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Dirk Draheim, Gerald Weber

Form-Oriented Analysis
A New Methodology to Model
Form-Based Applications

Figures

Springer, 2004.
Fig.2.1. Example pages of the online bookshop – Part I
Welcome Page
My Shopping Cart Logout

Book Quantity Price

Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46 Delete

Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 Delete

Varela: The Embodied Mind 2 44.68 Delete

Adams: Watership Down 7 62.30 Delete

Update
Buy items
Search for a book: in cart
Search

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.2.1. Example pages of the online bookshop – Part II

Customer Registration Welcome Page

E-mail Address:
Full Name: Password:
Repeat Pwd:
Street Address:
City:
Register
State:
ZIP:
Country:
Card Type Credit Card No.
WhateverCard
Expiration Date Cardholder
01 2006

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig. 2.2. Examples of ultra-thin client based
submit/response style systems
HTTP
GET hypertext/dir/index.html HTTP/1.0 Web
Browser CGI Presentation
....<head> <title> Dummy </title></head>.... Layer

Application Server
PC-Memory

Database
PC

3270 Data Stream


AID Cursor Address Data.....
Application Program
3270 Terminal
Command Cursor Address Data.....
TP-Monitor

Device Buffer Disk Disk

Mainframe

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig. 2.3. SAP R/3 architecture - a client/server
submit/response style system

screen program

ABAP/4 GUI
PBO input template PAI

PBO input template PAI


ABAP/4 Interpreter
PBO input template PAI
module pool
TRPC

Application Server
process before output

transactional remote
process after input
procedure call Database

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig. 2.4. Example formchart for a system
login capability

LoginLink

Welcome Login LoginForm

WelcomeLink

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.3.1. Welcome screen of the online bookshop

Welcome to Our Online Bookstore !

You can choose:


Browse the bookstore
View Cart
Login
Register as a new customer

Our recommendations:
• Richard Adams. Watership Down. view details
• Niccolo Machiavelli. Discourses. view details
• Willard Quine. Word and Object. view details

Search for a book:


Search

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.3.2. Login screen of the online bookshop

Login Welcome Page

An error occurred.
The password that you provided did not match your e-mail address.
Please try to log in again or register as a new customer.

Your e-mail address:


Login
Your password:

Register as a new customer

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.3.3. Registration screen of the online bookshop

Customer Registration Welcome Page

E-mail Address:
Full Name: Password:
Repeat Password:
Street Address:
City:
Register
State:
ZIP:
Country:

Card Type Credit Card No. Expiration Date Cardholder


WhateverCard 01 2006

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.3.4. Category screen of the online bookshop
Welcome Page View Cart
Category: All Books
Login Register as a new customer

Browse subcategories:
• Computer
• Cooking
• Philosophy
• Literature
• Science Fiction
• Sports

Our recommendations:
• Richard Adams. Watership Down. view details
Add selected items
• Niccolo Machiavelli. Discourses. view details
to cart
• Willard Quine. Word and Object. view details

Search for a book:


Search

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.3.5. Book page of the online bookshop

Welcome Page View Cart


Form-Oriented Analysis Login Register as a new customer

Authors: Dirk Draheim, Gerald Weber

Abstract: What is the business logic of an enterprise system? How do I


specify it in such a way that I know how to transform it into a running
system, by skill and by automated tool support? This book gives a self-
contained introduction to the modeling and development of business
logic for enterprise systems.

Price: $ 79,95 Add this book


to cart

Search for a book:


Search

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.3.6. Shopping cart of the online bookshop
Welcome Page
My Shopping Cart Logout

Book Quantity Price

Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46 Delete

Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 Delete

Varela: The Embodied Mind 2 44.68 Delete

Adams: Watership Down 7 62.30 Delete

Update

Buy items
Search for a book:
in cart
Search

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.3.7. Order information page of the online bookshop

Order Information Welcome Page View Cart


Logout Edit Account

Shipping Details Payment Method


John Q. Public WhateverCard, ***- 86745
49 Nowhere Lane Expiration: 01/2008
New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A.

Book Quantity Price


Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46
Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 Place your order
Varela: The Embodied Mind 2 44.68
Adams: Watership Down 7 62.30
Total 142.50

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.3.8. Search result page of the online bookshop
Welcome Page View Cart
Search Result Login Register as a new customer

Search items: Immanuel Kant

• Immanuel Kant. Critique of Judgement. view details


• Immanuel Kant. Critique of Pure Reason. view details
• Immanuel Kant. Critique of Practical Reason. view details
• Immanuel Kant. Critique of the Power of Judgment. view details
• Immanuel Kant. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. view details
• Immanuel Kant. Theoretical Philosophy. view details
• Immanuel Kant. Practical Philosophy. view details

Add selected items


to cart

Search for a book:


Search

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.3.9. Data model of the online bookshop

subcategories 0..*
Category Book
0..* title:String 1..* Author
name:String
featuredBooks abstract:String authors
name:String
price: Amount
1 item

OrderItem
quantity:Number

Address 1..* orderItems


streetAddress:String CardInformation
city:String Order cardType:CardType
state:String cardNumber:String
zip:Number expiration:Date
country:String 1 buyer cardholder:String
address 1 Customer
email:String 1 cardInformation
fullName:String
password:String
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.4.1. Page Diagram – Part I

the login data was erroneous the registration data was erroneous

Login Welcome Registration

browse the books on offer by exploring


select a book out of a list of more and more subcategories
featured books in order to
view details of the book

SearchResult Book Category

add book to the shopping cart

select books out of a list update cart items


of featured books in order to
add them to the shopping cart delete a cart item
ShoppingCart

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.4.1. Page Diagram – Part II
ShoppingCart

if the user is not yet a


registered customer, he order items:
or she might register now the user is not logged in this link only exists, if
the cart is not empty

OrderLogin the user is logged in

the login data was erroneous


OrderInformation

the registration data was erroneous


place an order

OrderRegistration

Confirmation

Springer Verlag 2004


My Shopping Cart Welcome Page
Fig.4.2. Logout
Book Quantity Price
Screen diagram
Delete
– Part I – Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46

Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 Delete

Adams: Dirk Gently 2 24.00 Delete

Update

Search for a book: Buy items


Search in cart

Login Welcome Page

E-mail:

Password:

login Register as new


Springer Verlag 2004 already logged in
Fig.4.2. Screen diagram Customer Registration
Welcome Page
– Part II –
E-mail:
login Register as new
Full Name:

error occurred Street Address:


City:
Order Information
State:
Welcome Page View Cart
Logout Edit Account ZIP:
Country:
Shipping Details Payment Method
John Q. Public Whatever, ***- 86745 Password:

error occurred
49 Nowhere Lane Expiration: 01/2008
New Haven Repeat Password:
CT 06511, U.S.A. Place your order
Card Type Card No.
WhateverCard
Book Quantity Price
Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46 Expiration Date Cardholder
Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 01 2006
Adams: Dirk Gently 2 24.00
Total 59.52 Register
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.4.3. List of options for a single conceptual option

My Shopping Cart Welcome Page


Logout
Book Quantity Price

}
Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46 Delete

Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 Delete

Adams: Dirk Gently 2 24.00 Delete

Update

Search for a book: Buy items


Search in cart

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.4.4. Form storyboard – Part I
UpdateCart
DeleteCartItem
• cartItem • cartItem
• quantity

ShoppingCart
Search WelcomeLink
• searchItem

Order OrderLogin OrderRegistrationLink


error occurred

OrderRegistration
WelcomeLink

OrderLoginForm
• e-mail
• password
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.4.4. Form storyboard – Part II
Order

user OrderRegistration

error occurred
alre
ady

OrderLoginForm OrderRegistrationForm
lo

• e-mail • eMail
gged

• password • fullName
in

• streetAddress
• city
• state
• zip
OrderInformation • country
• password
• repeatedPassword
WelcomeLink • cardType
• cardNumber
PlaceOrder • expiration
• cardholder
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.4.5. Page images – Part I

WelcomeLink
ShoppingCart
Logout

UpdateCart
DeleteCartItem
• cartItem • cartItem
• quantity

Search
• searchItem
Order

OrderInformation OrderLogin WelcomeLink

OrderLoginForm
• e-mail
• password

OrderRegistrationLink
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.4.5. Page images – Part II

OrderLogin WelcomeLink OrderRegistration

WelcomeLink
OrderLoginForm
• e-mail
• password RegistrationForm
• eMail
OrderRegistrationLink • fullName
• streetAddress
• city
• state
OrderInformation • zip
• country
WelcomeLink ViewCart • password
• repeatedPassword
Logout OrderChangeLink • cardType
• cardNumber
• expiration
• cardholder
PlaceOrder

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.4.6. Form storyboard annotated with
interaction information – Part I
UpdateCart
DeleteCartItem
cartItem cartItem
quantity

ShoppingCart
Search WelcomeLink
searchItem

Order OrderLogin
OrderRegistrationLink
error occurred

OrderRegistration
WelcomeLink

OrderLoginForm
e-mail
Springer Verlag 2004
password
Fig.4.6. Form storyboard annotated with
interaction information – Part II
Order
OrderRegistration
user

error occurred
alre
ady

OrderRegistrationForm
lo

OrderLoginForm
gged

e-mail eMail
password fullName
in

streetAddress
city
state
zip
OrderInformation country
password
repeatedPassword
WelcomeLink cardType
cardNumber
PlaceOrder expiration
cardholder
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.4.7. Message storyboard– Part I
DeleteCartItem
UpdateCart cartItem
cartItem
quantity ShoppingCart
cartItem 2 error occurred
! authorName
Search
searchItem ! title
defaultQuantity OrderRegistration
! price ! errorMessage
defaultEmail
Order defaultFullName
OrderRegistrationLink defaultStreetAddress
defaultCity
defaultState
OrderLogin defaultZip
! errorMessage defaultCountry
2 defaultEmail defaultCardType
defaultCardNumber
OrderLoginForm defaultExpiration
email defaultCardholder
password WelcomeLink
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.4.7. Message storyboard– Part II
OrderRegistration
1 user already logged in
! errorMessage
OrderLoginForm 3 error occurred
defaultEmail
Order email 4 shipping details
5 payment method
defaultFullName
password and so on...

1 3
OrderInformation
! fullName
OrderRegistrationForm
! streetAddress 4
eMail
! city
fullName
! state
! zip streetAddress
! country city
5
! cardType state
! truncatedCardNumber zip
! expiration country
password
WelcomeLink ! authorName repeatedPassword
! title cardType
! quantity cardNumber
PlaceOrder ! price expiration
cardholder
! totalPrice
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.5.1. The information system model of form-oriented analysis

Dialogue Model
Dialogue
Specification

Signature Definition

User Message Model Reuse

Referring
Shared
Opaque Identity Model Model

Referring

Information Model Reuse

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.2. A first formchart example
RegistrationLink

Login LoginForm Welcome RegistrationForm Registration

ViewBook ViewCategory

Search SearchResult Book Category


UpdateCart
AddToCart DeleteCartItem

ShoppingCart
OrderLogin OrderLoginForm

Order
OrderRegistrationLink
OrderInformation
OrderRegistration OrderRegistrationForm PlaceOrder
Confirmation
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.5.3. Two alternative formcharts for the same model

(i) (ii) D Q B
Q
E F
E F
P A R
P A R

D B
D B

V C S
V C S
R D P B

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.4. Formchart naming conventions

default transition name

default source name default target name

P P TO A A
P A
P>T T T>A
P>T>A
custom name global default name

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.5. Opaque references in the information model

non-deletable
product
1..1 oref
opaque reference facade

information types
0..1 instance
Product

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.6. Formchart notational elements

enabling condition
P A

client output constraint


server input constraint flow condition
A flow condition P

server output constraint


P
client input constraint

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.8. Meaning of path expressions in the formchart

Q B

E
P TO A
P A

S F

R C

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.9. Complete formchart for the
bookstore example – Part I
WelcomeLink
ViewCategory

ViewCart
LoginLink
Login
LoginLink
LoginForm
Logout
Logout
Welcome
WelcomeLink RegistrationLink LoginForm
ChangeLink
RegistrationLink
LoginForm
ViewBook
RegistrationForm
Search

RegistrationLink WelcomeLink

RegistrationForm Registration
RegistrationForm

ChangeLink
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.5.9. Complete formchart for the
bookstore example – Part II WelcomeLink

ViewCart
WelcomeLink
ViewCategory LoginLink
ViewCart
ViewBook Logout
Book
LoginLink RegistrationLink
Category
Search
Logout ChangeLink
RegistrationLink AddToCart
ChangeLink Search
ViewCategory
WelcomeLink
ViewBook
ViewCart Logout
AddToCart
ShoppingCart UpdateCart
Search AddToCart
DeleteCartItem
UpdateCart
Order
DeleteCartItem
Springer Verlag 2004 Search
Fig.5.9. Complete formchart for the WelcomeLink

bookstore example – Part III ViewCart

WelcomeLink LoginLink
Order
ViewCart SearchResult Logout

OrderInformation Search RegistrationLink


Logout
ChangeLink
OrderChangeLink
OrderLoginForm ViewBook
PlaceOrder
OrderRegistrationForm AddToCart
PlaceOrder
Search
Order WelcomeLink

OrderLoginForm WelcomeLink
OrderLogin Confirmation

OrderRegistrationLink Logout

OrderLoginForm

OrderRegistrationLink OrderRegistration
WelcomeLink
OrderRegistrationForm
OrderRegistrationForm
Springer Verlag 2004 OrderChangeLink
Fig.5.10. Login, registration and logout feature
of the online bookshop
Logout

Welcome

LoginLink

WelcomeLink Login LoginForm

RegistrationLink

Registration RegistrationForm

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.11. Conditional server/page transitions

forgottenEmailPassword

2.
forgottenEmail
3.

forgottenPassword
Login 4. LoginForm 1. Welcome

noSuchUser 5.
6.

passwordMismatch

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.12. Refinement of a server input constraint
Login LoginForm Welcome

Refinement
• dropping server input constraint
• adding transitions
• adding flow conditions
Welcome

forgottenEmailPassword

forgottenEmail 2. 1.
3.
noSuchUser Registration
forgottenPassword
4.
5.
Login LoginForm
RegistrationLink
6.

passwordMismatch PasswordError

LoginLink
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.5.13. Browsing feature of the online bookshop

Welcome ViewCategory
1 view a bestseller
2 view a featured book

1
Category UpdateCart

ViewBook Book AddToCart ShoppingCart

SearchResult DeleteCartItem

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.14. Shopping cart feature of the online bookshop

UpdateCart UpdateCart

update delete

ShoppingCart ShoppingCart

DeleteCartItem

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.15. Buying feature of the online bookshop
ShoppingCart

Order OrderInformation PlaceOrder Confirmation

OrderLogin OrderLoginForm

OrderRegistrationLink
WelcomeLink

OrderRegistration
OrderRegistrationForm Welcome

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.16. Reuse of the login and registration subdialogues
Logout ShoppingCart
OrderInformation PlaceOrder Confirmation
Order
Welcome
WelcomeLink
2.
LoginLink Welcome

WelcomeLink NewLogin NewLoginForm 2.

1.

NewRegistrationLink

NewRegistration NewRegistrationForm

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.17. Managing user data in the online bookshop

RegistrationLink

Welcome Registration

ChangeLink

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.18. Search feature of the online bookshop

Welcome Book

Category

Book Search ViewBook

SearchResult

ShoppingCart SearchResult

AddToCart

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.5.19. Graphical representation of
a client output constraint
formchart

Category ViewBook

message model
no direct input
Category ViewBook
{selection}

opaque reference facade

selected
featuredBooks 1..* 0..1
book single selection

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.6.1. Named partitioning of a formchart
i

iii

ii vi

v viii
iv vii

A B C D E F G H

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.6.2. Hierarchical formchart decomposition
i
A B C D E F G H

ii iii

A B C B C D E F G H

iv vi

A B E F G H

v vii viii

B C D E F F G H

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.6.3. Structured analysis:
leveled data flow diagram

Source 0 Sink

Context DFD

flow
Source 1 2 Sink

DFD0

flow flow
Source 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 Sink

S S

DFD1 DFD2
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.6.4. A flat formchart

A B C D E F G H

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.6.5. Additional features of the bookstore – Part I
Login
Login Welcome
Welcome
Registration

Category
Book
LoginLink
Login
Welcome
Book Category

SearchResult ShoppingCart WelcomeLink

SearchResult

View Cart
Welcome OrderInformation

Category OrderLogin
ViewCart ShoppingCart

Book OrderRegistration

SearchResult
Confirmation

OrderInformation

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.6.5. Additional features of the bookstore – Part II
Welcome Logout
Welcome Change User Data

Category
Logout Category
Welcome
Book ChangeLink
Registration
Book
SearchResult

ShoppingCart SearchResult
OrderRegistration
OrderInformation
OrderInformation
Confirmation OrderChangeLink

Welcome Search
Welcome Registration
Category

Category
SearchResult
RegistrationLink
Search
Book ShoppingCart

Book
SearchResult

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.6.6. Modeling with state set notation

A B C A,B,C

P Q R P,Q,R

D E F D,E,F

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.6.7. Using state set notation for
the bookstore features – Part I
Login
Welcome, Logout
Category, LoginLink,
Registration
Book, Logout,
Change User Data
SearchResult RegistrationLink,
ChangeLink

1 links to LoginLink only exist, if user is not logged in


2 links to Logout only exist, if user is logged in
3 links to RegistrationLink only exist, if user is not logged in
4 links to ChangeLink only exist, if user is logged in

Logout Welcome
ShoppingCart,
OrderInformation, LoginLink
Confirmation Login

ChangeLink
Registration
OrderChangeLink
OrderInformation OrderRegistration

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.6.7. Using state set notation for
the bookstore features – Part II

Login,
Registration, Book, Category, Welcome
ShoppingCart, SearchResult, Welcome
OrderInformation, OrderLogin,
OrderRegistration, WelcomeLink
Confirmation

View Cart
Welcome, Category, Book,
SearchResult, OrderInformation ShoppingCart
ViewCart

Search
Welcome, Category, Book,
SearchResult, ShoppingCart Book
Search

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.6.8. Modeling enabling conditions based on
state specialization
(i)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
S3
Start S1 S2 S5 End
S4
B1 B2 B3

(ii) A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
S3‘
S1‘ S2‘ S5‘
S4‘
Start End
S3‘‘
S1‘‘ S2‘‘ S5‘‘
S4‘‘
B1 B2 B3
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.7.1. The data model of the bookshop as a PD model
Category
name featuredBooks
title String
subcategories Book
String abstract
item String
price Amount
OrderItem
orderItems quantity name String
Number Author
Order authors

buyer email String


Customer
fullName String

password String
address streetAddress String
cardInformation
Address city CardType
String CardInformation cardType
state cardNumber
String String
zip expiration
country Number Date
String
Springer Verlag 2004 cardholder String
Fig.7.2. A submodel of the bookshop

title String
Book
abstract
item String
price Amount
OrderItem
orderItems quantity name String
Number Author
Order authors

buyer email String


Customer
fullName String

password String

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.7.3. A relation of arity 3 and an alternative
model with a relationship

Offer Offer
Customer Customer

contact Contact

Salesperson Salesperson

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.7.4. A partial order in the data model and a
valid state of this model

Partial
order Fro

to2fro fro2to

To

Data model
Data state

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.7.5. A composition constraint with composite
entity and contents model

composite detouring
entity relation type
weak
entity type

master
relation types external
reference
contents
subsystem

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.8.1. An example data type interchange diagram
showing all the notational elements
message messages of bidirectional
representing transaction transactional signature of “order”

advertise getinsurance

order ship

deliver
inquiry

CRMprocess

unit system input welcomeMessage


type
output type

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.8.2. Similar to functional decomposition,
a model subsystem in one DTIM
can be defined by a whole sub-DTIM

b
b a

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.8.3. Edges between actions within the same model
subsystem can and should be replaced

v v
i i

a a

h h
u u

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.8.4. Example DTIMs describing how the login
dialogue accesses a remote authentication service
flow: incorrect password

Login LoginForm Welcome

Form-Oriented Client Bookshop System Customer Management


Login LoginForm
Authentication
Service

Welcome
Receiver
Solution A
flow: incorrect password
Solution B

LoginForm
Authentication
Springer Verlag 2004

Login
Service
FailReceiver
Welcome
OKReceiver
Fig.8.5. A DTIM and an equivalent DFD

DTIM
DFD

b w b
v i c
i
w
v
a
h h
a
c u
j h j
u a

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.10.1. The Angie language related tool suite
Java Server Pages

Click-Dummy
Angie
Prototype
Generator

Load Test
Angie Load Angie
Report

JSPick Revangie Angil Angil


Model Recovery Model Recovery Load Test OLAP

Java
Server Pages Web Presentation Layer

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.10.2. Bookstore login capability

login login
Welcome LoginLink Login LoginForm

WelcomeLink welcome

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.10.3. Revangie: example screen classifications

view
goodies
ACME Specials ACME Welcome
ACME events 1 3

home

ACME bargains ACME Specials ACME Welcome


2 4

identity screen classification view products


title 1-2 3-4 5 6 7 8
source 1 2 3-4 5-6-7 8
targets 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8
source title 1-2 3-4 5-6-7 8 Hardware Drugs Food Goodies
targets title 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 5 6 7 8
source targets 1-2 3-4 5-6-7-8
source title 1 2 3-4 5 6 7 8
targets title 1-2 3-4 5 6 7 8 non-food food
source targets 1 2 3-4 5-6 7 8
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.11.1. CPDS and CPTS

forms are
editable method calls
client
page
CPTS

CPDS

page description page targets


is interpreted server side code
Browser
Server

code unit code unit code unit


that produces that produces that produces
page descriptions page descriptions page descriptions
(e.g. server page) (e.g. server page) (e.g. server page)

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.11.2. Model 2 architecture

C front
request
Java Servlet
M
create/update

request
client
dispatching

server-side
access objects
Java Server Page
response
V presentation

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.11.5. Higher-order server pages design example

registration error and registrationA→along


A

registration error and registrationB→along registration


new Customer
B B

registration
C error and registrationC→along

not error
somewhere

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.12.1. The core syntax model
of the PD modeling language

RelationType 1

EntityType
Role
1

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.12.2. Multiplicity syntax model
and union with PD syntax model

Number
Number 1
1
RelationType Upper multiplicity
Upper multiplicity 1
1 Lower multiplicity
Lower multiplicity
1 Role
1
Number
1 Number 1
EntityType 1
1

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.12.3. A cutout message storyboard of the bookshop
example with custom transition names

l LoginLink

Welcome
v
! loggedIn:Boolean s ShoppingCart
! customerName:String ViewCart

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.13.2. A formchart is derived from
the semantic framework
formchartframework
shdframework
pageServer
StartState
ClientPage ServerAction

ServerPage

Category

WelcomeLink Welcome
ViewCategory

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.13.3. The object net over a formchart is a path

WelcomeLink

Welcome

Category ViewCategory

singleInstance:
CurrentEnd
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.13.4. A login subdialogue as UML state machine

submit
[valid password]

Welcome Login

submit
[invalid password]

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.13.6. Example of path expressions

x
v y
A B C D
w z

B’

x duplicate
v y
aA:A aB1:B aC1:C aC1:C aC1:C
v y
w aB2:B y aC2:C aC2:C aC2:C aC2:C

result bag
w aB’:B’ z aC3:C

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.13.7. UML tree definition

parent
<<singleton>>
1 Root
1..* {xor}
1..*
Node

1 parent
Leaf InnerNode

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.16.1. The Seeheim model of user interfaces

Application
Presentation Dialogue Control Interface
Model

Springer Verlag 2004


Fig.16.2. Data flow diagram of a system login
and registration feature
user-id
error-message

CurrentUser

login
User
email-and-password

customer-and-repeated-password

register

error-message Customer
Springer Verlag 2004
Fig.16.2. Jacobson-style use case diagram
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of the example bookstore.


browse categories

search

view shopping cart

manage shopping cart

buy

register

change customer data


User

login

logout
system
Springer Verlag 2004

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