667 (hr)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
𝑈𝐷 𝑈𝐶 30

1 1 1 1
(b) RD = − = 50 − = 0,00333 (hr)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
𝑈𝐷 𝑈𝐶 60

1 1 1 1
(c) RD = − = 100 − = 0,000909 (hr)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
𝑈𝐷 𝑈𝐶 110

Kondisi (c) dengan besar UC = 110 and UD = 100 layak dipertimbangkan karena
memiliki nilai fouling factor RD terkecil.

6.3. O-xylene coming from storage at 100 oF is to be heated to 150 oF by cooling

18.000 lb/hr of butyl alcohol from 170 to 140 oF. Available for the purpose are
five 20-ft hairpin double pipe exchangers with annuli and pipes each connected in
series. The exchangers are 3- by 2-in. IPS. What is (a) the dirt factor, (b) the
pressure drops ? (c) If the hot and cold streams in (a) are reversed with respect to
the annulus and inner pipa, how does this justify or refute your initial decision
where to place the hot streams ?

Penyelesaian :

(A) the dirt factor

(1) Heat Balance

O-xylene Butyl Alcohol

100oF to 150oF (aliran dingin) 170oF to 140oF (aliran panas)

Tav = (100+150)/2 = 125oF tav = (170+140)/2 = 155oF

c at 125oF = 0,43 Btu/lb (oF) c at 155oF = 0,69 Btu/lb (oF)

 W = Q/cΔT Q = w c ΔT
= (372.600)/(0,43)(150-100) = (18.000)(0,69)(170-140)
= 17.330,232 Btu/hr = 372.600 Btu/hr

(2) LMTD

Hot Fluid (oF) Cold Fluid (oF) Δt (oF)

170 Higher Temp. 150 Δt2 = 20
140 Lower Temp. 100 Δt1 = 40
Δt2 - Δt1 = -20

−20
LMTD = 2,3𝑙𝑜𝑔(20/40) = 28,886 oF

(3) Caloric Temperature

Tav = (170 + 140)/2 = 155 oF

tav = (150 + 100)/2 = 125 oF

Cold Fluid; Annulus; O-xylene
4’) Flow Area
D2 = 3,068/12 = 0,2556 ft
D1 = 2,38/12 = 0,1983 ft
aa = (П (D22 – D12))/4 = 0,0204 ft2
Dc = (D22 – D12)/D1 = 0,1311 ft
5’) Mass Velocity
Ga = W/aa = 17.330,232/0,0204
= 849.521,176 lb/hr ft2
6’) At 125 oF, μ = (0,6)(2,42)
= 1,452 lb/ft hr
Rea = Dc Ga/μ
= {(0,1311)(849.521,176)/1,452}
Hot Fluid; Inner Pipe; Butyl Alcohol
4)
D = 2,067/12 = 0,17225 ft
ap = ПD2/4 = 0,0232 ft2
5)
Gp = W/aa = 17.330,232/0,0204
= 775.862,069 lb/hr ft2
6) At 155 oF, μ = (1,02)(2,42)
= 2,468 lb/ft hr
Rep = D Gp/μ
= {(0,17225)(775.862,069)/2,468}
 = 76702,635 = 54150,016
7’) JH = 220 7) JH = 150
8’) At 125oF, c = 0,43 Btu/lb (oF) 8) At 155oF, c = 0,69 Btu/lb (oF)
k = 0,09 Btu/hr ft2 (oF/ft) k = 0,095 Btu/hr ft2 (oF/ft)
9’) ho = JH (k/Dc) (cμ/k)1/3 9) hi = JH (k/Dc) (cμ/k)1/3
0,09 0,43 𝑥 1,452 1/3 0,095 0,69 𝑥 1,02 1/3
= 220 0,1311 ( ) = 250 0,17225 ( )
0,09 0,095

= 288,044 Btu/hr ft2 (oF) = 161,272 Btu/hr ft2 (oF)

10) hio = hi (ID/OD)
2,067
= 161,272 ( 2,38 )

= 140,062 Btu/hr ft2 (oF)

(140,062)(288,044)
11) Uc = (hio hi)/(hio + hi) = (140,062 + 288,044) = 94,271 Btu/hr ft2 (oF)

12) Asumsi : RD = 0,001

1 1
Maka 𝑈𝐷 = + 0,001 = 0,0116
94,238

UD = 86,206 Btu/hr ft2 (oF)

13) Required Surface

A = Q/(UD Δt) = {372.600/(86,206)(28,886)} = 149,629 ft2

14) Required Length

L = 149,629/0,622 = 240,561 lin ft

Maka, digunakan 7 hairpin dengan panjang 20 feet secara seri.

Laktual = 280 x 0,622 = 174,16 ft2

UD = {(372.600)/(174,16)(28,886)} = 74,0639 Btu/hr ft2 (oF)

(94,271 − 74,0639)
RD (dirt factor) = = 0,002894
(94,271)(74,0639)
(B) the pressure drop

1’) Flow Area 1)

De’ = (D2 – D1) = 0,2556 – 0,1983 Rep = 54.150,016
= 0,0573 ft
Re’ = (De’ x Ga)/μ = 33.524,492
f = 0,0035 + (0,264/112,621) f = 0,0035 + (0,264/97,3)
= 0,00584 = 0,00621
s = 0,87 ; ρ = 62,5 x 0,87 = 54,3 s = 0,81 ; ρ = 62,5 x 0,81 = 50,625
2’) Mass Velocity 2)
ΔFa = (4fGa2L/2gρ2De’) ΔFp = (4fGa2L/2gρ2De’)
= 33,42 ft = 5,7459 ft
3’) V = G/3600ρ = 4,345 fps 3)
Fl = 3V2/2g
= (3 x 4,345)/2 x 32,2 = 0,897 ft
(33,42 + 0,879)54,3 (5,7459 x 50,625)
ΔP = = 12,933 psi ΔP = = 2,02 psi
144 144

Maka pressure drop yang diizinkan adalah 13 psi

(C) the pressure drop

Apabila butyl alcohol dialirkan melalui annulus dan o-xylene dialirkan melalui
inner pipe, maka hasil perhitungan akhir akan membuktikan bahwa dirt factor
yang dihasilkan bernilai lebih kecil dimana RD = 0,00183. Hasil ini didapatkan
melalui cara yang sama dimulai dari penentuan Mass Velocity hingga Required
Length.
(102,6559 – 86,4)
RD (dirt factor) = (102,6559)(86,4) = 0,00183