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CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

A. GENERAL

The axis of a beam deflects from its initial position under action of applied forces.
The deformation of a beam is usually expressed in terms of its original unloaded position.
The deflection from its original neutral surface of the beam to the neutral surface of the beam
to the neutral surface of the deformed beam. The configuration assumed by the deformed
neutral surface is known as the curve of the beam. Accurate values for these beam deflections
are sought in many practical cases. Elements of machines must be sufficiently rigid to
prevent misalignment and to maintain dimensional accuracy under load in buildings.

GOAL

A. Students are provided with an opportunity to obtain a strong mathematical

background accompanied by advanced numerical methods such as finite-
element formulations. Solid mechanics provides fundamental knowledge of
kinematics, dynamics, and constitutive models for the response of materials.
B. Applied mechanics is a fundamental program that provides a platform for
emerging technology by offering basic knowledge of continuum mechanics.
C. Respond to challenges in manufacturing with the development and analysis of
advanced materials.

B. OBJECTIVE

The project objectives are:

A. To learn the necessity of good communication skills for engineers by

completing, drawing, reports, and presentations.
B. To gain data and experience from testing.
C. To learn the design process based on the structural components such as beam,
column, and structures.
D. To apply the engineering knowledge in practical application.

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 C. SCOPE OF STUDY
A. The design of the sample (cross section and orientation of the sticks)
i. Proposed Structure (square hollow section)

A structure component consists of more or less around 70 pieces of satay sticks had
been constructed in order to full fill the dimension 3 cm x 3 cm x 50 cm. That type of
component then used as beam and other related structure component.

B. Type Of Testing

1) Deflection Test

Place a hanger with a mass between 5kg until 50kg at the central of the prototype. Record the
data. This testing is to examine how deflection varies with an in increasing point load.

2) Tensile Test

It is a fundamental materials test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until

failure. It is commonly used to select a material for an application, for quality control, and to
predict how a material will react under a few types of forces. The prototype will loaded
between two clamps and will be pulled until the test member breaks. The highest reading will
show the breaking force of the data.

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 3) Bending Test

Place a hanger with a mass between 5kg until 50kg at the central of the prototype. Record the
data. This test is to examine how bending moment varies with an in increasing point load.

4) Buckling Test

Rotate the prototype to vertical position and place load at the upper of the prototype to create
force and check the buckling movement of the prototype

5) Compression Test

The prototype will place between the plates and compress until fracture. The highest reading
will show the compressive strength of the prototype.

C. Type of Analysis

Procedure of Shear Force Test

i. The Digital Force meter was checked to zero with no load.

ii. Load was hanged into the beam with any positions and load.
iii. The reading on Digital Force was recorded.

Procedure of Tensile Test

The basic idea of a tensile test is to place a sample of a material between two fixtures
called "grips" which clamp the material. The material has known dimensions, like length
and cross-sectional area. Then, apply weight to the material gripped at one end while the
other end is fixed. Increase the weight and at the same time measure the change in length
of the sample.

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 D. Significance Of Study

The finding of the study will redound to the benefit of society considering that
mechanic of materials play an important role in science and technologies today. The greater
demand for graduate with mechanic of materials background justifies the need for more
effective, life-changing teaching approaches. Thus university that apply the recommended
approach derived from the result of this study will be able to trained students better.
University administrators will be guided on what should be emphasized by lecturer in the
university to improve student’s performance in mechanic of materials. For the experimental
test, the study will help us in the educational process that many researchers were not be able
to explore. Thus, a new theory on learning this topic could be achieved.