Diarrhea Extension Program Unit

RELEASE EVENTS

Subject : Diarrhea in Children

Sub Subject : Treatment of Diarrhea in Children
Target : Client families whose children have Diarrhea complaints
Target : Visitor / client family
Time : 20 minutes
Day / Date : Thuesday, May 22 2019
Place : Posyandu environment
Extension : Student of STIKES MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG

A. BACKGROUND
Based on the study & analysis of several surveys conducted, the current
diarrhea morbidity rate in all age groups is 280/1000. In the Toddler group the
episode of diarrhea is 1.5 times per year. Diarrhea mortality rates were obtained
from the Household Health Survey (1995 Household Health Survey) if projected
on the Indonesian population, each year there were 112,000 deaths in all age
groups (54 / 100,000 people) in children with 55,000 deaths (2.5 per 1000
children under five).
Globally there are two main objectives of the P2 Diarrhea program, which is
to prevent deaths from diarrhea and prevent diarrhea. Effective prevention efforts
through increasing education information communication activities (IEC) and
actively mobilizing community participation. As the main target of IEC is the
community, especially mothers who have toddlers so that they can properly
manage diarrhea and effective prevention activities.

B. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

After getting counseling for 20 minutes about treating diarrhea in children,
counseling participants can understand and carry out healthy living through the
Communication, Information and Education (IEC) approach so that the illness and
death of diarrhea can be prevented.
C. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
After getting one (1) counseling, it is expected that extension participants are
able to:
1. Explain the meaning of diarrhea
2. Explain the causes of diarrhea
3. Explain the signs and symptoms of diarrhea
4. Explain how to spread diarrhea
5. Explain prevention of diarrhea
6. Explain the handling of diarrhea

D. METHOD

1. Lecture
2. Discussion

E. MEDIA

1. Leaflets

F. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

No Stages Extension Activities Participant Activities Time

.
1 Opening 1. Greetings 1. Answering 5
Opening greetings minute
2. Introduction 2. Get s
3. Purpose and acquainted
Objectives 3. Listen
4. Contract time, 4. Approve
place and 5. Declare ready
topic.
5. Readines
 2 Implementatio 1. Equate 1. Answer 10
n perception. according to minute
2. Explain the knowledge s
definition of 2. Pay attention
diarrhea, and listen.
causes, signs
and symptoms,
transmission,
prevention, and
treatment of
diarrhea
3. Explain how to
make salt sugar
solution (LGG)

3 Cover 1. Evaluation 1. Listen to 5

2. Conclusion conclusions. minute
3. Plan for 2. Pay attention s
follow-up to follow-up.
4. Closing 3. Answering
Greetings greetings.

G. EVALUATION CRITERIA

1. Structure Evaluation
a. The teaching unit is ready one day before the activity takes place
b. Tools and places are ready before the activity is carried out.
c. The instructor is ready before the activity is carried out.
2. Process Evaluation
a. Tools and places can be used as planned.
b. Participants want or are willing to carry out planned activities.
3. Evaluation of Results
a. 75% of participants can explain the meaning of diarrhea
b. 75% of participants can explain the causes of diarrhea
c. 75% of participants can mention signs and symptoms of diarrhea
d. 75% of participants can explain transmission of diarrhea
e. 75% of participants can explain the prevention of diarrhea
f. 75% of participants can mention the treatment of diarrhea
 BIBLIOGRAFHY
Depkes RI , 2002 , Pelaksanaan Program P2 Diare, Depkes RI , Jakarta
Anonim , 1985 , Ilmu Kesehatan Anak , FK-UI, Jakarta
Depkes RI, 1998, Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit, Depkes RI, Jakarta
Greenberg CM, 2002, Nursing Care Planning Guides For Children,
alofornia state umivercity, California
 DIARRHEA
A. Definition
According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2005), diarrhea is a
disease with signs of changes in the shape and consistency of stool, which
softens until it melts and increases the frequency of defecation usually three or
more times a day.
According to WHO (1999) clinically diarrhea is defined as increasing
defecation more than usual or more than three times a day, accompanied by
changes in the consistency of stool to be liquid with or without blood.

B. Classification
RI Department of Health (2000) classifies diarrhea into four groups,
namely:
1. Acute diarrhea
Namely diarrhea that lasts less than 14 days.
2. Dysentery
Namely diarrhea accompanied by blood in the fist.
3. Persistent diarrhea
Namely diarrhea that lasts for 14 days continuously.
4. Diarrhea with other problems
Namely: Children who suffer from diarrhea (acute and persistent
diarrhea) may also be accompanied by other diseases such as fever,
nutritional disorders or other diseases.
C. Causes
1. Infection or bacteria: Escherichia Coli, Salmonella, worms, Entamoeba
histolityca
2. Absorption mall: disaccharide (lactose intolerance, maltose and
sucrose), monosaccharide (glucose intolerance, fructose, galactose). In
infants and children the most important are lactose intolerance.
3. Food factors: Stale food, toxic, allergic to food, milk.
4. Psychology: Fear and anxiety. Although rarely can cause diarrhea,
especially in older children.
D. Risk factor
1. Not giving full ASI
2. Using less clean milk bottles
3. Store cooked food at room temperature
4. Using contaminated drinking water
5. Do not wash hands before and after defecating or small.
6. Do not dispose of stool properly

E. Signs and symptoms

1. Sign:
a. Anus and the area around the blisters Because the frequent
defecation and stools are increasingly acidic as a result of the
increasing number of lactic acids derived from lactose which
cannot be absorbed by the intestines during diarrhea.
b. BB decreases
c. Reduced skin turgor
d. Mucous and oral mucous membranes and dry-looking skin
e. Fast and small pulse
f. Heart rate is fast
g. TD decreases
h. Awareness decreases
i. Pale, fast breathing
j. Defecate 4x / day for babies and> 3x for children or adults.
k. The temperature is high
2. Symptoms:
a. No appetite
b. Limp
c. Dehydration
d. Restless
e. Whiny
f. Oliguria
g. Anuria
 h. Thirst
i. Transmission

F. Diarrhea can be transmitted through:

1. Using contaminated water sources
2. Anywhere BAB
3. Pollution of food by insects (flies, cockroaches) or by dirty hands
4. Oral fecal through contaminated food and drink
5. Through contaminated food
6. Consuming raw / uncooked fish taken from contaminated water.
7. Direct contact with people infected with the virus

G. Prevention
1. Wash hands before eating to reduce infection
The habit associated with personal hygiene that is important in the
transmission of diarrhea germs is hand washing. Washing hands with
soap, especially after defecation, after removing the child's feces,
before preparing food, before feeding children's food and before meals,
has an impact on the incidence of diarrhea (Ministry of Health, 2006).
2. Disinfecting the surface of household appliances.
3. Always use clean water
Most infectious germs that cause diarrhea are transmitted through
their fecal-oral pathways can be transmitted by inserting into the
mouth, fluids or objects contaminated with feces such as drinking
water, fingers, food prepared in panic washed with polluted water
(MOH, 2006).
Communities that are affordable by providing clean water have a
lower risk of suffering from diarrhea compared to people who do not
get clean water (Ministry of Health, 2006).
4. Defecate in its place
5. Wash dirty clothes immediately until clean
6. Avoid contaminated food and water
 7. Giving ASI
In infants who are not fully breastfed, the risk of diarrhea is 30
times greater in the first 6 months of life. Giving formula milk is
another way of breastfeeding. The use of bottles for formula milk
usually causes a high risk of developing diarrhea so that oci causes
malnutrition (MOH, 2006).
H. Handling of diarrhea
1. Take it to a health worker if:
a. Watery bowels are getting more frequent
b. There is repeated vomiting
c. High fever
d. There is blood in the stool
e. Do not want to eat or drink
2. Make a sugar salt solution (ORS)
To prevent dehydration, it can be done from the household by
giving ORS low osmolarity, and if it is not available, give household
fluids such as starch, vegetable soup, boiled water. ORS is currently on
the market for new ORS with low osmolarity, which can reduce nausea
and vomiting. ORS is the best liquid for diarrhea sufferers to replace
lost fluids. If the patient does not drink, he should immediately be
taken to a health facility to get fluids through an IV. Administration of
ORS is based on the degree of dehydration (RI Ministry of Health,
2011).
a. Tools: medium-sized glass and stirrer or spoon
b. Material: Sugar, salt
c. How to make :
1) Dissolve one spoon of sugar and ¼ spoon of salt into a
glass of boiled water (warm or cold).
2) Then stir until evenly distributed and drunk every time
BAB.
3. The dose of LGG administration to treat diarrhea (first 3 hours)
a. <1 year old: 300 ml (1.5 cups)
 b. 1-4 years old: 600 ml (3 cups)
c. Age 5-12 years: 1.2 liters (6 cups)
d. Adult: 2.4 liters (12 glasses)
4. The dose of LGG administration to treat diarrhea (after every stool)
a. <1 year old: 100 ml (0.5 cups)
b. 1-4 years old: 200 ml (1 glass)
c. Age 5-12 years: 300 ml (1.5 cups)
d. Adult: 400 ml (2 cups)