THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG

DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

The University of Danang
Danang University of Science and Technology
MODELING AND SIMULATIONS OF
Final report
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Final report
Topic: Evaluating performance of m-QAM modulation
techniques with the impact of FFT sizes for 4G/LTE networks

Done by : Phạm Quốc Cường

Class : K35DTCH
Instructor : PhD. Nguyễn Duy Nhật Viễn

Da Nang, July - 2018

 Table of contents

01 Overview of the mobile communication evolution

02 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems

03 m-QAM modulation techniques in 4G/LTE networks

04 Simulation, results and discussion

 Part 1. Overview of mobile communication evolution (1)
The mobile experience is expanding everywhere
Overview of EMC

Source: Qualcomm, LTE Conference – Hanoi – Sept - 2017

 Part 1. Overview of mobile communication evolution (2)

Connect reliably

Connect real time Connect on the go

Connect fast Connect longer

Delivering rich mobile broadband experiences

Part 1. Overview of mobile communication evolution (3)
Evolving mobile communication technologies for better experiences

Source: Qualcomm, LTE Conference – Hanoi – Sept - 2017

 Part 1. Overview of mobile communication evolution (4)
 Multiple Access technologies over time  more dimensions  more resources

Source: Mobile Communication Lectures – Assoc.Prof. PhD. Nguyen Le Hung

Part 2. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems (1)
 OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme that extends the concept of single
subcarrier modulation by using multiple subcarriers within the same single channel:

 The OFDM scheme differs from traditional FDM in the following interrelated ways:

1. Multiple carriers (called subcarriers) carry the information stream.

2. The subcarriers are orthogonal to each other.
3. A guard interval is added to each symbol to minimize the channel delay spread and
intersymbol interference.
 Part 2. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems (2)
 Block diagram of typical OFDM system:

N 1 mk
k
1 N 1 N 1
DFT  xa  n    xa  n  e
 j 2 n j 2 n
N
  X  m  e N

n 0 N n 0 m 0
N 1 N 1 mk N 1 N 1
1 j 2 n 1

N
 X  m  e
m0 n 0
N

N
 X  m  N  m  k    X  m    m  k   X  k 
m0 m0
 Part 3. m-QAM modulation techniques in 4G/LTE networks (1)
 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation or QAM is a form of modulation which is widely used for
modulating data signals onto a carrier used for radio communications. It offers advantages
over other forms of data modulation such as PSK, although many forms of data modulation
operate alongside each other.

 QAM is a signal in which two carriers shifted in phase by 90 degrees are modulated and the
resultant output consists of both amplitude and phase variations. In view of the fact that
both amplitude and phase variations are present it may also be considered as a mixture of
amplitude and phase modulation.

M Modulation types 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑛
2 BPSK ±1
4 QPSK ±1
16 16-QAM ±1, ±3
64 64-QAM ±1, ±3, ±5, ±7
 Part 3. m-QAM modulation techniques in 4G/LTE networks (2)
 The higher of the modulation order m, more bits are transmitted  more bit rates  more
efficiency of using frequency spectrum

 m-QAMs are popular modulation techniques used in existing LTE networks

16-QAM constellation diagram 64-QAM constellation diagram

 Part 4. Simulation, results and discussion (1)

 The algorithm flowchart for simulations: Begin

-Assign no. of bits contained per 1

OFDM symbol.
-No. of OFDM symbol tramsmitted
-No. of sub-carriers carrying data
-Various FFT sizes
-Various m-QAM techniques

-Simulating wireless channel with presence of AWGN noise

-Calculating SER at receiver (theoretical and simulated
values)

-Plotting SER graph vs EsNo corresponding to each m-QAM

modulation technique and each FFT size

End
 Part 4. Simulation, results and discussion (2)
 FFT size = 32

 With the same Es/No (dB) value at the receiver, increasing no. of bits contained per QAM
symbol 4 bits, 5 bits, 6 bits, 7 bits, 8 bits and 9 bits, respectively  16 QAM (4 bits) has the
highest performance in term of SERs.
5
 Es/No=20 dB  SERtheory _16QAM  10 3
and 10  SERsimulation_16QAM  10
2
 Part 4. Simulation, results and discussion (2)
 FFT size = 64

 FFT size = 64  𝑆𝐸𝑅𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 ≈ 𝑆𝐸𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 for all m-QAM modulation techniques

 Es/No=20 dB  SER16QAM  105

 Once again, 16-QAM has the highest performance among these m-QAM techniques
Thank you for your attention
Email: cuongphamquoc@outlook.com
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