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in the steel
a voestalpine
industry
company
since 1870
since 2007
in the welding
consumables business
since 1926
Kapfenberg | Austria
27,000 tons annual capacity
Flux cored wire, stick electrodes,
Seneffe | Belgium solid wire
7,500 tons annual capacity
Hardfacing flux cored wire for Cittadella | Italy
maintenance & repair, Welding fluxes 6,000 tons annual capacity
for maintenance & repair, Strips for
strip cladding process Seamless flux cored wire
STAINLESS: Metallic alloy presenting Chromium content higher that 10/12% which promotes
the formation of a passive film
DUPLEX: Type of stainless steel which has a biphasic microstructure formed by equal
proportions of ferrite and austenite phases (50/50)
FERRITIC MATRIX
PROVIDES
STRENGTH &
RESISTANCE TO SCC
AUSTENITE ISLANDS
CONTRIBUTE GOOD
DUCTILITY &
RESISTANCE TO
CORROSION
voestalpine Böhler Welding
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PREN vs. PREW
They are useful for ranking and comparing the different grades, but cannot be used to
predict whether a particular grade will be suitable for a given application, where
pitting corrosion may be a hazard.
To ensure good corrosion properties on 22%Cr duplex a super duplex filler wire is often used for the root
run. This approach is recommended for G48-A tests at +25°C.
voestalpine Böhler Welding
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Root Weld Beads
To avoid sigma phase formation in the root bead, avoid a high heat input for the cold (2nd) pass. As
a rule of thumb, a thick bead should be used for the root pass but the maximum heat input must not
be exceeded. The cold pass should then be welded at 70-80% of the heat input used in the root
run.
TEMPERATURE
Nitrogen-based backing
voestalpine Böhler gas (90% N2 + 10% H2) significantly improved the pitting resistance of all grades in both the pickled and as-
Welding
welded condition. When using Pure Argon as the backing gas, only the highest alloyed welds showed a measurable CPT in the as-
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welded condition. For this reason pickling is always recommended when using argon-based backing gas.
Corrosion testing
For qualification / acceptance purposes, ASTM G48 or ASTM A923 can be performed at a single specified
temperature.
The test temperatures given in the ASTM G48 standard are only recommendations, and the required test
temperature will be given in the relevant application code or standard.
The G48 test is designed to assess materials for pitting corrosion resistance in chloride media (stress is not
relevant). The test solution is actually quite aggressive, certainly more so than the materials would be subjected
to in normal service. The ASTM standard states that the solution is designed to provide breakdown of 304 at room
temperature;
22%Cr testing temperature is normally +22°C or +25°C
25%Cr testing temperature is normally +35°C or +40°C.
Unwelded base material (or solution annealed welds) will pass the test at higher temperatures.
NORSOK M-601 and M-630 (oil and gas industry standards) incorporate a maximum weight loss requirement of
4g/m2. The acceptance temperatures are 50°C for 25Cr super duplex base material (M-630) and 40°C for welds
(M-601).
GMAW Semi-Automated - Higher productivity compared to GTAW More prone to spatter than standard austenitic
Clean weld metal offering high impact toughness grades
Lower arc stability and weld pool fluidity compared to standard austenitic grades Best results obtained with synergic pulsed equipment
(hence He containing gases) Prone to Porosity especially with higher Nitrogen
contents (25%Cr). Avoid Narrow gaps, small joint
angles and large land (reduce dilution)
Product manufactured 100% in house from billet to final product. Controlled chemical composition resulting in
excellent corrosion resistance with increased G48 success rate with many references @ +40C
Excellent cleanliness resulting in less “scum” on weld pool – Ask welders who have tested this product!!
This new HRW allows welding by GMAW process with lowest levels of porosity