Agricultural Atlas 2018 PDF

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE,
LIVESTOCK, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND

FISHING INFORMATION SERVICE
FISHING AND FOOD
2012-2018
Food & Agricultural
Atlas
www.gob.mx/siap
Directory
Baltazar Hinojosa Ochoa Mario Gilberto Aguilar Sanchez

SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FOR AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES
FISHERIES AND FOOD
Patricia Ornelas Ruiz
Jorge Luis Zertuche Rodriguez SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES INFORMATION
UNDERSECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE SERVICE
Raul Enrique Galindo Favela Leobigildo Cordova Tellez

UNDERSECRETARY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SEED INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION
SERVICE
Ignacio de Jesus Lastra Marin
UNDERSECRETARY OF FOOD AND COMPETITIVENESS Enrique Sanchez Cruz
SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE FOR SANITATION, SAFETY AND
Marcelo Lopez Sanchez QUALITY OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
CHIEF CLERK
Rafael Ambriz Cervantes
Mireille Roccatti Velazquez MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON FORESTRY,
GENERAL COUNSEL FARMING AND LIVESTOCK
SERVICIO DE INFORMACION AGROALIMENTARIA Y PESQUERA (SIAP) Fermin Montes Cavazos Alfonso Elias Serrano
(Food, agriculture and fisheries information service) GENERAL COORDINATOR OF DELEGATIONS MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE RISK-SHARING FUND
2012-2018 food and Agricultural Atlas
First edition, 2018 Francisco Jose Gurria Treviño Jose Apraham Cepeda Izaguirre
© Servicio de Informacion Agroalimentaria y Pesquera GENERAL COORDINATOR OF LIVESTOCK MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON ARID ZONES
Benjamin Franklin 146, Colonia Escandon, Delegacion Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11800, Ciudad de Mexico.
Alejandro Vazquez Salido Ligia Noemi Osorno Magaña

Partial or total, direct or indirect reproduction of the content of this work is prohibited, without prior, explicit and written consent from the editors, under the terms established by SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE AGENCY FOR TRADING SERVICES AND MANAGING DIRECTOR OF INCA RURAL, A.C. (National Institute of Skills
the Federal Law on Copyright and, when appropriate, by applicable international treaties. The person infringing these provisions will be subject to the corresponding legal sanctions. DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS Development for the Rural Sector)
Printed and made in Mexico
Spanish version available in digital format and in print.
2 3
Index
Introduction 7 Mexico receiving station (ERMEX): permanent monitoring of the Maize: positioning Mexico with flying colors 104 Industrial grape 156
2012-2017 Agri-food sector evolution 9 Mexican territory 55 Mango 106 With grapes and wine, we are on the right track 158
Food, agriculture and fisheries information service (SIAP): Safflower 56 Apple 108 Safe products 159
Information that nourishes 10 Barley grain 58 Geo-referenced registers 110 Raisins 160
Mexico: agri-food sector in figures 12 Onion 60 Geo-referenced apple register 111 Blackberry 162
Who generates the agricultural and fisheries production in Mexico? 13 Green Chili 62 Cantaloupe 112 Poultry meat in carcass 166
Agriculture: also women’s business 14 Green or dry chili: for every taste 64 Orange 114 Laying hens: they might not be mother hen, but they do lay the eggs 168
Mexico’s Agricultural Frontier: the field of action of the producer 15 Cauliflower 66 Nopal 116 Feeder calves: valuable input and star product 169
Mexican agri-food products: presence in international markets 16 Copra 68 Nuts 118 Beef in carcass 170
Mexico’s agri-food export sector 17 Vulnerability in agricultural areas: water availability in dams 70 Potato 120 Pork in carcass 172
2018 Agricultural calendar 18 Agro-climatic risks: phenomena that affect production 71 Papaya 122 Overview of Mexican pork exports 174
Agricultural area estimation: What, where and how much is sown 19 Peach 72 Cucumber 124 Table egg 176
Tequila agave 22 Asparagus 74 Pear 126 Bovine milk 178
Avocado 24 Raspberry 76 Pineapple 128 Honey 180
Sesame 26 Strawberry 78 Banana 130 Tuna 184
Green alfalfa 28 Agri-food infrastructure: operational capacity of the sector 80 Banana: tropical fruit of popular consumption 132 Mexican aquaculture 186
Cottonseed 30 Food production for self-consumption: overview 81 One Mexican woman used to sell fruit... 133 Aquaponics 187
Amaranth 32 Bean 82 Rose 134 Shrimp 188
Blueberry 34 Chickpea 84 Watermelon 136 Mexican shrimp: crustacean that generates foreign currency 190
Paddy rice 36 Gerbera 86 Fodder sorghum 138 Shrimp fishing surveillance: Geo-technologies for fisheries management 191
Fodder oats 38 Ornamentals: sharing the beauty of the countryside 88 Grain sorghum 140 Lobster 192
Oat grain 40 Scientific names: definition and importance 89 Soy 142 Bream 194
Eggplant 42 Guava 90 Tobacco 144 Octopus 196
Broccoli 44 Tomato 92 Tomatillo 146 Sardine 198
Cacao 46 Lettuce 94 Organic agriculture in Mexico 148 Acronyms 200
Coffee cherry 48 Lime 96 Agri-food products with designation of origin 149 Glossary 201
Zucchini 50 Lime: a typical match / garnish 98 Grapefruit 150 General information sources 204
Sugarcane 52 Fodder maize 100 Grain wheat 152 Methodological notes 205
Unmanned aerial systems: precision farming 54 Grain maize 102 Table grape 154 Products and tariff codes 206
4 5
Fair, productive, profitable and sustainable
countryside: a fulfilled commitment
Mexico’s countryside and seas are a source of food and wealth, but also of identity and pride. They manifest the natural beauty
of our country, while representing the work of millions of Mexicans who sow, fish and reap their fruits every day. Therefore,
from the beginning of his administration, President Peña Nieto established public policies so that the countryside could have
a new face and follow a path of greater development, progress and, above all, to expand opportunities for men and women
from the rural areas of the country.
The agri-food policy undertaken between 2012 and 2018 is an essential factor for the countryside to be an expression of
progress and prosperity. In these six years, the Mexican agri-food sector has had significant changes that have led it to
consolidate itself as a strategic pillar of the national economy. For the first time in the last four presidential terms, the GDP
derived from primary activities registered an average annual growth of 3%, higher than that of the national economy (with
an annual rate of 2.5%).
The economic dynamism of the agri-food sector and its export boom are the results achieved through a policy of promoting
FOTOGRAFIA PENDIENTE productivity, increasing profitability, strengthening competitiveness and optimizing sustainability. The economic dynamism
of the agri-food sector and its export boom are the results achieved through a policy of promoting productivity, increasing
Baltazar Hinojosa Ochoa profitability, strengthening competitiveness and optimizing sustainability.
Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development,
The emphasis on the shift from subsidies to productive incentives, the technification of irrigation and research and technological
Fishing and Food (SAGARPA).
innovation have been fundamental for the agri-food sector to be the expression of modernity it currently is. Extension programs
and access to technological packages have been essential for the countryside to be an effective productive option and a place
of dignified life for rural producers and their families.
An agri-food policy based on equity, in order to guarantee that small and self-consumption producers receive more resources
per hectare than medium and large ones, has contributed to the generation of more jobs and better incomes in rural areas of
the country. At the same time, it has made possible for many young people from farming communities to take root in their
places of origin, given the possibilities of development they are presented with.
The policy of productive development of the countryside has contributed to Mexico being a leading food producer and exporter.
In 2017, there were 30.7 million tonnes more than in 2012, an increase of 12%, while the value of production increased by 333
billion MXN, 46.6% higher than that obtained in 2012.
The agri-food exports achieved from 2013 to the first quarter of 2018 amounted to 150.284 billion USD, an increase of 56.4%
over the same period of the previous administration, which totaled 96.111. As of 2015, there was a surplus in the agri-food
trade balance, a situation that had not been registered for 23 years.
Agri-food exports of 32.583 billion USD in 2017, represented one of the most important items in terms of foreign exchange
revenue for the country, above the tourism, remittances and oil sectors.
The 2012-2018 Food and Agricultural Atlas shows the productive transformation of the Mexican countryside, reflected in
increasing volumes of agricultural and fishing goods that supply the diet of the domestic population and are also tasted by
diners from more than 160 countries in the world.
That is why, as the popular saying goes, if you are what you eat, there is no doubt that the world is becoming more and more Mexican.
6 7
2012-2017 AGRI-FOOD SECTOR EVOLUTION
2012 2017 Growth 2012 2017 Growth
Agricultural sector In employment:
2.5 %
28 million
Volume* 235 263 tonnes
6.5 million
386,729 468,319 6.7 million
Value**
21.1 %
In exports:
42.9%
Livestock sector
2 million
Volume* 19.1 21.1 tonnes
Value** 317,809 355,532 11.9 % 22.805 billion USD 32.583 billion USD
13th place worldwide 10th place worldwide
• On average, there was a 1.63 billion USD increase each year.

Fisheries sector • A surplus of 5.411 billion USD was achieved in 2017.
0.4 million • In food exports, Mexico's global share went from 1.6% to 2.1%.
Volume* 1.7 2.1 tonnes

Value** 21,640 29,814 37.8 % In primary GDP:
16.2 %
Total
30.4 million
Volume*
255 286 tonnes
Value** 726,178 853,664 12 %
499,516** 580,292**
* Million tonnes
** 2013 constant million MXN.
Source: SIAP.
8 9
FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES INFORMATION SERVICE (SIAP):
Information that nourishes 3. Obtained data
Agricultural: variables such as sown, damaged, and harvested
area, type and variety of crop, modality, productive cycles and yield
In a truthful and timely manner, the SIAP integrates, systematizes and publishes official, 2. Analysis in the subsector.
statistical and geospatial information on the Mexican agri-food sector. This strengthens 1. Integration Specialized professionals in the 4. Coverage
Livestock: live and carcass weight of slaughtered animals and
and promotes the decision-making of the economic operators involved in the production,
distribution and commercialization of the food that comes to our homes day by day. How is the The Cader integrates and releases monthly SIAP analyze, validate, compare, livestock population.
The municipal, state and national
and release information supported
information information to the DDR, which also reviews,
authorizes and channels the state by tools and administrative records
Fisheries: live and landed weight of aquaculture and sea species. information is updated every month and
is available on the SIAP portal. At the end of
of other sources, standards, and
generated? delegation who, in turn, verifies and
provides the SIAP for its subsequent satellite and drones imaging;
In addition: volume, price and value of the production of all
products of the Mexican fields and seas, among others.
each production year, the closure of the
production per cycle is integrated for its
strategic analysis and systematization. among others.
use and diffusion with different
How does it thematic, geographical and
seasonal focuses.
make it possible?
Through the Agri-food Network in the From space
Web (RAW), the logging system installed
in 33 Delegations, 92 Rural Development Geospatial technicians contribute to the integration
Districts (DDR), and 713 Support Centers of strategic agri-food information by developing
for Rural Development (Cader) important projects using geographic information
located throughout systems (GIS), satellite and drones imaging, as well
as GPS technology, the results of which reaffirm the
the country.
statistics generated by the SIAP.
To whom is this
Synergy of the SIAP information useful?
with other parties* To all decision-makers working for the
How is the information generated
By land and sea development of the Mexican countryside
and seas:
Agronomic, livestock and fishing International by the SIAP provided?
technical personnel working in the • Governments of the three levels
Caders visit production units to • Autonomous bodies All the informational materials are disseminated through different
monitor and collect periodic and • International organizations and other means, diversifying the way in which the interested audience can get
substantial information on sowing nations access to them, such as:
and harvesting, livestock and • Producers and companies
fishing activities.
Profile of the National
• Educational and research institutions
• Media
• Food and Agricultural Atlas
• Agro-alimentary infographics by state
specialized staff Product Systems • Independent users • SIAP website
• Sagarpa Produce
• Agronomist • Agri-food Information System (Siacon)
• Zootechnitian • Agri-food sector statistical information bulletins
• Veterinarian • Editorial material
• Economist • Multimedia products
• Geographer • Social networks
• Among others • Fairs and exhibitions
Source: SIAP. *Representative sample with whom there is an agreement.
10 11
MEXICO: agri-food sector in figures WHO GENERATES THE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES
2017 Agricultural and fishing production PRODUCTION IN MEXICO?
Of the 52.9 million Mexicans who work, 6 million do it in agricultural activities, Profiles of agricultural and fishery workers
Infrastructure 777 thousand in raising and exploitation of livestock and 172 thousand in fishing
Mexico has more than 3,000 agricultural warehouses; 1,143 slaughterhouses; 90
wholesale food outlets; 65 fishing ports; 26,727 km of railways; 390,301 km of road and aquaculture. Position at work Educational level*
network and 3,240 dams, of which, 1,504 dams are used exclusively for agriculture. High school and
286 854 college
million billion MXN* Population over 15 years old 9.7%
Incomplete
tonnes 92,043,922 Subordinated Self-employed primary education
Population Economically active and paid workers workers 34.0% Complete
Mexico has 124.1 million inhabitants, of which 9.1 million generate 54,696,638 43.5% 36.5% Complete secondary education
and transform agricultural and fishing goods. Unpaid primary education 26.2%
Employed
1.7% of the world population lives in Mexico. workers 30.0%
52,865,845 14.4%
10th most populated nation in the world. 5.6%
Employers
* The people who did not indicate their education level represent 0.1 percent
Territory
Mexico has 1,964,375 km2 of territorial surface and
3,149,920 km2 of seas. By extension, it is the 13th largest
nation in the world. Workers by sector Income level
27.0% 26.1% 27.0%
24.6 million hectares The convergence of territory, natural resources, animal inventory,
for agriculture infrastructure and labor, allow for national agricultural and fishing Tertiary
production levels that place the country in these ranks: Secondary 31,969,381 11.5% 7.0%
5.9 million people 13,524,988 60.5%
prepared and harvested the land
25.6%
Harvested: 11 in global food production

th
Primary
1.4%
21.6
11thin global production of agricultural crops Workers in
primary activities
7,056,744
13.3%
Up to the
minimum
More than
1 and up
More than
2 and up
More than
5
Does not
receive
Not
indicated
million
hectares 11thin global production of primary livestock Not indicated
wage to 2
minimum
to 5
minimum
minimum
wages
income
109.8 million hectares 17thin global fisheries and aquaculture production Agricultural
314,732
0.6%
wages wages
Gender
for livestock
11 thousand 6,006,521
km of coastline for fishing
786,000 people fed
and took care of the cattle herd 125 thousand Volume Value
hectares for agriculture (tonnes) (billion MXN)*
Raised: 159 thousand Fished: Livestock Fisheries Fisheries
30
21 million 2 million
people caught and
1.7 7.4% 0.7% 3.5%
raised fish million Mexico ranks 18th worldwide by the 88.1%
tonnes
76 thousand number of people employed in the
ships Livestock Agricultural Livestock agricultural, livestock and fisheries
Agricultural 356 468 776,722
41.6% 54.9% sector, where India has the largest
263 million 11.9%
workforce with 215 million workers.
560 34.3 17.2 8.7 8.9 1.9 Raised: 91.9%
million million million million million million 398 * Constants from 2013.
Fisheries Others
birds bovines swine goats sheep hives thousand 171,829 101,672 Source: SIAP with data from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE) and 2017 estimates of the International Labor Organization.
Sources: CONAGUA, CONAPESCA, CONAPO, FAO, INEGI, SCT and SIAP.
tonnes
12 13
AGRICULTURE: also women's business MEXICO'S AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER:
the field of action of the producer
In addition to being an economic activity, agriculture is a form
of cultural identification, a way of life of which women have Active participation of women in the agricultural sector The agricultural activity is a dynamic process, in which
always been part. Nowadays, the trend is to make their
States with the largest monitoring is important to determine variations present
participation more visible, not only as laborers but also as The lands with agricultural vocation are those that have suitable conditions for
number of female producers: in territories that are being or have been used for
producers and heads of business. Oaxaca certain crops regarding texture, moisture retention, depth, climatic conditions and
agriculture; this process is carried out by the SIAP since
The main crop in which Puebla slope; however, if they are abandoned for a long period of time (due to migration,
Chiapas 2012. These areas are known as the Agricultural Frontier. legal tenure problems or if the soils continue at rest), they are no longer included
women participate is maize
Veracruz
grain, with 16% of the total Guerrero within the Agricultural Frontier.
production. Estado de Mexico
Michoacan This geographic input shows the distribution of the agricultural territory of Mexico
Jalisco categorized in irrigation and rain-fed zones; it uses the municipal division of the current
Tlaxcala
Guanajuato geostatistical framework, which allows the user to make queries and tabular relationships of
the information through the keys of state and municipality. The scale that it uses is 1:10,000,
They cultivate 95,000 ha of In the production of fruits, which represents the highest detail ever obtained by any government body until now.
vegetables, mainly dedicated they cultivate over 150,000
to green chili, maize, hectares; mainly mango,
tomatillo and tomato. orange, avocado, lime,
strawberry and watermelon.
Just over 750 thousand women
are producers. They stand out They contribute 18
in crops such as maize, coffee billion MXN in the
and beans, among others. production of cereals.
To update the agricultural frontier, various remote sensing
techniques are used, satellite image processing and fieldwork;
all this, done by specialized personnel located in SAGARPA
delegations, which are distributed throughout the country
International Day of Rural Women (October 15)
Based on this geographic input,

The empowerment Frontera agrícola de México studies such as surfaces that State limits
Agricultural frontier
Concepto
can be harvested by state

Se conoce como frontera agrícola a la zona de división entre las tierras ocupadas con cultivos y aquéllas
of women remains
que nunca antes fueron cultivadas, donde se desarrollan actividades no agrícolas y sólo crece
vegetación natural, que puede ser aprovechada para la caza, la recolección de frutos o alguna otra
actividad.
Sin embargo, las tierras ocupadas por cultivos no son las mismas a través del tiempo, ya que nada
asegura que una misma superficie se siembre año tras año; lo anterior hace que la frontera agrícola sea
un concepto que en materia de superficie sea dinámico y no fijo.
(published in the SIAP website)

La definición más apropiada que ha venido utilizando el SIAP es la siguiente: “la frontera agrícola es el
conjunto de terrenos sembrados más los terrenos que en los últimos cinco años fueron
There are 20 municipalities and mayoralties in which no agricultural activity is carried out.
sembrados y hoy se encuentran en descanso por causas de migración o de fertilidad ”. (Se
a challenge
consideran los últimos 5 años como el tiempo máximo en que los terrenos en descanso puedan
permanecer dentro de la frontera agrícola). Aquí se hace referencia a que esxtie una vocación del suelo
Rural women represent more than a

para fines agrícolas, que se conforma con la superficie que actualmente se encuentra en actividad
agrícola y aquélla que es susceptible de utilizar con dicho fin, por condiciones de suelo, textura,
are carried out; in addition, a

retención de humedad, profundidad, condiciones climáticas, pendiente, etc.
La superficie que ocupa la frontera agrícola es dinámica, pues se reduce en los lugares donde las áreas
urbanas siguen creciendo y ocupando espacios que antes eran rurale;s por el contrario, puede ir
aumentando en aquellos territorios ocupados por coberturas forestales quitando terreno a bosques y
third of the world's population and

selvas y ejerciendo presión sobre esos recursos. No obstante, la tendencia va en el sentido de producir
más alimentos sin ocupar más espacios, lo cual conlleva a ser msá eficientes en la producción.
2017 Distribution of the agricultural area by state

bulletin known as Mexico's
Chihuahua
43% of the agricultural workforce. Síguenos en nuestras redes
sociales: (percentage)
They till the soil and sow the seeds They represent agricultural frontier
Coahuila de Zaragoza
that feed whole nations. In addition, 15% of the usefulness is published.
they guarantee the food security of
Sonora
total producers
Veracruz de Ignacio de la Lave

their communities.
nationwide
Durango
Baja California Sur
Baja California
Source: U.N.
Oaxaca
Tamaulipas
San Luis Potosi

Zacatecas
Chiapas
Nuevo Leon
Jalisco
Michoacan
Campeche
Guerrero
Quintana Roo
Sinaloa
1% Estado de Mexico
Guanajuato
At the municipal level, San Fernando Tamaulipas
Yucatan
Puebla
registers the largest agricultural area in the country,
1% Tabasco
1% Hidalgo
1% Nayarit
1% Others
with 252,780 hectares.
13%
2%
2%
2%
2%
9%
8%
6%
5%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
Source: SIAP. Percentage of share
Source: SIAP.
14 15
MEXICAN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS: MEXICO'S AGRI-FOOD EXPORT SECTOR
presence in international markets Mexico is among the nations that export more products from their fields and waters; their Annual agri-food foreign trade
variety and quality have contributed to the country becoming an exporting power. (million USD)
The existence of a network of 11 Free Trade Agreements with 46 countries
and a potential market for 1.471 billion people, encourage the search for new
opportunities and better conditions for the sale of agricultural, livestock and fisheries
products from Mexico in international markets. Contribution to world agri-food exports
.
1993 2016
27,172
32,583
25,796
28,971
25,753
26,714
67.7% of the total foreign income for the sale of Mexican agri-food products corresponds to
27,774
22,805
99.0% 97.9%
20 products with the greatest commercial value.
20,064
14,885
5,411
11,659
3,175
7,127
7,817
8,308
2017 Mexico’s main agri-food markets 960
3,768
(million USD) -690
1.0% 2.1% -3,351
-5,178 -4,969
th
6 Netherlands 1997 2002 2007 2012 2015 2016 2017
289
th
15 Belgium Trade flows Trade balance
3,201 141
3rd Canada 11th United Kingdom Exports Imports Surplus Deficit
910 184 10th Germany
205
1st United States 8th Spain 12th France For the third consecutive year, the agri-food trade balance reports
25,738
16th Cuba
272 181 5th China
294
2nd Japan
963
Mexico
10th a surplus, which reached 5.411 billion USD; the highest
positive balance since 1993.
135 18th Costa Rica Rest of the world Exporter
132 13th Hong Kong
7th Guatemala 14th Vietnam 167
283 4th Venezuela 156
20th El Salvador 857 The dynamism of the agri-food exporter sector in Mexico, and the level reached in
129
9th Colombia the international sales of its products during 2017, allowed the country to
2,106 228 2017 Agri-food exports and types of goods obtain 32.583 billion USD in income that exceeds those recorded by remittances,
19th Peru
129
those received from the sale of oil or those derived from foreign tourism.
Leadership in
1,777 Beer
17th Chile international markets Tomato
133
Tequila Avocado
Confectionery Nuts Chili
Sugar Strawberry
1,340 Agricultural Cucumber
Chickpea 2017 Foreign income by product
1,187 2017 Main agri-food products exported Bread 14.027 billion USD Growthtial (million USD)
(million USD) Agro-industrials 43.1% poten
1,040
Chocolate 16.609 billion Onion
Cauliflower and broccoli
USD 50.9% Livestock and Family remittances
beekeeping 929
774 Sauces, seasonings Fisheries million USD
28,771
Mango
682 676 665 and condiments
645
590
1.017 billion 2.9%
Confectionery
563 545 540 USD 3.1%

Orange juice
513 511 Leadership in Watermelon
Asparragus
466 460 l
Cucumber
tentia
Chocolate
Pork meat
international markets
Avocado
po
Tomato
Cookies
Tequila
Shrimp
Berries
rowth Banana
Cattle
Sugar
Lime G Oil exports

Nuts
Beer
Beef
Chili
Bovines Pineapple
Shrimp
23,608
Honey
Tuna Lettuce
Pastas tial
poten
Orange Lobster Powdered
Ranking Mexico in the value of world exports: juice
Pork Growth honey
Crab
1st 1st 4th 1st 1st 14th 2nd 5th 4th 3rd 7th 11th 6th 17th 2nd 5th 2nd 3rd 14th 2nd Preserved Beef
fruits Oysters
Sardine Foreign tourism
Participation
21.2% 48.3% 10.6% 24.1% 31.3% 2.4% 17.2% 5.8% 8.3% 7.9% 2.7% 2.4% 5.4% 1.2% 18.0% 6.3% 13.0% 15.6% 1.4% 23.9%
Note: Beef includes edible offal; berries include cranberry, raspberry, strawberry and blackberry. The rank and participation for tomato refer to the total of tomatoes; and of tequila, to total drinks from agave. $MM: Million USD.
21,333
The ranking and participation refer to the year 2016. Source: SIAP with figures from the Bank of Mexico, World Trade Organization and SAT-General Administration of Customs.
Source: SIAP with data from the Bank of Mexico, the UN, the WTO and the Ministry of Economy.
16 17
2018 AGRICULTURAL CALENDAR AGRICULTURAL AREA ESTIMATION :
what, where and how much is sown
2017 2018 2019 The SIAP, through high-resolution images, remote sensing methods,
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Georeferenced information was
collected from 22,585 parcels
3,163 satellite images were used, equivalent to 5.8 times
the continental surface of Mexico.
trained personnel, identifies what, where and how much grain maize, bean,
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar grain sorghum and grain wheat are sown in Mexican territory. and a collection of 40 thousand
geo-field photos was generated.
2018 We worked with satellite
2017/2018 Spring-Summer
Harvest
2018/2019 images of the SPOT-6 SPOT-6 image of March 4, 2018, Valle
Autumn- Spring-Summer and 7 sensors. Hermoso, Tamaulipas
Winter Harvest 2017/2018 Harvest

Autumn-Winter Harvest
The work was carried out in the
Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter 32 states and 1,731
municipalities.
Sown area
Cultivation of grain sorghum at plot level
in the municipality of San Fernando,
Grain wheat crop at plot level in the Tamaulipas.
municipality of Ahome, Sinaloa.
0.9 million hectares

of grain sorghum
were identified Cultivation of corn grain at plot level in
the municipality of Villamar, Michoacan.
0.1 million hectares
of grain wheat were
located
Map key
Grain maize
Agricultural year: Period of 18 months that includes the sowings and harvests made during the agricultural cycles Bean
Grain Sorghum
(Autumn-Winter. + Spring-Summer + Perennial). 6.8 million hectares
Grain wheat
Cultivation of beans at plot level in the of grain maize were
municipality of Guadalupe Victoria,
Durango. identified
Cyclical crops: Those whose vegetative period is less than 12 Perennial: Defines long-cycle crops, whose vegetative period
months and that require a new sowing to obtain harvests. These extends beyond 12 months; once the plantation is established,
are concentrated in two productive periods: Spring-Summer and several crops are obtained. For administrative records, these
Autumn-Winter. are considered from January to December.
A sown area of 1.6
million hectares of bean
was estimated
Note: Agricultural statistics in Mexico integrate the production of cyclical and perennial crops. Source: SIAP.
Source: SIAP.
18 19
20
Agricultural Subsector 21
Tequila
Tequila Agave
The national harvest of agave cores (piñas) in 2017 was 167,000 tonnes 2012-2017 Foreign trade
lower than the previous year, mainly due to a lower harvested area and a Variation (%) 2012-2017
fall in the yield of the leading state in this agro-industrial crop. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Volume 0 188,580 188,580 NA 20.7
Percentage of the production value by state thousand liters
2012-2017 National production volume
2012-2017 Foreign trade Value
0 1,340 1,340 NA 56.0
(thousand tonnes) Of the agroindustrial products that Mexico exports, tequila ranks second for the economic value million USD
The value of the national that its sales report: 1.34 billion USD in 2017. Does not apply Increase
Trend
Tendencia production of tequila agave in
1,879 2017 was 14.114 billion MXN,
Commercial origin-destination
of which 82.6% corresponds to
The exports of the Mexican distillate are sold in 100 countries, distributed in all continents, and
Average
Promedio
farmers from Jalisco.
the purchases made by the United States are the most relevant: 152.4 million liters in 2017.
1,456
1,086,511,978*
There are 29 nations that
USA make sporadic purchases
Spain
España Japan
Japón
of the Mexican drink;
Guanajuato
Malta and Luxembourg
10.4 stand out as candidates
1,493
1,281
1,426
1,653
2,191
1,642
1,668
1,501
858
848
Nayarit to achieve greater sales.

2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 3.0
Top 10 in production volume Jalisco

Main producing states 82.6
* USD
Volume (tonnes) Variation (%)
Rank State 2012-2017
2012 2017
National total 1,426,210 1,501,081 5.2 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
(Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
1 Jalisco 1,194,936 1,126,361 -5.7
2 Guanajuato 37,630 256,620 582
3 Michoacan 4,375 36,335 731 Agave tequilana Weber, also known as blue agave, grows a core
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
4 Nayarit 118,854 35,398 -70.2 or piña that can reach up to 45 kilograms before being used for
5 Zacatecas 40,536 16,278 -59.8 distillation. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
6 Tamaulipas 16,760 14,826 -11.5
1,000 to 2,200 600 to 1,800 mm 5 to 22 °C It develops in soils of medium texture, such as
7 Estado de Mexico 7,631 11,416 49.6
8 Sinaloa 2,500 2,840 13.6
Share in the national MASL annually 11 to 21 °C clay-loam or sandy-loamy soils, even in highly sloped
production of agroindustrials 1,340 optimal nocturnal terrains.
9 Guerrero 1,330 828 -37.8
10 Morelos 0 178 NA
2012-2017 Indicators 1,203
1,172 1,187
Rest 1,658 0 -100 100%
Average
Area Volume Value Yield rural price 997 Due to their geographical conditions,
there are regions of the Altiplano
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million 859
Tonnes MXN 831 and northeastern Mexico with high
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 748
698 potential to produce agave.
87 NA 17 1,501 14,114 85.8 9,403 617
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 -6.5 NA -4.4 -10.0 75.3 -5.8 94.7
AAGR
2012-2017 -5.4 NA 1.9 1.0 50.6 -0.9 49.1 2.6% 2.4%
Increase Decrease Does not apply 2012 2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
National monthly production (%)
During the year, there are two periods of maximum harvest of the tequila agave core: from February to May and from August to December. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
3.5 8.7 7.5 6.9 6.2 4.8 3.6 7.7 6.9 10.3 11.6 22.3 Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December
6.4 6.9 9.1 7.8 8.3 8.9 8.5 8.9 8.4 9.5 9.6 7.7
Exports Agave production potential
22 23
Avocado
Avocado World ranking The Mexican production of avocado is
Mexico a referent of quality and productivity
2012 2017 internationally. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, just over 2.029 million tonnes of avocado were harvested. The states
with the highest harvest volumes are: Michoacan, Jalisco, Estado de Mexico,
Nayarit and Morelos; together, they account for 95% of the total production of
1 st world
producer 1 st world
producer Dominican Republic contributes with
one in ten tonnes of avocado that are
Variation (%) 2012-2017
Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
harvested in the world.
the country. 1,316,104 tonnes 2,029,886 tonnes Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 1,099 1,003,002 1,001,903 681 79.9
Value
(thousand tonnes) 82.7% of the value of the 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 2.9 2,961 2,958.1 2,079 193
Trend
Tendencia
Mexico continues to strengthen its global export leadership for this fruit. The economic amount derived from
1,997 national production of this Increase
fruit corresponds to Michoacan; its foreign sales places it as the second Mexican product generating the most foreign income to the country.
however, Jalisco and Estado de
Average
Promedio Mexico showed great dynamism Commercial origin-destination
1,463 in the volume as well. Four out of every five USD that Mexico obtains in foreign currency for the sale of avocado come from the
United States, although in the last six years the countries to which Mexico exports this product have doubled.
Canada
Canadá
750 2,349,858,889*
USA
Japan
Japón
With foreign purchases of
Estado de around 15,000 annual tonnes,
1,162
1,231
1,107
1,264
1,316
1,468
1,521
1,644
1,889
2,030
Mexico
4.5 Denmark, Finland, Norway
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 and Sweden are prospects for
0
the commercialization of the
Jalisco
Mexican fruit.
Top 10 in production volume 7.0
Main producing states
Volume (tonnes) Michoacan
Rank State Variation (%) 82.7
2012 2017 2012-2017 * USD
National total 1,316,104 2,029,886 54.2
1 Michoacan 1,117,338 1,565,896 40.1 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
2 Jalisco 40,846 169,688 315
3 Estado de Mexico 28,766 108,768 278
4 Nayarit 29,178 49,246 68.8 The Hass avocado (the most preferred variety in Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Morelos 35,542 34,846 -2.0 the world) is the result of a hybrid obtained from a
6 Guerrero 14,784 23,586 59.5 Mexican and a Guatemalan varieties. 2,961
Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 Puebla 12,015 16,842 40.2 2,317 1,600 to 2,200 1,050 to 1,150 15 to 19 °C Permeable and deep sandy-loamy soil, free of
8 Chiapas 6,148 12,009 95.3 MASL mm calcareous and chlorides, pH of 6.0 - 7.5
9 Yucatan 11,431 10,772 -5.8 Share in the national 1,920
10 Oaxaca 4,164 9,097 118 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits
Rest 15,892 29,137 83.3
100% 1,623
Average
Area Volume Value Yield
Annual per capita consumption rural price The places of production of
Sown Lost Harvested
this fruit in the country match
Thousand Million Tonnes MXN
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne
1,270 the zones of high production
Thousand hectares
potential, reason why they are
218 NA 189 2,030 39,706 10.8 19,561 951 consistent with the zones that
1,010
760 offer greater yields.
Variations %
7.0 9.0
Annual
2016-2017 6.5 NA 4.5 7.4 31.2 2.8 22.1
8.0 kg
666
AAGR
7.7 NA 7.7 9.1 19.0 1.3 9.2 609
2012-2017 7.5% 9.1% 4.3 3.3 2.9
Increase Does not apply 2012 2017 0.1 0.00002 0.1 2.3 0.1 0 1.3 Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
Mostly available Moderately available
The avocado harvest carried out in the different producing latitudes of the country allows generating a homogeneous volume during the year. Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)
6.0 10.2 11.2 7.7 8.8 9.5 8.2 8.5 6.9 8.0 7.9 7.1 Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 23.4 34.8 19.0 15.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 10.4 8.4 9.6 7.6 8.1 5.8 6.3 7.0 6.7 8.9 10.2 11.0 Avocado production potential
24 25
Sesame
Sesame World ranking Mexican farmers generate one out
Mexico of every 100 tonnes of sesame seed in
2012 2017 the world. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
The national production of this oilseed was 7.7% lower than in 2016.
Nine out of 10 kilograms obtained in the country are harvested 17 th world
producer 15 th world
producer The largest sesame crops are obtained Variation (%) 2012-2017
during the Spring-Summer cycle. in Tanzania, leading producing Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
country, with 15.4% of the total
41,953 tonnes 54,824 tonnes global volume. Volume
2012-2017 National production volume Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 28,908 10,172 -18,736 77.1 73.6
(thousand tonnes) 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value
28.8 21 -7.8 35.1 43
million USD
The Mexican foreign trade of this oilseed has a duality, it registers imported and exported
Trend
Tendencia The main producing states of this grain volumes. In purchases, traditional crop seeds are acquired and in sales, organic crops are Increase
64 are Sinaloa, Guerrero, Oaxaca and harvested.
55.0 Michoacan; they contribute 88.7% of
Average
Promedio the value generated by its sales. Commercial origin-destination
45 In 2012, Mexico imported the seed from eight nations and exported it to 34. Six years later,
the numbers are 13 and 36, respectively. 34.1% of national purchases of this seed come from
Venezuela, while 27.2% of sales were made to the United States.
27.5
Netherlands
Países Bajos
The largest importers of sesame
5,745,982*
USA seed in the world are China,
Sinaloa Japan, Turkey and South Korea;
34
29
37
41
42
42
65
52
59
55
Japan
Japón
38.0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
each one spends at least 100,000
0.0
USD for their foreign acquisition
every year.
Top 10 in production volume
2012 2017 Michoacan
National total 41,953 54,824 30.7 13.9
1 Sinaloa 15,141 21,013 38.8 Guerrero * USD
2 Guerrero 9,776 14,411 47.4 25.2
3 Michoacan 3,304 7,192 118 Supplier
Buyer Main Importer and Exporter
4 Oaxaca 4,991 6,074 21.7 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Chiapas 4,649 3,842 -17.4 In the book “The Thousand and One Nights” the phrase “open sesame” Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Veracruz 206 719 250 is mentioned for the first time in literature, which refers to the
7 Jalisco 676 639 -5.4 property of the ripe fruit of the sesame plant to open with just a touch. Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Sonora 3,040 609 -80.0 0 to 600 450 to 650 25 to 27°C Feasible on soils with medium to heavy texture of
9 Tamaulipas 168 122 -27.4 MASL mm medium depth, pH of 5.5 - 8.0
10 Puebla 0 90 NA Share in the national 37.0 36.4
Rest 2 114 7,525 2012-2017 Indicators production of oilseeds
100%
Average The production of this crop is
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price developed in regions with the
28.8
Sown Lost Harvested 26.1 25.5 appropriate environmental
Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 24.4 25.6
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 23.7 22.1 conditions; for this reason, its
Thousand hectares
24.9
78 2 76 55 882 0.7 16,091 22.5 22.3
highest production is located
19.5 21.3 22.7
21.0 precisely there.
Variations %
0.5 0.7
Annual
2016-2017 -15.7 -22.1 -15.5 -7.7 -4.2 9.2 3.9 14.7
17.2
0.6 kg
16.4
AAGR
3.6 -21.5 5.3 5.5 8.7 0.2 3.1
2012-2017 6.3% 8.2% 14.0
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
National monthly production (%) Imports
The highest volumes harvested of this grain are obtained between November and January. Mostly available Least or not available
22.3 4.3 2.5 3.0 2.7 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 2.0 34.3 26.5 Imports 6.3 4.6 5.8 5.6 11.8 14.1 11.9 14.1 7.8 8.6 4.6 4.8
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports
6.5 11.2 9.6 8.9 8.8 7.4 9.1 9.7 5.6 8.5 7.4 7.3 Sesame production potential
26 27
Green Alfalfa
Green Alfalfa
The average annual national production in the last 10 years is of 30.95 2012-2017 Foreign trade
million tonnes, which allows to complement the different requirements Variation (%) 2012-2017
of fodder for the Mexican cattle herd. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Volume 4,354 38,310 33,956 -26 9
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes
(thousand tonnes) Value 0.389 11.7 11.3 -76.1 83
million USD
Trend
Tendencia
Chihuahua 2012-2017 Foreign trade
20.1 Chihuahua is the leading national
35000 34,044 Mexico has a large cattle herd, which demands a continuous volume of fresh fodders. The national Decrease Increase
producer of this fodder; it has the agriculture has the capacity to produce most of them and even generate a surplus in the volume of
largest sowing area for cultivation: alfalfa for its foreign sale.
Average
Promedio 86,140 hectares in 2017. The sale of
30,950 alfalfa generated 3.395 billion MXN Commercial origin-destination
to producers. Domestic forage exports were marketed mainly with the United States and the United Arab Emirates,
17500 which respectively acquired 89.2% and 10% of the volume. In 2017, there were five destination
countries for this Mexican fodder, one more than the number registered in 2012.
Japan, China and South Korea are the

29,342
29,495
29,111
28,248
31,020
31,271
31,538
32,575
33,120
33,786
nations with the largest purchases

10,288,195* of fodder from other countries.
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 USA
Durango The Mexican sale of this plant has
9.0 Guanajuato potential in pellets and flour.
13.4 United Arab Emirates
Emiratos Árabes Unidos

Colombia
2012 2017
National total 31,019,937 33,785,861 8.9
1 Chihuahua 6,104,083 7,653,744 25.4
2 Hidalgo 4,624,331 4,607,135 -0.4 * USD
3 Guanajuato 3,595,989 3,575,703 -0.6
4 Durango 2,449,185 2,669,451 9.0 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Baja California 2,013,920 2,486,175 23.4 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
6 Sonora 2,088,051 1,927,180 -7.7 An alfalfa plant can be harvested for four to Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 San Luis Potosi 1,569,348 1,865,003 18.8 six years on average. 0 to 600 600 to 1,200 14.5 to 22.5 °C It requires deep and well-drained soils,
8 Coahuila 1,729,325 1,698,982 -1.8 MASL mm pH of 6.5 - 7.5
9 Puebla 1,309,905 1,501,133 14.6 Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
10 Zacatecas 856,869 1,302,521 52.0 Share in the national
Rest 4,678,930 4,498,834 -3.8
2012-2017 Indicators Due to the great adaptability of
production of fodders 15.4
this plant species, it is possible to
100% cultivate it in places that do not
Average 12.4
Area Volume Value Yield 11.5
rural price 11.3
11.9 11.7 necessarily have the optimum
Sown Lost Harvested conditions for its growth; such
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne is the case of the north of the
Thousand hectares
6.4 country, where the highest
386 NA 385 33,786 16,879 87.7 500 volume of production of this
6.9 fodder is harvested.
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 -0.4 NA -0.4 2.0 5.1 2.4 3.0
AAGR
-0.3 NA -0.1 1.7 2.2 1.9 0.5
2012-2017 26.7% 27.3% 0.09
0.975 0.19
0.164
1.631
0.008 0.01 0.152 0.105 0.389
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0.3 0.2
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Between May and September, 55.8% of the annual volume is harvested. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
4.7 7.0 8.9 9.7 11.4 11.5 11.3 11.2 10.4 3.9 5.1 4.9 Imports 46.5 35.9 6.7 2.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 1.9 0.0 0.2
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 1.6 1.2 1.7 4.6 11.5 16.4 7.5 26.1 11.0 5.5 3.1 9.8 Alfalfa production potential
28 29
Cottonseed
Cottonseed World ranking Mexico harvests one in every 100
Mexico kilograms produced of this agro-
2012 2017 industrial crop worldwide. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, the significant increase in the area planted with cotton in
the six states with the crop, allowed for an increase by 103% in the
harvest over the previous year.
11 th world
producer With a contribution of 24.5% to the
global volume, China is the leading
Variation (%) 2012-2017
producer of cottonseed.
668,662 tonnes 1,009,103 tonnes Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 148,937 3,039 -145,898 24.2 139
(thousand tonnes) Value
30.9 0.888 -30.012 -23.2 80.3
2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD
Trend Chihuahua
Tendencia
73.7 The cultivation of cotton is carried The Mexican oil industry demands a continuous supply of cottonseed, which it meets with internal Increase Decrease
900
880 Coahuila out in the northern states of the volumes and with those acquired from other producing countries.
6.9
country; among them Chihuahua,
which stands out because its Commercial origin-destination
Average
Promedio Factors associated with the geographical proximity of the harvest and consumption areas influence the
604 Baja California production generates seven out
12.3 of every 10 MXN of the sale of this United States to be Mexico’s only supplier of this crop.
agricultural good.
888,360*
1,009
USA
365
279
440
746
669
587
862
593
488
South Korea is the target market for

2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 the foreign sale of this seed; this nation
acquires more than 170,000 tonnes of
this agricultural good each year.
Top in production volume
2012 2017
* USD
National total 668,662 1,009,103 50.9
1 Chihuahua 355,037 708,332 99.5
2 Baja California 152,570 145,176 -4.8 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
3 Coahuila 75,290 81,926 8.8 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Tamaulipas 6,105 32,209 428
5 Sonora 58,897 27,998 -52.5
Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
In one hectare of high density cotton cultivation, between
6 Durango 15,897 13,462 -15.3 100,000 and 120,000 plants are sown. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 Sinaloa 4,866 0 -100 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Between 0 and 700 to 1,300 20 to 30 °C Fertile soils of sandy-loamy to clay-loamy textures,
500 MASL mm pH between 5.5 and 8.0
Share in the national 55.5
2012-2017 Indicators production of agroindustrials 48.6
100% 42.9
Area Volume Value Yield Average 40.2
rural price The sowing of cotton is
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN
30.9 carried out in regions with
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 27.2 35.6 ideal conditions, located
28.4 mainly in the northern
212 0.1 212 1,009 12,366 4.8 12,254 24.6 states of the country.
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 102.7 -54.2 103.0 106.8 92.3 1.9 -7.0 7
AAGR
6.4 -28.4 6.5 8.6 15.9 2.0 6.7
2012-2017 1.2% 1.6% 0 0.01 0.044 0.896 0.493 0.522 0.983 4.013 3.145 0.888
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The highest volume of the national harvest of cottonseed is obtained during the October-January period. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
23.0 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.1 3.5 8.6 26.6 34.5 Imports 5.2 2.2 2.4 3.0 4.8 4.7 7.4 22.7 21.2 13.7 8.9 3.8
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 12.0 22.9 23.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.9 Cotton production potential
30 31
Amaranth
Amaranth
Its production during the 2012-2017 period increased at an average annual 2012-2017 Foreign trade
rate of 3.3%. This rhythm is attributed to higher yields in the states with the Variation (%) 2012-2017
crop; mainly in Puebla. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Volume 18 65 47 44,339 272
2012-2017 National production volume Percentage of the production value by state tonnes

51 241 190 14,367 507
thousand USD
2012-2017 Foreign trade
Six states planted the cereal The competitive prices at which the traditional Mexican cereal is sold in the foreign market generate an Increase
9 during 2017, including Tlaxcala increasing amount of foreign currency. In 2017, it reached its historical maximum.
Trend
Tendencia and Puebla, with a harvest
7 monetary value of 15.854 and Commercial origin-destination
Average
Promedio 15.679 million MXN, respectively. The United States is the main destination of amaranth’s foreign sales, with purchases representing
5 60.6% of the total volume exported. In 2012, the cereal was sold in eight countries, and in 2017, in ten.
Chile and Italy make
incipient acquisitions of
Mexican amaranth, countries
165,063* Italy
Italia with which the sale of the
USA cereal could be increased.
4
2008 2009 2010 2011

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Tlaxcala
34.5
Top in production volume Puebla

Producing states 34.1 Chile

2012 2017
* USD
National total 4,279 5,025 17.4
Estado de
1 Puebla 2,887 2,781 -3.7 Mexico
2 Tlaxcala 499 1,118 124 21.1 Supplier
Buyer Main Importer and Exporter
3 Estado de Mexico 362 871 141 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Mexico City 157 140 -11.0
5 Oaxaca 0 108 NA
Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Morelos 372 7 -98.1 There are two ways in which the traditional Mexican cereal
7 Queretaro 1 0 -100 is cultivated: transplant planting and direct sowing. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
241
0 to 2,800 400 to 1,000 17 to 30 °C Well-drained soils, lithosols, vertisols, luvisols,
MASL mm acrisols, regosols and andisols, pH of 7.0 - 8.0
Share in the national
2012-2017 Indicators production of grains
100%
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield Average Amaranth’s qualities of
rural price adaptation to adverse
132
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN conditions allow its
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne development in various
87.1 86 89 88.2
3 0 3 5 46 1.6 9,158 circumstances of soil,
humidity and temperature.
Variations %
3.9 4.1 Annual

-29.8 NA -29.8 -17.0 -25.3 18.2 -10.0 51
4.0 g
2016-2017 39.7
30 30
AAGR
2012-2017 -0.9 -100.0 -0.6 3.3 10.9 3.9 7.4 0.1% 0.1% 19.9
3.4 2.1
2017 0 3 0.4
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 0.02 0 0 0.3
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The harvest of this cereal takes place between October and February, with the largest volume being obtained in December. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
17.9 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 13.8 23.5 36.3 Imports 88.2 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 8.1 1.9 16.1 6.6 1.2 9.4 4.1 6.1 12.4 19.4 1.6 13.1 Amaranth production potential
32 33
Blueberry
Blueberry World ranking Blueberry producing countries generate
Mexico an annual volume larger than 552,000
In Mexico, blueberry is known as “blue cranberry”, which would be the only
2012 2017 tonnes; Mexico contributes 5.3% of that 2012-2017 Foreign trade
“cranberry” that actually grows there. The significant increase in its volume
is due to a larger planting area and to the improvement in its yields.
6 th world
producer 3 rd world
producer
amount.
There are 15 countries in the world where

Variation (%) 2012-2017
this berry is harvested. The United
Percentage of the production value by state 7,191 tonnes 36,700 tonnes Volume
States stands out with a volume that
tonnes 1,585 26,121 24,536 -28.9 493
2012 - 2017 National production volume Baja California
represents 48% of the total.
(thousand tonnes) 20.8
5.2 231 225.8 -49.9 560
million USD
Trend
Tendencia
In 2017, the national volume The continuous increase of blueberry harvest in Mexico is directly linked to the growing international
34 of this small fruit generated a demand. In 2017, the national exported volume of these berries reported a historical high of Increase Decrease
revenue of 2.15 billion MXN for the 26,121 tonnes.

farmers, of which 0.856 correspond
9
to Michoacan, the leading state by
value.
Taste, quality and price converge in the success of blueberry exports from Mexico. The number of destinations
doubled in six years, going from 18 to 30 countries. 95.4% of the volume is sold to the USA market. The United Kingdom is the third
Average
Promedio largest importer; in 2017, it bought
13 45,000 tonnes of blueberry, for
which it paid 339 million USD.
There is an opportunity for Mexican
216,972,081*
USA blueberry in that country.
0.2
Japan
10
18
15
29
37
Japón
2
2008 2009 2010 2011

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Singapore
Singapur
Top in production volume Jalisco

24.4
2012 2017 Michoacan
National total 7,191 36,700 410 39.8
1 Jalisco 3,984 14,563 266
2 Michoacan 571 8,861 1,451
Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
3 Sinaloa 155 6,149 3,860 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Baja California 894 3,380 278
For the optimal production of this berry, it is recommended to Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Colima 1,319 2,638 100
sow the plants at a distance of 1.5 meters; therefore, a density Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
6 Puebla 237 885 273
7 Estado de Mexico 13 146 1,055 of up to 6,000 units per hectare is possible. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Sonora 17 72 324 600 to 2,500 800 to 1,200 16 to 25 °C Soils of light texture, with good drainage,
9 Guanajuato 0 6 NA
231
MASL mm pH between 4.5 and 5.5
188
2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits
100%
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield Average The cultivated varieties require
rural price low temperatures for a variable
121
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN period. Currently, there are
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne areas with high potential for
85
4 NA 3 37 2,150 11.0 58,589 this crop in the center and
south of the country that are
Variations %
97 99
Annual
2016-2017 13.6 NA 13.2 26.3 30.1 11.6 3.0 35
42 not being exploited.
98 g
16
AAGR
25.9 NA 30.4 38.5 46.5 6.2 5.7 11.2
2012-2017
Increase Does not apply
0.1% 0.2% 4.5
1
6
2 8 11.2 10.3 5.9 9.6 7.4 5.3 5.2
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The maximum harvest volume of the berry is obtained at the end of the year. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
7.3 8.6 8.6 6.7 8.3 8.8 3.4 8.3 3.1 4.7 11.7 20.5 Imports 8.3 5.3 9.4 4.1 10.5 9.3 9.5 12.4 9.5 6.9 7.6 7.2
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 7.2 8.5 19.4 21.9 17.0 3.3 0.9 0.4 0.8 3.4 7.5 9.7 Blueberry production potential
34 35
Polished Rice
Paddy Rice World ranking There are 118 countries in the world that
Mexico grow rice; among them Mexico, who has
2012 2017 yields above the international average. 2012 - 2017 Foreign trade
Between 2012 and 2017, the Mexican production of this cereal showed
an average growth rate of 8.2%, which allowed the participation of the
national volume to continue increasing its share of domestic consumption.
68 th world
producer China allocates more than 3 million
hectares to the cultivation of this cereal,
Variation (%) 2012-2017
which allows it to obtain the largest
178,787 tonnes 265,567 tonnes Volume 1,182,243
Percentage of the production value by state volume of the grain on the planet.
tonnes 88,149 -1,094,094 39.3 5,336
395 51.6 -343.4 10.5 3,187
million USD
2012 - 2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, 12 states cultivated Seven out of 10 tonnes of the national grain supply are purchased from other nations. In 2017, an Increase
Trend
Tendencia rice; among them Campeche upturn was observed, both in the imported and in the exported volumes.
242 and Nayarit, which stand out
for the harvested volume
225 and value. There were nine nations of origin for the rice that Mexico imported in 2012 and 2017; in the national
Promedio
Average exports, the territories of destination went from five to thirteen in the aforementioned years.
222
The annual world volume of rice
232
236
224
263
217
173
179
180
254
266
imports amounts to 38 million

2008 2009 2010 20110 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 tonnes. Mexico could diversify
USA
Estados Unidos
the commerce of this grain to
Veracruz 43,957,827* South American countries.
11.4 Venezuela
Nayarit Colombia
Campeche

2012 2017
National total 178,787 265,567 48.5
1 Campeche 32,596 70,389 116 * USD
2 Nayarit 37,007 65,529 77.1
3 Michoacan 35,528 29,966 -15.7
4 Veracruz 16,107 27,820 72.7 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Colima 17,501 18,940 8.2 Rice is the second most produced cereal Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Jalisco 12,535 13,467 7.4 worldwide, due to its importance for human
diet in many parts of the orb.
7 Morelos 14,029 13,066 -6.9 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Tabasco 6,276 11,508 83.4 0 to 100 1,000 to 1,900 25 to 33 °C Preferably non-calcareous soils, with depth of
9 Tamaulipas 3,762 10,922 190 MASL mm more than 60 cm, pH of 5.2 - 8.0
10 Guerrero 1,376 2,589 88.2 Share in the national 423
Rest 2,070 1,371 -33.8 2012-2017 Indicators production of grains 395
359 358 The best yields of this crop come
100% 387
Average 310 360 from areas classified as having
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price 336 high production potential;
316 314
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN however, states such as Yucatan,
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne Chiapas and Guerrero present
42 0.4 42 266 1,094 6.4 4,120 favorable conditions for its
production and have not been
Variations %
10.2 10.4 Annual

1.2 763.4 0.4 4.5 12.1 4.2 7.3 yet exploited.
10.3 kg
2016-2017
51.6
AAGR
5.1 -16.3 5.5 8.2 10.1 2.6 1.8
2012-2017 0.7% 0.8% 6 3.9 3.5 1.7 1.6 5.3 2 2.3 4.4
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Imports
One third of the volume of this cereal grown in Mexico is obtained in November. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
5.6 3.6 2.9 1.6 2.5 10.5 3.4 8.1 6.7 8.5 31.6 15.0 Imports 7.5 8.6 8.4 7.7 8.7 6.3 8.6 8.8 8.4 8.5 11.5 7.0
6.7 12.7 13.4 9.9 8.7 7.6 14.5 7.9 5.8 3.4 6.9 2.5 Paddy rice production potential
36 37
Fodder Oats
Fodder Oats
There was a decrease in the area planted in 14 of the 23 states that 2012-2017 Foreign trade
cultivated fodder oats during 2017. Variation (%) 2012-2017
Volume 1,474 659 -815 20.1 45.4
(thousand tonnes) The largest amount of this Value
390 134 -256 -14.4 20.8
thousand USD
Chihuahua fodder harvested in the 2012-2017 Foreign trade
14000 22.6 country is obtained from the The Mexican international trade of fodder oats during 2017 showed a decrease in both the Increase Decrease
Average
Promedio fields of Chihuahua; the sale flows corresponding to purchases and sales.
10,033 of this volume generates Commercial origin-destination
Trend 1.162 billion MXN. Mexican foreign trade of fodder oats is generally carried out with the United States of America.
Tendencia
7000
9,960
The international trade of this
fodder is insignificant; foreign sales
are made between nations with
11,022
10,600
10,015
10,903
11,168
10,838
10,476
6,266
9,362
9,683
geographical proximity between

133,832* producing areas and livestock.
2008 2009 2010 20110 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Durango USA
19.7

Volume (tonnes) Zacatecas
2012 2017 2012-2017
National total 10,903,361 9,682,821 -11.2
1 Chihuahua 2,934,535 2,283,072 -22.2 * USD
2 Durango 1,949,280 1,874,179 -3.9
3 Zacatecas 967,597 1,114,065 15.1
4 Estado de Mexico 1,516,188 1,002,540 -33.9 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
“Chihuahua” and “Cuauhtemoc” are the names of the (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Coahuila 507,093 561,345 10.7 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Hidalgo 484,939 470,356 -3.0 seed varieties used the most by farmers of the state that
7 Michoacan 367,629 444,948 21.0 produces the largest amount of this fodder. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Guanajuato 381,494 375,892 -1.5 1,000 to 3,000 400 to 1,300 12 to 17 °C Clay or clay-loamy soils with water retention,
9 Jalisco 253,817 338,224 33.3 MASL mm pH of 5.0 - 7.0
10 Baja California 115,228 179,630 55.9 Share in the national Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD)
Rest 1,425,561 1,038,571 -27.1 2012-2017 Indicators production of fodders
Average
100% Most of the area with production
Area Volume Value Yield 893
rural price potential for fodder oats locates in
Sown Lost Harvested the central and southern regions
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne of the country; however, an
Thousand hectares
465 455 465 455 important production volume is
631 5 625 9,683 5,134 15.5 530 390
449 reached in north-central Mexico.
243
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 -8.6 45.8 -8.9 -7.6 9.4 1.5 18.4 177
150 155 134
66 111 111
66 79
AAGR
-6.8 -37.5 -5.8 -2.3 -0.8 3.7 1.6 7.8% 5 173 85
2012-2017
9.4 % Exports
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Imports
The crop is harvested significantly in November. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
6.4 5.2 6.9 7.5 5.5 2.5 0.9 4.1 1.1 14.3 33.3 15.5 Imports 14.2 53.7 20.3 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 6.1 0.0
0.0 3.0 0.0 80.4 8.5 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 Fodder oats production potential
38 39
Oat Grain
Oat Grain World ranking The Mexican field originates three
Mexico out of every thousand tonnes of oats
2012 2017 in the world. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In the 2012-2017 period, the crop had, on average, a
decreasing annual rate of 3.1% in volume as a result of the
substitution for other crops in the sown area.
33 rd world
producer Among the countries with the
cultivation of this cereal, the volume
Variation (%) 2012-2017
generated by Russia represents one
84,404 tonnes 72,092 tonnes fifth of the global harvest. Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 197,320 207 -197,113 35.7 -18.6
2012-2017 National production volume Value
(thousand tonnes) million USD 60 0.254 -59.746 39.9 393
170 Chihuahua In the northern part of the Increase Decrease
50.3 2012-2017 Foreign trade
country, Chihuahua is the
In Mexico, the national supply of this grain amounts to 268,000 annual tonnes. Of these, 45%
main producer of the grain; in
Average
Promedio the center it is the Estado de were imported. In 2017, the country acquired slightly more than 197,000 tonnes from abroad.
94 Mexico. Both states contribute Commercial origin-destination
85 78.4% of the value obtained The national expenditure for the foreign purchase of this cereal grain amounted to 60 million The United States, Germany
Trend
Tendencia
for the sale of this cereal.
57 USD in 2017. In the aforementioned period, it was imported from 10 nations, while six years and China are the countries
ago it was imported from four. Among the foreign suppliers of oats, most of the volume comes that buy the most oat grain
from Australia: 112,388 tonnes. from abroad. In 2017, they
148
130
111
imported 1.552, 0.505

51
84
91
93
85
71
72
Hidalgo and 0.385 million tonnes,

2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 5.4
respectively.
Estado de 230,676*
Mexico USA
Top 10 in production volume 28.2 Cuba
Panama
Panamá
2012 2017
National total 84,404 72,092 -14.6
1 Chihuahua 53,077 35,873 -32.4
2 Estado de Mexico 17,712 20,821 17.6
3 Hidalgo 5,485 3,786 -31.0 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
4 Zacatecas 4,897 3,055 -37.6
5 Durango 786 2,989 280 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
6 Baja California 242 2,448 914 To obtain oat flakes, the grains undergo a process of peeling and 1,000 to 3,000 400 to 1,300 12 to 17 °C Clay-silty or clay-loamy soils of medium depth,
7 Jalisco 613 1,479 141 crushing by rollers. MASL mm pH of 5.5 - 7.5
8 Nuevo Leon 10 706 6,955 Indicadores 2016 Buyer Main Supplier
(Mexican imports)
Importer and Exporter
(Mexican exports)
9 Puebla 0 390 NA
10 Tlaxcala 912 198 -78.3 Share in the national The largest oat grain production
Rest 671 347 -48.2 2012-2017 Indicators production of grains in the country is generated in
100% areas with a not so favorable
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price environment for the growth of
Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million
the crop. However, there are great
Tonnes MXN
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne possibilities for its production in
64.7 60 the center of the country.
43 0.0 43 72 289 1.7 4,011 21.2 13.7 25.1 40.2 42.9 53 46.1 27.9
Variations %
2.1 2.3 Annual

12.2 -86.5 12.8 1.3 -3.1 -10.2 -4.4
2.2 kg
2016-2017
0.006 0.009 0.004 0.004 0.051 0.487 0.145 0.068 0.334 0.254
AAGR
2012-2017 -2.0 -49.9 -1.6 -3.1 -7.4 -1.5 -4.5 0.3% 0.2% Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 Imports

The country has two moments of maximum oat grain harvest: November-December and June-July. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
4.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 3.5 11.8 6.6 1.5 0.5 7.8 39.3 22.9 Imports 3.1 3.3 23.3 4.4 2.9 19.3 2.8 3.3 4.5 4.5 25.2 3.4
1.0 9.8 4.3 3.1 2.8 0.0 6.0 17.4 18.3 2.1 25.8 9.4 Oat grain production potential
40 41
Eggplant
Eggplant World ranking There are 91 countries in the world that
Mexico harvest this vegetable; Mexico appears
2012 2017 as the largest producer of this agricultural 2012-2017 Foreign trade
The eggplant crop grew at an annual average rate of 8.6%
from 2012 to 2017. 14 th world
producer
good in the American continent.
China contributes six of each ten

Variation (%) 2012-2017
kilograms of this vegetable available in
122,497 tonnes 184,872 tonnes Volume
Percentage of the production value by state the orb.
tonnes 36 76,942 76,906 89.9 21
(thousand tonnes) Sonora Value
0.024 25.5 25.476 67.7 53.8
Trend
Tendencia 1.0
million USD
204
2017 was an excellent year for the international sale of this Mexican vegetable; the Increase
Sinaloa is the main eggplant exported volume in the aforementioned year grew 11,671 tonnes from the previous year.
150
farmer in Mexico; 96.6% of Commercial origin-destination
the total production value is The United States is the third largest eggplant importer in the world; the volume purchased
Average
Promedio generated in that state. from Mexico represents 80.7% of its foreign purchases. The number of destination countries
107 for this Mexican vegetable quadrupled between 2012 and 2017.
75
Canada
Canadá United
Reino Kingdom
Unido
Even though Iraq is the biggest
Yucatan 24,663,463* importer of this vegetable in the
Sinaloa
122
123
138
159
172
185
0.8 USA world, the Russian Federation

56
46
62
96.6
and Holland are potential buyer
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
0 nations for Mexican farmers.
Each country acquires more than
Top in production volume 15,000 tonnes annually.
Producing states
2012 2017
National total 122,497 184,872 50.9 * USD
1 Sinaloa 116,796 177,349 51.8
2 Yucatan 4,268 2,856 -33.1
3 Sonora 625 1,598 156 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Nayarit 547 1,529 180 The production cycle of this vegetable, from the sowing of the Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Michoacan 0 650 NA seed until the vegetable is harvested, goes from 100 to 125
6 Baja California Sur 107 602 465 days; each plant produces between 25 and 30 eggplants. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 Morelos 70 130 84.7 0 to 800 600 to 1,200 22 to 27 °C Loamy, clay-loamy but well-drained soils, sandy-clay
8 Baja California 84 97 15.5
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) MASL mm soils, pH of 6.0 - 7.5
9 Puebla 0 60 NA Share in the national
2012-2017 Indicators production of vegetables 25.5
24.2
100%
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price 19.9
21.3
The eggplant is a crop that is
19.3
not commonly consumed in
Tonnes MXN 16.7 16.6
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne Mexico. However, there are
12.6 12.5 the geographical conditions
3 0 3 185 1,386 72.6 7,497
necessary for its production.
Variations %
0.8 1.0 Annual

-0.3 NA -0.3 7.4 18.6 7.7 10.4 8.7
0.9 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
13.0 NA 13.0 8.6 15.7 -3.9 6.6
2012-2017 1.0% 1.1% 0.165 0.029 0.036 0.05 0.015 0.054 0.354 0.015 0.07 0.024
Exports
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Imports
96% of the harvested volume of this vegetable is obtained between January and June. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
15.8 28.6 13.1 15.7 7.7 15.1 1.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.8 Imports 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 5.2 9.7 13.2 7.8 6.3 17.3 39.4 0.4
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 15.3 12.6 15.5 11.0 12.9 3.2 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.4 9.3 14.7 Eggplant production potential
42 43
Broccoli
Broccoli World ranking In the international harvest of this
Mexico vegetable, Mexico contributes two out
2012 2017 of every hundred tonnes. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, the production of broccoli was the best in history, as a
result of a greater planted area, better yields and less area lost. 6 th world
producer 5 th world
producer China, main broccoli producing country,
destines an area equivalent to 38.5% of
Variation (%) 2012-2017
the total surface devoted to this crop in
2012-2017 National production volume Percentage of the production value by state the world.
tonnes 6,608 374,939 368,331 -12.3 30.1
Sonora
million USD 6.3 408 401.7 59.7 53
Trend
Tendencia 10.7 2012-2017 Foreign trade
559 Two thirds of the value of the Mexico has vocation for the export of vegetables, including broccoli. In 2017, the country sold more than Increase Decrease
volume of the national harvest 374,000 tonnes abroad, for which it obtained 408 million USD.
450 Average
Promedio correspond to Guanajuato, which
403 brought an income of 2.085 billion Commercial origin-destination
MXN for its farmers. 97.5% of the Mexican exports of this vegetable were acquired by the United States; the second most
important destination is Canada, with 6,815 tonnes. In the last six years, the number of destination countries
for this Mexican agricultural good amounted to nine.
225
Canada
Canadá
397,860,608*
USA Japan
Japón
446
449
309
333
307
357
335
416
507
575
Guanajuato European countries make up the foreign

62.4
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 market of opportunity for the exports
Puebla
of this Mexican vegetable; mainly the
Top 10 in production volume 6.4 United Kingdom, Germany, France,
Main producing states Holland and Belgium.
2012 2017
National total 334,551 574,960 71.9
1 Guanajuato 189,871 364,658 92.1
2 Puebla 18,530 47,091 154
3 Michoacan 45,885 41,516 -9.5
4 Sonora 16,802 37,463 123 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Jalisco 29,033 23,694 -18.4 Broccoli, which means “branch” or “arm”, originated from wild
cabbage, from which the largest and most robust shoots were Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
6 Tlaxcala 4,170 14,384 245 900 to 2,500 900 to 1,500 15 to 24 °C Clay-sandy to clay-loamy soils,
selected to create the new vegetable.
7 Queretaro 3,659 12,128 231 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) MASL mm pH of 4.3 - 8.0
8 Aguascalientes 7,969 11,166 40.1
9 Baja California 9,430 7,026 -25.5
10 Estado de Mexico 1,222 4,679 283 Share in the national 406 408
Rest 7,981 11,155 39.8 2012-2017 Indicators production of vegetables 368 390 90% of the production of broccoli
352
100% in the country comes from the
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield Average
333 central-western region, which
rural price
matches the zones of production
Sown Lost Harvested 249 247 potential. However, there are areas
Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 267
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne in the north and south-east of the
233
34 0.1 34 575 3,343 16.7 5,815 country where it would be possible
to successfully cultivate it as well.
Variations %
1.6 1.8 Annual

8.1 -56.4 8.4 13.3 23.5 4.5 9.0
1.7 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
7.5 -31.7 7.8 11.4 15.0 3.3 3.2
2012-2017 2.7% 3.6% 6.3
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 4.6 2.4 3 3.4 3.9 3.6 4.2 3.1 5.4
Exports
National monthly production (%) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Imports
The largest volumes of this vegetable are obtained in March and April. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
3.4 7.4 17.2 14.8 5.9 6.2 5.6 9.0 9.7 8.0 10.0 2.8 Imports 6.9 4.0 3.7 2.6 3.5 6.7 8.9 13.2 15.8 12.3 14.3 8.1
9.2 10.4 12.0 9.2 9.0 6.2 5.5 6.0 5.4 7.6 9.2 10.3 Broccoli production potential
44 45
Cacao
Cacao World ranking
The cacao pods harvested in Mexico represent
Mexico
2012 2017 a volume equivalent to six out of every
11 13
The Mexican area sown with cacao in 2017 was 60,000 thousand tonnes produced in the world.
th world th world
Variation (%) 2012-2017
hectares; the rebound of the yields in Chiapas and Guerrero producer producer
With a production that represents 33% of the
allowed an annual national increase in volume of 1.6%. world total, Ivory Coast is the agricultural Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
27,619 tonnes 27,287 tonnes leader in cocoa bean production. Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 41,333 1,037 -40,296 100,702 303
2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 88.3 2.8 -85.5 38,262 210
(thousand tonnes) The Mexican production of cacao Mexico is the 11 exporter of chocolate products, which need an essential input to be manufactured:
th
Increase
Trend
Tendencia was valued in 1.074 billion MXN; cocoa beans. Slightly more than half of this agricultural good available in the country is acquired from the
35
28 of that monetary flow, Tabasco foreign market.
Average
Promedio contributed 64.8%, although Commercial origin-destination
26 Chiapas producers obtained a better The national imports of this aromatic seed come from 12 nations, among which Ecuador stands out, from
price for their harvest. which 27,013 tonnes were acquired in 2017. In 2012, the grain was imported from three countries.
Among the largest importers
of this product, Malaysia and
28
23
27
21
28
28
27
28
27
27
1,285,089*
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Switzerland Spain constitute opportunity
0 Belgium
Bélgica
France
Francia
markets for its sale; these
nations have annual purchases
of 312,000 and 124,000 tonnes,
respectively.
Tabasco
Producing states 64.8
2012 2017
National total 27,619 27,287 -1.2 * USD
1 Tabasco 18,340 17,430 -5.0 Guerrero
2 Chiapas 9,070 9,612 6.0 0.2
3 Guerrero 210 245 17.0 Chiapas
34.9
Buyer
(Mexican exports)
Main Supplier
(Mexican imports)
Importer and Exporter Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
On November 25, 2016, cacao grown in the Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 5 to 400 1,500 to 2,500 22 to 28 °C Loamy, clay-loamy soils, sandy-loams,
Grijalva Region of Tabasco was declared as a
protected Designation of Origin product. 114.8 MASL mm pH of 6.0 - 7.0
Annual per capita consumption Share in the national

2012-2017 Indicators production of agroindustrials The total production of cacao
88.9 comes from the south-southeast
100%
Area Volume Value Yield Average 88.3 of the country, which entails the
rural price largest area with potential for
0.4 0.6
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN this crop; however, in Veracruz
0.5 kg Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 72.4 and Nayarit there is an ideal
60 NA 59 27 1,074 0.5 39,370 environment that could also be
56.5 used for its cultivation.
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 -0.01 NA -0.1 1.6 2.3 1.7 0.7
AAGR
2012-2017 -0.6 NA -0.9 -0.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.1% 0.1% 13.2 0.1 1.9 1.1 0.9 4.3
12.7 0.01 1.5 0.01 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.9 2.8
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 Exports
National monthly production (%) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
There are two periods in which the largest cacao harvests are obtained: from October to March and from May to August. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
12.2 13.4 7.1 4.0 8.0 7.6 10.8 12.0 0.0 6.1 7.8 11.0 Imports 11.3 5.8 11.8 8.5 9.2 5.4 5.6 5.6 12.7 7.0 9.2 7.9
0.2 0.1 1.8 8.3 8.1 5.2 8.0 56.8 0.3 0.1 0.5 10.6 Cacao production potential
46 47
Green coffee
Coffee Cherry World ranking Mexican coffee plantations contribute
Mexico one out of every fifty tonnes of the seed
2012 2017 produced in the orb. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
The volume of coffee cherry increased slightly in comparison to that obtained
during the previous year. The declining trend since 2012 in the production of 10 th world
producer Brazil allocates around 2 million hectares
to the cultivation of coffee; this area
Variation (%) 2012-2017
this seed is largely explained by the effects of coffee rust. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
1,336,882 tonnes 835,380 tonnes generates a third of the grain harvested in
the world. Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 25,130 110,968 85,838 647 -25.2
Value
(thousand tonnes) 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 57 383 326 550 -68.2
The Mexican harvest of coffee cherry during the 2016-2017 coffee year allowed for an increase in
Chiapas, Veracruz and Puebla are the exports of green coffee, which reached 110,968 tonnes and a commercial value of 383 million USD Increase Decrease
states where coffee production generates during 2017.
Average
Promedio the most significant volumes of the
1,192 cherry, and consequently the greatest Commercial origin-destination
contribution to the harvest’s value. In 2017, the country made sales of green coffee to 42 nations; one more than in 2012. The United
States and Belgium stand out as the main destinations of this Mexican product: 58,305 and 19,124
Tendencia
Trend tonnes, respectively.
809
From the 15 largest coffee
1,415
1,437
1,332
1,288
1,337
1,258
1,166
1,026
824
835
importing countries, 13
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Belgium
Bélgica acquire the Mexican grain.
0 202,257,682*
USA Spain
España The other two, Algeria and
Veracruz Sweden, represent potential
25.4 markets for its sale.
2012 2017
National total 1,336,882 835,380 -37.5
1 Chiapas 532,583 339,361 -36.3
2 Veracruz 369,455 194,433 -47.4 Puebla * USD
3 Puebla 202,947 128,995 -36.4 18.1 Chiapas
4 Oaxaca 117,440 66,089 -43.7 36.5
5 Guerrero 48,447 41,582 -14.2 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
Adequate geographical characteristics for the production of coffee cherry
6 Hidalgo 32,880 33,891 3.1 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
7 Nayarit 10,785 14,054 30.3 When roasted, green coffee grains increase their size Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 San Luis Potosi 11,830 8,694 -26.5 almost twice, changing in color and density. 600 to 1,600 1,000 to 3,000 17 to 23 °C More than one meter in depth, from clay to
9 Jalisco 5,311 4,506 -15.2 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) MASL mm clay-loamy texture, pH of 4.5 - 7.0
10 Colima 2,044 2,929 43.3
1,205
Rest 3,159 846 -73.2 Share in the national
2012-2017 Indicators production of agroindustrials Coffee is a very demanding
100% crop in terms of environmental
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price conditions; that is why the
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN largest production is derived
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne from areas that actually have
584
500 the adequate environment for
722 NA 639 835 4,906 1.3 5,872 394 383
389 298 the development of the plant.
Variations %
0.5 0.7 Annual

-1.0 NA -1.1 1.4 8.4 2.5 7.0 288
0.6 kg
2016-2017 315
162
AAGR
-0.7 NA -1.7 -9.0 -10.7 -7.4 -1.9 1.3%
2012-2017
2.4% 0.2 0.6 2 1.6 8.8 33.4
100 97.8 116.9
57
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Mexican coffee trees have an inter-annual production cycle, with their harvest period starting in October and extending through May. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
30.9 24.0 15.3 5.9 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 6.5 13.4 Imports 7.3 6.4 11.1 3.0 10.7 4.7 6.0 10.4 5.3 17.0 12.5 5.6
7.0 5.8 9.2 8.5 11.3 11.4 7.6 9.4 6.8 7.9 7.4 7.7 Coffee cherry production potential
48 49
Zucchini
Zucchini World ranking One of every 40 kilograms of this vegetable
Mexico obtained annually in the world is harvested
2012 2017 in the Mexican countryside. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
During the 2012-2017 period, production grew at an average
annual rate of 4.7%. In the last year, it reached its historical
maximum due to a higher yield.
6 th world
producer 6 th world
producer The volume from China represents one
third of the harvest of this vegetable
Variation (%) 2012-2017
among the nations with the crop.
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 1,634 513,197 511,563 22.6 33.9
1.3 169 167.7 49.6 46.3
45.3 million USD
550 Trend
Tendencia 2012-2017 Foreign trade
Sonora gets almost 500 million This vegetable is among the most exported Mexican agri-food products. In the foreign trade,
502 MXN for the sale of zucchini; this
Increase
zucchini and pumpkins are equally important.
Average
Promedio represents 45.3% of the total
value of Mexican production. Commercial origin-destination
451 96.1% of the export value of this vegetable corresponds to the expenditures made by the
275 United States for its acquisition. Foreign sales in 2012 were made to five countries, and in
2017, the product was sold to eight. Global imports of this vegetable
amount to 1.4 million annual
tonnes. Among the nations that
431
464
445
387
437
399
441
457
502
550
make the largest acquisitions,

Canada
Canadá the Netherlands is emerging as a
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
161,908,277* prospect for Mexican commerce.
Sinaloa USA Japan
Japón
6.9
Puebla
2012 2017
National total 436,947 550,410 26.0
1 Sonora 100,552 180,585 79.6
2 Puebla 47,253 62,053 31.3 * USD
3 Sinaloa 72,199 51,022 -29.3
4 Michoacan 39,817 39,828 0.03
5 Hidalgo 18,632 32,919 76.7
Zucchini is known as “zapallito” in Paraguay, Argentina Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
6 Zacatecas 16,323 24,597 50.7
and Uruguay; “calabacin” in Spain and Venezuela, and (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
“zapallo italiano” in Chile. 0 to 1,000 300 to 1,200 6 to 40 °C Soil of medium to heavy texture, requires medium
7 Jalisco 18,142 21,426 18.1
8 Morelos 21,224 18,822 -11.3
MASL mm depth, pH of 4.3 - 8.3
9 Yucatan 11,912 14,420 21.0
10 Estado de Mexico 13,997 12,978 -7.3 Share in the national Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
Rest 76,896 91,761 19.3 2012-2017 Indicators production of vegetables Zucchini production is distributed
100%
169 in several parts of the country,
Average 153 177
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price although there are areas with high
128 production potential that are not
Sown Lost Harvested 139
Thousand Million Tonnes MXN being used, as is mainly the case of
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 100
Thousand hectares 115 Tamaulipas and Veracruz.
82.2
29 1 29 550 3,244 19.2 5,894 92.8
81.7
Variations %
1.5 1.7 Annual

2016-2017 3.3 55.8 2.4 9.6 28.3 7.0 17.1
1.6 kg AAGR
2012-2017 1.6 -8.5 2.0 4.7 9.9 2.7 4.9 3.5% 3.4% 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 2.1 1.3
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The national harvest of the vegetable is constant throughout the year. Mostly available Moderately available
8.8 13.1 11.4 10.4 7.7 5.4 7.3 6.7 6.2 9.1 6.5 7.4 Imports 10.3 3.5 3.0 0.1 0.2 1.3 5.2 15.0 41.0 13.1 5.0 2.3
11.1 11.1 10.6 11.6 11.0 4.1 2.1 1.7 1.7 9.1 13.0 12.9 Zucchini production potential
50 51
Sugarcane
Sugarcane World ranking
Mexico The volume obtained in the Mexican sugar
2012 2017 mills allows the country to stand out among 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In the last three years, production has grown slightly as a result of higher
yields. The volume of the 2016-2017 harvest was 508,000 tonnes larger
than that of 2015-2016.
9 th world
producer 7 th world
producer
the 10 leading sugarcane producing nations. Variation (%) 2012-2017
Brazil, main producer of the sweetener, Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
5,048,469 tonnes 5,918,729 tonnes generates one fifth of the world total. Volume
Percentage of the production value by state thousand tonnes 120,045 1,118,717 998,672 -65.1 12.2
77 665 588 -71.8 -19.2
70000 million USD
Trend
Tendencia The sugarcane activity takes place The price level at which the sweetener is offered in the international market has a direct impact on the
59,177 in 16 states of the country; among quantities that Mexico sells abroad. In 2017, the country imported 120,000 tonnes and exported Increase Decrease
them, Veracruz, which has the largest 1.119 million.
Average
Promedio area, and therefore generates the
53,761 most significant volume of cane,
Commercial origin-destination Indonesia and Bangladesh
Mexican international sugarcane trade is mainly carried out with the United States. In 2017, Mexico acquired are among the countries that
35000 which in 2017 generated 13.493
41,000 tonnes from that country and supplied it with 942,000. Between 2012 and 2017, the number of import significant amounts of
billion MXN for its sale.
countries of origin of the imported sugar went from 30 to 39, and export destinations from 19 to 24. this sweetener, they appear
as possible destinations for
51,091
48,764
50,422
49,735
50,946
61,182
56,673
55,396
56,447
56,955
this Mexican agroindustrial.

San Luis Potosi
7.7 Canada
Canadá
2008 2009 2010 20110 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 579,216,791*
USA
Top 10 in production volume Venezuela
Main producing states Veracruz

Jalisco 35.1
Volume (tonnes) Variation (%) 13.5
2012 2017
National total 50,946,483 56,954,993 11.8
1 Veracruz 18,111,886 21,116,194 16.6
2 Jalisco 6,254,590 7,439,307 18.9 * USD
3 San Luis Potosi 2,529,479 4,636,468 83.3
4 Oaxaca 3,482,394 3,768,444 8.2 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Tamaulipas 3,571,398 3,047,552 -14.7 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
6 Chiapas 2,819,452 2,930,695 3.9 Bagasse, which serves as a natural fertilizer due to its Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 Nayarit 2,247,621 2,687,865 19.6 high content of simple sugars, minerals and fiber, is 0 to 600 1,400 to 2,000 24 to 37 °C Very heavy clayey soils in sandy terrains;
8 Tabasco 1,780,551 2,453,374 37.8
obtained from the industrialization of sugarcane.
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) MASL mm 50 cm deep, pH of 4.5 - 8.5
9 Morelos 1,927,703 2,037,144 5.7
1,304
10 Puebla 1,777,497 1,761,494 -0.9 1,212
Rest 6,443,913 5,076,456 -21.2
2012-2017 Indicators production of agroindustrials Sugarcane production and
100% areas with potential match in
Average
Area Volume Value Yield a high percentage; however,
rural price 907 807
823 724 in Guerrero there are favorable
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 683 665 regions to produce this crop
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne
as well.
836 NA 772 56,955 38,412 73.8 674 508
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 -1.5 NA -1.2 0.9 23.9 2.1 22.8 403
325 327
283 271
1.5 NA 1.0 2.3 2.6 1.3 0.3
90.0%
AAGR
2012-2017 89.9% 92
134
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 87 84 53 77
Exports
In its Mexican harvest, sugarcane cutting activities begin in October and continue until July. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
17.3 20.7 17.1 13.5 10.8 5.7 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 9.4 Imports 5.6 5.5 6.5 4.5 4.1 4.5 7.4 13.1 6.9 28.3 8.1 5.5
12.0 10.7 6.9 18.3 17.4 4.9 6.0 4.0 13.1 0.8 1.7 4.2 Sugarcane production potential
52 53
UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS: MEXICO RECEIVING STATION
precision farming Permanent monitoring of the Mexican territory
The SIAP, through Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), performs visual and digital analysis with a high
precision level (less than 0.3 cm) of the agricultural coverage in Mexico.
Joint project with
SAGARPA, through
the SIAP, and the
Visual interpretation Secretariat of National It is the only 100% working ground station
Defense (SEDENA). for direct reception in the country. There are 26
similar ones in the world.
It allows the monitoring of agricultural areas
Flights are made when the crop is in the With a reception radius of 2,500 km it covers the
flowering or fruiting stage entire national territory including islands, as well as the
southern United States, part of the Caribbean and even
northern Colombia.
A mosaic of the entire national territory is created. Currently, there are 14 of them, of
What and how much is being sowed It is where the satellite images of the
which, the six most recent are in Web Map Service (WMS).
SPOT constellation that are acquired from
the national territory are managed.
As in the agri-food diversity, there are also different sizes of parcels on which the They also take 2 or 3 shots in a row during the same course, from the same site, which are
agricultural activity is carried out. Based on the flights made, the plots of the Each year, 70 thousand akes are processed on used for the generation of digital models of the terrain (MDT).
northern area of Mexico have an average surface of 2.4 hectares, while in the central average.
Estimation of yields of the main crop, March 2,
2017. Cajeme, Sonora area it is 1.1 hectares. This material has a spacial resolution of up to 1.5 m and 4 spectral bands This input is used for the estimation of the agricultural surface, agricultural frontier, the
(blue, green, red and near infrared). evaluation of the PROAGRO, registers, agricultural surveys, impacts by
Based on the NDVI and the yield reported in the Agricultural Web of the SIAP, the yield meteorites in the infrastructure,civil protection and national security,
How much yeild
of maize grain and wheat grain in the phenological stage of flowering or fruiting is among many others.
is estimated? estimated at the plot level. Images acquired by the
SPOT 6 and 7 satellites SPOT 6
are received.
Identification of agricultural coverage, June 22, 2016,
Almoloya de Juarez, Mexico
Yield estimation
SPOT 7
Average yield (ton/ha)
Spring-Summer Fall-Winter
Average NDVI
What vigor does

the crop have? Vigor of the agricultural coverage, March 7, 2017. Valle
de Santiago, Guanajuato
NDVI of wheat grain NDVI of maize grain Yield (ton/ha)
The SIAP makes available the analyzes carried out in different agricultural areas of the country: http://cmgs.gob.mx:82/uav
Source: SIAP. Source: SIAP-ERMEX.
54 55
Safflower
Safflower World ranking Mexican farmers contribute one out
Mexico of every ten tonnes of safflower seed
2012 2017 generated globally. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
Sonora contributed 45.2% of the more than 70,000 tonnes
that were harvested in the 2017 agricultural year.
1 st world
producer 3 rd world
producer Of the 948,000 tonnes of safflower that
all the producing countries harvest every
Variation (%) 2012-2017
year, Russia contributes 30.2%.
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 20 3 -17 -99.9 -99.8
(thousand tonnes) Sonora Value 34 1 -33 -99.4 -99.8
53.1 2012-2017 Foreign trade thousand USD
300
Mexico has a production level of this oilseed that successfully meets domestic demand. This said,
The safflower sale of the 2017 national foreign trade is not significant. Decrease
harvest generated an income
of 394 million MXN; half of that Commercial origin-destination
Trend
Tendencia economic flow corresponds to The small volume of international trade of this seed was carried out with the United States, to which
150
125 Sonoran farmers. occasional purchases are made.
Average
Promedio
121
131
257
144
126
122
1,460*
96
77
97
92
70
USA Turkey and China are the

2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
largest importers of this
oilseed; in 2017, they
Sinaloa
15.1 acquired 92,000 and 38,000
Top 10 in production volume tonnes, respectively.
2012 2017
National total 257,451 70,387 -72.7 * USD
1 Sonora 131,142 31,839 -75.7 Jalisco
14.3
2 Jalisco 3,059 13,981 357
3 Sinaloa 111,401 11,500 -89.7 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Tamaulipas 1,199 6,406 434
5 Michoacan 6,343 3,851 -39.3 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Baja California 340 1,774 422 Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD)
7 Baja California Sur 3,179 593 -81.3 The composition of the oleaginous achene that Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Coahuila 110 427 288 grows in safflower plants is: 60% seed and the 17,481 10 to 2,000 300 to 500 15 to 20 °C Medium-texture deep soils,
9 Durango 0 16 NA remaining 40% husk. MASL mm pH of 6.0 - 8.0
10 San Luis Potosi 140 0 -100
Rest 538 0 -100
2012-2017 Indicators production of oilseeds 11,911
Most of the production of this
oilseed comes from areas of high
100%
Area Volume Value Yield Average production potential, although
rural price
there are areas in Coahuila,
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN Chihuahua and Nuevo Leon with
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 6,187 the same conditions that are not
47 2 45 70 394 1.6 5,601 currently used.
3,518
Variations %
Annual
-30.3 58.5 -31.6 -42.2 -46.9 -15.5 -8.2 1,831
2016-2017
215 93 34 34
AAGR
-23.6 -23.5 -23.6 -22.8 -24.0 1.0 -1.5 10.5%
533 917 216 3
1
2012-2017
38.6% 0 155 0 0 3 3
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Exports
Imports
The harvest period of this grain takes place between April and September, but the largest harvest is obtained in July. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
0.1 0.0 0.0 8.7 23.8 24.3 40.0 1.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Safflower production potential
56 57
Barley grain
Barley grain World ranking Mexico has a higher yield per hectare
Mexico in this cereal crop than the leading
2012 2017 producing country. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
The volume of barley in 2017 exceeded the harvest of the previous year by 3%,
derived from the use of a greater sowing area (27,000 hectares) for the crop. 26 th world
producer Russia is the main producer of barley
grain; it contributes 12.7% of the 141
Variation (%) 2012-2017
million tonnes harvested in the world.
Percentage of the production value by state 1,031,533 tonnes 1,008,158 tonnes Volume
2012-2017 National production volume tonnes 456 2 -455 -99.4 -99
(thousand tonnes) Value 287 3 -284 -98.9 -94.8
2012 - 2017 Foreign trade thousand USD
The national harvest of barley grain Mexico is the main exporter of beer; agroindustrial that entails the transformation of barley Decrease
in 2017 recorded an amount of 4.251 grain. The current level of national production of this cereal is enough to cover domestic
Trend
Tendencia billion MXN for its sale, of which demand.
972 1.567 correspond to the sale of the
Average
Promedio Commercial origin-destination
volume generated in the leading
765 In 2012, the country exported barley grain to three nations and imported it from four. Six years
state: Guanajuato.
later, the number for each commercial operation is two and five, respectively. The foreign trade of
this agricultural good with the United States is the most significant due to the volume involved.
1,032
1,008
781
519
672
487
594
846
735
978
China is the country that acquires

2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
3,399*
the most barley from abroad.
USA In 2017, their imported volume
Guanajuato
36.9 Hidalgo reached 8.863 million tonnes.
22.5 Venezuela

Tlaxcala
2012 2017
National total 1,031,533 1,008,158 -2.3
1 Guanajuato 435,092 369,177 -15.1 * USD
2 Hidalgo 237,773 240,283 1.1
3 Tlaxcala 163,679 87,352 -46.6 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
4 Puebla 76,970 84,615 9.9 Pearled barley is obtained by removing the hull and bran; Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
5 Estado de Mexico 60,639 50,836 -16.2 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
these processes are carried out to facilitate its digestion and Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
6 Zacatecas 3,707 49,224 1,228 1,800 to 3,000 400 to 600 3 to 30 °C Shallow, stony and well-drained soils,
give it a pleasant appearance.
7 Queretaro 32,294 40,344 24.9 Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD) MASL mm pH of 6.0 - 8.5
8 Durango 2,174 35,025 1,511
9 Michoacan 9,444 25,522 170 64,307
10 Jalisco 5,488 12,680 131 Share in the national
Rest 4,274 13,101 207 2012-2017 Indicators production of agroindustrials
48,647
The western, central and
Average 100% north-central regions of Mexico
Area Volume Value Yield rural price have the best conditions for
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN the development of the crop,
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne which agrees with the states
30,143 28,072
26,092 that provide the greatest
361 7 355 1,008 4,251 2.8 4,216
20,172 production.
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 8.1 48.4 7.6 3.0 3.4 -4.2 0.4 14,305
21,722
15,118
AAGR
1.5 -2.4 1.6 -0.5 1.5 -2.0 2.0
2012-2017
1.8% 1.6% 287
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0.0003 31 41 3 65 0 376 0.01 1 3
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The highest volumes of this cereal are harvested in the April-May and October-December period. Mostly available Least or not available
3.1 0.5 0.1 11.5 19.4 3.7 0.2 0.1 1.1 14.4 35.0 10.9 Imports 7.9 0.1 1.1 0.5 23.0 12.1 1.3 0.2 30.1 0.1 19.6 4.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 34.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.2 17.9 13.6 0.0 Barley grain production potential
58 59
Onion
Onion World ranking In the world, one out of every 50 tonnes
Mexico of this spicy bulb is obtained from
2012 2017 Mexican fields. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
Onion production registered an average annual increase of 5.5% in
the 2012-2017 period, as a result of a greater planted area and better 13 th world
producer The volume generated by farmers in
China allows this country to stand out
Variation (%) 2012-2017
harvest yields. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
as the main producer of this vegetable
1,238,602 tonnes 1,620,318 tonnes in the world. Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 96,909 423,168 326,259 172 20.6
(thousand tonnes) Baja California Value
54.5 233 178.5 194 49.8
22.8 In the country, Baja million USD
Trend
Tendencia Chihuahua California leads the
1,631 12.8 Another Mexican vegetable with significant presence in international markets is onion. National Increase
1600 cultivation of onion by the
agricultural productivity makes it possible to harvest enough volume to export.
value generated from its
Average
Promedio sale: in 2017, it registered Commercial origin-destination
1,376 1.85 billion MXN. The favorable behavior of Mexican exports of this vegetable is reflected in the number of
destinations for its sale: 20 countries in 2017, versus 16 in 2012. The US market acquired 94.4% of
800 the national exportable crop supply.
The United States and Malaysia are

the largest fresh onion importers;
1,246
1,196
1,266
1,399
1,239
1,270
1,368
1,519
1,635
1,620
225,863,310*
USA in 2017, they acquired 550,000
Guanajuato
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 14.2 and 582,000 tonnes, respectively.
Guatemala Germany leads foreign purchases
El Salvador
of the processed vegetable.
2012 2017
National total 1,238,602 1,620,318 30.8 * USD
1 Chihuahua 206,044 315,234 53.0
2 Guanajuato 96,192 201,271 109
3 Zacatecas 162,204 182,803 12.7 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Tamaulipas 103,640 171,936 65.9
5 Michoacan 155,108 132,980 -14.3 In the Central Markets of Supplies, red onion is, on Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Baja California 166,894 121,264 -27.3 average, three MXN more expensive than white, Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
7 Puebla 59,916 101,060 68.7 and four MXN more costly than Spring onion. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 San Luis Potosi 71,886 75,148 4.5 231 233 0 to 2,800 350 to 600 15 to 22 °C Soils of light to medium texture; depth
9 Morelos 70,945 71,854 1.3 MASL mm from 35 to 50 cm, pH of 6.0 - 7.5
10 Sonora 37,060 64,172 73.2 Share in the national 199
210
Rest 108,712 182,596 68.0 2012-2017 Indicators production of vegetables 203
Average 100%
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price
155 Due to its adaptability,
it is possible to produce
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN onion in many regions
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne of the country, which
52 0.4 52 1,620 8,119 31.4 5,010 matches the areas of high
production potential.
54.5
Variations %
10.4 10.6 Annual

-0.8 -56.1 0.3 -0.9 3.1 -1.2 4.1 64.5 48.6
10.5 kg
2016-2017
36.8 50.0
AAGR
2012-2017 3.3 -24.7 3.9 5.5 14.0 1.5 8.0 10.0% 10.0% 38.7
17.6 18.5 38 37 32.5
25.3 11.8 14.2
The harvest of this vegetable throughout the year allows a steady domestic supply month to month. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
7.7 7.7 9.1 9.1 10.2 9.1 7.8 11.0 9.0 7.7 7.1 4.5 Imports 5.6 3.5 2.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 12.0 20.5 28.5 16.1 8.3
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 5.7 10.8 16.0 10.9 14.4 11.1 9.5 4.7 3.1 4.4 4.3 5.1 Onion production potential
60 61
Green chili
Green Chili World ranking There are 123 countries that produce
Mexico some variety of chili; Mexico
2012 2017 contributes two out of every eight
During the 2012-2017 period, production increased at an average
annual rate of 6.7%; in the last year, it reached its historical
maximum due to a larger sown and harvested area.
2 nd world
producer 2 nd world
producer
tonnes to the world supply of this
agricultural good. Variation (%) 2012-2017
In the cultivation of fruits of the
2,379,736 tonnes 3,296,875 tonnes Volume
Percentage of the production value by state Capsicum genus, China is the main
tonnes 2,419 1,057,638 1,055,220 41.4 189
2012-2017 National production volume international producer.
(thousand tonnes) 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value 1.7 719 717.3 7.4 166
million USD
Chihuahua There are sowing areas of this spicy Mexico has a favorable international trade balance in this vegetable. The value generated by the foreign sale of
Trend
Tendencia 21.4 product throughout the whole country, the vegetable makes it the second largest exporting country, although it is the world leader by volume. Increase
3,335 but the farmers from Chihuahua stand Commercial origin-destination

out for the harvested volume and the The US is the main market for the national spicy fruit, to which 1.053 million tonnes were exported in 2017.
2600
Average
Promedio economic value for its sale: 821,000 Additionally, the vegetable was sold in 13 countries, although in 2012 it registered 19 destinations.
2,527 tonnes and 6.246 billion MXN in 2017.
Canada
Canadá
1300
711,741,909*
USA
Sinaloa In the international market, the amount of
2,052
1,982
2,336
2,132
2,380
2,294
2,733
2,782
3,280
3,297
18.4 Singapore
Singapur this vegetable sold fresh exceeds 3.2 million
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Zacatecas tonnes per year, the largest importer being
16.2 the United States. The traded volume in
Top 10 in production volume its dry form reaches 400,000 tonnes and
Main producing states Thailand is the main importer.
Rank State 2012-2017 * USD
2012 2017
National total 2,379,736 3,296,875 38.5
1 Chihuahua 562,167 820,626 46.0
2 Sinaloa 556,463 771,191 38.6 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
3 Zacatecas 348,834 417,218 19.6
4 San Luis Potosi 174,882 246,333 40.9
5 Sonora 83,446 187,470 125 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
The type of chili with the highest production in the
6 Jalisco 79,429 149,764 88.6
country is jalapeño, followed by bell pepper and poblano. 719
7 Michoacan 83,821 147,363 75.8 683 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Guanajuato 59,393 104,776 76.4 0 to 2,700 600 to 1,500 18 to 30 °C Soils of light to medium texture, depth
9 Baja California Sur 56,200 59,633 6.1 627 MASL mm from 35 to 50 cm, pH of 4.3 - 8.3
10 Durango 26,662 58,872 121 Share in the national
Rest 348,440 333,629 -4.3 2012-2017 Indicators production of vegetables 517 560
Average 100%
An opportunity for the production of
green chili is present in the central
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN region of the country, where favorable
210 226 270 geographical conditions exist.
161 1 160 3,297 29,125 20.5 8,834
Variations %
18.0 18.2 Annual

-6.9 -71.9 -5.7 0.5 20.6 6.6 20.0 133
18.1 kg
2016-2017
86.2
AAGR
3.1 -16.3 3.3 6.7 17.0 3.3 9.6
20.4%
82.2
2012-2017 19.2% 46.5 55.2
1.7
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 2.1 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.6 2.7
Exports
Imports
There is availability of this vegetable during the course of the year; however, half of the annual volume is harvested in the last four months. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
9.8 9.0 5.3 4.7 4.0 3.0 8.3 7.6 12.0 13.4 11.2 11.7 Imports 3.8 3.1 2.5 1.2 6.8 9.8 7.1 19.1 19.3 9.7 12.7 4.9
13.5 11.2 11.3 9.3 8.0 4.4 4.0 4.8 5.2 8.0 8.8 11.5 Green chili production potential
62 63
GREEN OR DRY CHILI: for every taste Chili drying
process
ChilI belongs to the genus Capsicum, a name that comes from the Greek Kapsakes,
which means capsule, which includes 26 wild and 5 domesticated species; of the In Mexico, there are more than
It's cut
latter, four are present in Mexico. 64 different types of chili are reported in the 11,700 dry chili producers.
country, which are consumed fresh, dehydrated, cooked or industrialized; this great Green chili The number of women
diversity is reflected in the culinary wealth of the country. participating in this work Piquin Piquin
corresponds approximately to Green Poblano Ancho
15.5% of the national production of chili comes from protected agriculture 15% of the total.
and 84.5% is cultivated in the open.
Anaheim Colorado
It changes color
Chili is marketed both green and dry; of From green to red

Green to dark brown Mirasol Guajillo
its value,23% is obtained from
dehydrated chilis, hence the The economic spill generated by dry chili in 2017
Dehydrated
importance of the drying process.
Drying
reached 6.559 billion MXN, with a production Chilaca or Pasilla or
black chili
Chili Fresh /
Net house Greenhouse Drying systems and time
volume of 120 thousand tonnes. chilacate
Dry Manzano Cascabel
9.2% 6.3%
In dehydrating In sunlight
machine, 30 20 to 30 days
hours Depends on De arbol De arbol
At a temperature the intensity Serrano Dry chili
of 70oC of the sun
Habanero Habanero
Jalapeno or Chipotle
cuaresmeno
Dry chili
Small Morita
jalapeno
Temporality Types of chili by main producing state
During the months of January, Commercialization Smoking
February, March and December
Unprotected the highest production of dried
84.5% chili is obtained.
Commercialization
Number of plots destined to the cultivation of:
Dry chili Sinaloa

There are 14,932 farms in Durango Puebla
Ancho
the country destined for the Nayarit
Tabasco
De arbol
production of dried chili, the Zacatecas
Cascabel
main states where they
Costeno
are found are San Luis Guerrero
Potosi, Zacatecas and Oaxaca. Guajillo Chiapas
Oaxaca Chili is a primary component of the "moles", marinades and sauces
Dry Chili Pasilla
Green Chili that characterize Mexican cuisine, which not only provide the flavor,
14,932 Puya
32,421 Total 47,353 texture and color that identifies them, but also important nutrients
Sources: SIAP.
such as: vitamins A and C, carotenoids, fibers and minerals.
64 65
Cauliflower
Cauliflower World ranking Mexico has higher yields than the
Mexico international average in this crop, which
2012 2017 allows it to contribute 2 out of every 100 2012-2017 Foreign trade
The volume of 2017 exceeds in 46% that of the previous year. A greater
sown area and increases in the yields of this vegetable's harvests explain
the favorable behavior of the production.
6 th world
producer 5 th world
producer
kilograms to the world total.
China harvests in its fields 40.3% of the

Variation (%) 2012-2017
volume of cauliflower available for global
62,857 tonnes 110,503 tonnes consumption. Volume
4.1 40.9 36.8 157 96.2
The cultivation of this vegetable Mexican horticulture has the capacity to generate enough cauliflower to sell it abroad. The exported volume of the
Increase
100 extends through agricultural vegetable during 2017 exceeded 1.7 times that of 2012.
Tendencia
Trend areas of 19 states; among
83 them Guanajuato stands out,
because it obtains the greatest
In 2017, cauliflower was exported to seven nations; three less than in 2012. However, Mexico has the largest share
Average
Promedio
harvest and income for its
(79.7%) of the volume acquired by the second largest buyer of this vegetable in the world: the United States.
74 commercialization.
50
Canada
Canadá Germany, the United Kingdom
38,609,285* and the Netherlands are potential
111
USA
67
82
79
71
63
65
58
69
76
Japan
Japón markets for the sale of this Mexican
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 vegetable; annual purchases of
Hidalgo each exceed 20,000 tonnes.
Guanajuato 15.5
34.5
Top 10 in production volume Puebla

2012 2017
National total 62,857 110,503 75.8
1 Guanajuato 7,607 31,487 314
2 Puebla 13,694 20,779 51.7 * USD
3 Hidalgo 13,399 19,592 46.2 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
(Mexican exports) (Mexican imports) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
4 Michoacan 9,995 9,222 -7.7
It is possible to cut a piece of cauliflower for
5 Aguascalientes 6,067 8,114 33.8
consumption at 65 days when it is transplanted, and Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
6 Zacatecas 450 6,146 1,266
7 San Luis Potosi 1,979 3,626 83.3 at 90 days when sown from seed. 900 to 2,500 400 to 550 15 to 21 °C Loamy or loamy-silty, drained soils;
8 Baja California 1,725 3,510 103 MASL mm pH of 6.0 - 6.8
9 Queretaro 3,323 3,502 5.4 40.9
10 Jalisco 1,285 1,654 28.7 Share in the national
Rest 3,334 2,872 -13.9 2012-2017 Indicators production of vegetables 26.2 26.3 29
Derived from the demands of
100% 23.7
Average the crop for its production, the
25.5
cauliflower presents few areas
23.4
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 17.9 21.2 20.8 with high production potential;
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne however, with the use of
4 0 4 111 479 25.6 4,334 technologies, a good production is
obtained throughout the country.
Variations %
0.5 0.7 Annual

11.4 -100.0 13.3 45.8 54.9 28.7 6.2
0.6 kg
2016-2017
4.1
AAGR
5.7 -100.0 6.3 11.9 14.2 5.3 2.0
0.7%
3.2
2012-2017 0.5% 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.1 1 1.5
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
The most significant harvests of cauliflower are observed between March and April. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
4.8 8.3 8.6 10.1 10.1 5.9 8.2 8.8 10.7 11.1 9.1 4.3 Imports 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.5 7.0 11.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 2.7 17.0 13.9
52.2 18.3
25.4 19.7 15.7 6.3 5.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 8.7 7.5 11.8
10.0 10.2 10.9 8.5 10.2 7.3 5.3 6.0 6.1 8.2 8.6 11.8
9.7 8.3 4.6 6.0 6.6 8.5 6.9 8.9 9.4 Cauliflower production potential
66 67
Copra
Copra World ranking On an international level, Mexico
Mexico contributes 2% to the total
2012 2017 production of the tropical crop.
8 8
In the 2012-2017 period, the production increased at an average annual rate of th world th world
2.4%, registering during 2017 the maximum production in the last 10 years. producer producer Of the 50 million tonnes of Variation (%) 2012-2017
copra obtained in the world,
Indonesia gets almost a third. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 890 4,626 3,736 1,536 32.9
2.4 4.4 2 1,250 33.2
million USD
300
Guerrero has suitable characteristics The continuity of greater national harvests of this perennial crop allowed a rebound of 4.8% in
Trend
Tendencia for the cultivation of copra, which its exported volume during 2017. Increase
217 plays an important part in it being Commercial origin-destination

Promedio
Average the top producer. In 2017, the sale of The US market, to which 91.4% of the national exportable supply is directed, is listed as the main
150
214 the fruit reached 1.716 billion MXN. destination of Mexican copra. This agricultural good is currently sold to nine countries; in 2012, its
sale was limited to five. The global imported volume of copra
is around 152,000 tonnes per year;
a market where the Philippines,
Bangladesh, Pakistan and Malaysia
203
208
228
211
209
216
207
203
223
233
3,473,749* top the list of international buyers.

2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 USA
Dominican Republic
República Dominicana
Guatemala
Tabasco
Producing states 5.0
Volume (tonnes) Colima

2012 2017 2012-2017
1 Guerrero 161,699 187,964 16.2
2 Colima 21,534 18,872 -12.4 Guerrero
3 Tabasco 8,735 10,750 23.1 83.2 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Oaxaca 9,523 8,773 -7.9 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Michoacan 2,457 2,873 16.9
6 Jalisco 1,282 1,318 2.8
The coconut tree can not develop in the shade;
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
7 Veracruz 846 1,020 20.6
it needs direct sunlight for at least 2,000 hours a
year or a minimum of 120 a month. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Chiapas 914 805 -11.9
4
9 Campeche 0 355 NA
3.8
4.4 0 to 250 1,200 to 2,400 24 to 27 °C Soils with silty texture or fine sand with
MASL mm good internal drainage, pH of 5.0 - 8.0
3.5
2012-2017 Indicators production of agroindustrials 3.1
100%
Average The production potential of
Area Volume Value Yield rural price 2.7
2.5 copra occurs mainly in the
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 2.4 southern region of the country,
where five producing states
128 NA 125 233 2,061 1.9 8,856 stand out according to the
obtained production volume.
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 0.3 NA 0.4 4.4 17.4 3.9 12.5 1
1
1.3 1.3
0.6 0.6
AAGR
2012-2017 -0.2 NA -0.5 2.4 11.8 2.9 9.2 0.4% 0.4%
0.8
0.7 0.6
0.4 0.2
66.1% of this fruit is harvested between January and June. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
12.7 8.4 7.8 16.3 8.9 12.0 5.1 4.8 6.4 4.3 6.0 7.3 Imports 3.7 14.2 3.0 7.3 5.6 17.1 11.5 11.6 8.5 10.6 5.1 1.8
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 8.2 10.4 10.2 7.1 11.0 7.1 8.6 8.3 6.6 9.0 6.1 7.4 Copra production potential
68 69
VULNERABILITY IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS: AGRO-CLIMATIC RISKS:
water availability in dams phenomena that affect production
With the information on advances in plantings and harvests, drought index and availability of water in dams for irrigation, it is
possible to identify the zones that are currently planted and that can be affected by the decrease and supply of water in dams.
The increase in the frequency, intensity and

magnitude of hydro-meteorological phenomena
% water storage in dams Vulnerability
has become a danger for the development of
for irrigation in agricultural area agricultural activities in Mexico.
0.0% - 20.0% Very high Low
The phenomenon with greater frequency
20.1% - 50.0% High Very low
during 2017 was low temperatures,
50.1% - 100.0% Medium with 1,200 records.
The states of Veracruz and Chiapas are the

Flood Risk of the Agricultural
most affected by floods.
Frontier, Series III
Municipalities with Limit

No records
Very low
Medium
High
Of the 24.6 million hectares of agricultural
greater planted area Low Very high
frontier, 3.6% have a very high degree of
High State limit 2017 Monitoring of phenomena Degree of drought risk.
Medium Volcanic activity Flood Hydrocarbon drought risk
fire Very low
Torrential rain
Low Mudslide
Volcanic eruption
Plague Low
Snow
Forest fire Medium
Hail Drought High
Frost Explosion of
Tornado pyrotechnics Very high
Area Most affected municipalities (ha) per incident Municipalities affected by hydro-meteorological
24,551 sown hectares were considered very vulnerable and In 2017, 343,580 hectares of sowed area were affected; of which 207,289 hectares suffered phenomena (2005 – 2017)
149,170 hectares with high vulnerability. due to drought, being the municipality of Villa de Ramos, San Luis Potosi, the most affected.
In 2017, 761 municipalities were affected by
February 2 2018 3,469,472 2,000 hydro-meteorological phenomena; of which
Municipalities 90.2% storage 948,120 187 suffered due to drought, 112 due to floods
Agricultural areas with very high and high vulnerability were 884,892
Most affected 343,580 and 76 due to frost.
located in 46 municipalities in five states. Of the 16 municipalities municipality Fresnillo, Villa de Ramos, Sinaloa,
Zac. Villa de Ramos,
in Sonora, Guaymas had the highest incidence. S.L.P. Sin.
S.L.P
Lost
Area 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 939
Crops Benito Juarez, San Felipe, Fresnillo,
Zac.
Villa de Cos,
Zac.
Villa de
Ramos, S.L.P
776
Gto.
Sorghum grain, fodder sorghum, maize grain, tomatillo and fodder oats Oaxaca dam 920,837 608,999 286,214 546
571
were the most exposed crops in areas of very high vulnerability. Symbology
1,344,056
395
39 5
Drought Frost Torrential Cyclone Flooding Hail Tornado Snow
Average storage rain
119 dams registered volumes above 50% of their capacity. May 5 2017 Hydro-meteorological phenomena that occur most frequently and intensely in Mexico
15 dams between 20 and 50%. 14.7% storage are droughts, frosts and cyclones. Given this, the SIAP monitors with satellite images of
Two dams with levels below 20% of their capacity. low, high and very high resolution the 24.6 million km2 agricultural area.
Source: SIAP with data from CONAGUA. Source: SIAP with data from CENAPRED, NOAA and CONAGUA.
70 71
Peach
Peach World ranking From the global total volume of this velvety
Mexico fruit, 0.7% is obtained from Mexican
2012 2017 peach trees. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
The Mexican volume of peach in 2017 was 7.4% lower than the previous
year; consequence of a smaller sown area in 14 producing states. 17 th world
producer China generates half of the world peach
production, which allows it to stand out as
Variation (%) 2012-2017
the leading producer.
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 17,535 1,443 -16,092 -31.7 51.3
27 2.5 -24.5 -33.6 398
million USD
300
Chihuahua In Mexico, the popularity of different varieties of this fruit and the national supply level during the year explain
15.3 Of the production value of the volume that is purchased from other producing nations. In 2017, the country acquired 17,535 tonnes. Decrease Increase
this fruit's harvest in 2017,
Average
17.9% corresponds to the Commercial origin-destination
Promedio volume sold by Michoacan. In 2017, peach was imported from eight nations, mainly from the United States and Chile, with 12,896
180 and 2,767 tonnes respectively. During the 2012-2017 period, the number of countries that sold this fruit to
150 Trend
Tendencia Mexico, went from three to eight.
159
2,045,687* Each year, the world imports of

191
198
227
167
163
161
173
176
177
164
USA Greece
Grecia China this fruit reach 2.1 million tonnes
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 and an value of more than 2.422
Estado de
Mexico billion USD; in those flows,
15.2 Germany is the main importer.
Volume (tonnes) Variation (%) Michoacan
2012 2017 17.9
National total 162,866 163,796 0.6
1 Michoacan 31,172 30,091 -3.5 * USD
2 Estado de Mexico 25,597 29,745 16.2 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
3 Chihuahua 230 24,036 10,350 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Puebla 12,299 20,798 69.1
A peach tree can produce up to 1,400 fruits, which can Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Zacatecas 20,511 11,676 -43.1
weight between 31 and 304 grams each; their pit weights
Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
6 Chiapas 8,896 10,341 16.2
7 Morelos 20,277 7,504 -63.0 9 grams at most. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
44.2 45.1
8 Guerrero 8,441 6,525 -22.7 1,600 to 2,700 900 to 1,500 24 to 25 °C Loamy, sandy-loamy, clay-loamy soils,
9 Aguascalientes 7,935 4,239 -46.6 MASL mm pH of 4.5 - 7.5
10 Tlaxcala 5,039 3,986 -20.9 Share in the national 40.7
Rest 22,469 14,855 -33.9 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits 34.3
32.6
100%
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price 29
27
Michoacan is the largest
28.5 producer of peach in
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN Mexico and is also the state
26.6
23.0 that presents the largest
31 NA 26 164 1,341 6.4 8,186 area with ideal conditions.
Variations %
1.4 1.6
Annual
2016-2017 -2.6 NA -11.3 -7.4 -3.9 4.4 3.8
1.5 kg AAGR
2012-2017 -6.3 NA -5.1 0.1 2.4 5.5 2.3 0.9% 0.7% 1.6 0.8 1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.9
2.5
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
The Mexican harvest of the fruit allows for a larger supply between May and September. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
0.3 1.6 14.5 4.4 10.3 10.7 15.7 19.2 10.7 7.9 3.5 1.2 Imports 7.4 4.6 3.6 2.2 1.3 3.2 6.5 13.4 24.7 27.8 1.7 3.6
0.4 2.3 7.9 53.4 27.7 3.8 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.7 1.0 Peach production potential
72 73
Asparagus
Asparagus World ranking
Mexico
Mexican agriculture has the third
largest area dedicated to the cultivation of
2012 2017 asparagus. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
The harvested volume of this stem in 2017 represents the largest of the
last 10 years. In the 2012-2017 period, its production increased at an 3 rd world
producer 3 rd world
producer In 1.4 million hectares, farmers from Variation (%) 2012-2017
average annual rate of 15.4%. China harvest 88% of the world Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Percentage of the production value by state 119,789 tonnes 245,681 tonnes production of this vegetable stem.
Volume
2012-2017 National production volume tonnes 664 161,033 160,369 61.9 53
Baja California
Sonora
57.7 million USD 2.7 280 277.3 92.7 84.5
300 This agricultural good has export vocation; the economic value for its foreign sale places it in the 20 place of the th
Sonora is the main farmer of this Mexican agri-food products that generate more foreign currency. Increase
vegetable; its sown area reached
Tendencia
Trend 15,000 hectares, with a yield of Commercial origin-destination
258 10 tonnes per hectare. The 2017 Between 2012 and 2017, the number of countries that bought asparagus from Mexico changed from 9 to 13.
harvest generated 5.78 billion MXN. The US market buys the largest amount of this Mexican vegetable: 160,830 tonnes in 2017.
150
Average
Promedio In the world, the United States is the
135 largest importer of this vegetable;
Canada
Canadá in 2017, it acquired 228,000 tonnes.
278,708,612*
120
126
170
198
217
246
The second best prospects for

54
64
75
85
USA
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Mexico are Germany and Canada,
0 Baja California Sur which make external purchases of
13.1
over 20,000 tonnes each.
Top 10 in production volume Australia

2012 2017
National total 119,789 245,681 105
1 Sonora 81,004 146,743 81.2 * USD
2 Guanajuato 17,169 33,219 93.5 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
3 Baja California 11,226 31,297 179
4 Baja California Sur 7,528 24,132 221
5 Queretaro 2,861 6,231 118 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Michoacan 0 1,753 NA
White asparagus is one of the varieties grown in the world. Since
7 it grows underground, the lack of sunlight causes the absence of
Durango 0 660 NA
its otherwise characteristic green color.
280 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Sinaloa 0 365 NA
400 to 1,200 400 to 800 18 to 25 °C Deep sandy-loamy soils with 120 mm of rainfall,
9 Zacatecas 0 270 NA 227
MASL mm pH of 7.5 - 8.0
10 Jalisco 0 262 NA
Rest 0 750 NA Share in the national 195
2012-2017 Indicators production of vegetables
Asparagus is produced in areas
100%
152
172 that do not have the best
rural price
conditions for its development.
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 144 There are regions in the
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 118
Thousand hectares 116 northeast of the country with
28 NA 26 246 10,018 9.4 40,778 adequate characteristics that
87.2
could be exploited.
Variations %
0.6 0.8 Annual

8.5 NA 5.4 13.3 25.7 7.4 11.0
0.7 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
10.0 NA 10.0 15.4 22.3 5.0 6.0
2012-2017 1.0% 1.5% 29.2
Does not apply Increase 2012 2017 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.4 2.3 2.3 1.9 2.9 2.7
Exports
In the Mexican harvest cycle, there is a greater production of asparagus between December and April. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
11.4 20.6 19.6 12.0 1.9 1.7 5.6 4.6 3.4 2.6 4.2 12.4 Imports 9.5 1.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.4 0.3 19.3 20.2 13.6 33.0
3.4 17.9 28.9 10.5 3.9 6.2 7.8 5.8 2.7 4.8 5.2 2.9 Asparagus production potential
74 75
Raspberry
Raspberry World ranking Mexican fruit farming obtains the
Mexico highest yields of this berry in the world,
2012 2017 for which the country stands out
Its production shows great dynamism, increasing at an average annual
rate of 47.9% from 2012 to 2017. This growth is mainly due to the larger 7 th world
producer 4 th world
producer
among the main producing nations.
Optimal conditions for the production of

Variation (%) 2012-2017
sown area of this berry. raspberry allow Russia to generate one Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
17,009 tonnes 120,184 tonnes in five tonnes of this fruit in the world. Volume 224 72,262 72,039 -25.9 159
Baja California Value
32.7 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 2.2 684 681.8 36.8 172
2012 - 2017 National production volume Among the berries that the country allocates to the international market, the raspberry is the second by
(thousand tonnes) Even though Michoacan is the state value for its foreign sale; this amount represents one third of the total earned for the exports of berries. Decrease Increase
with the second largest production,
300 Trend
Tendencia Baja California receives higher revenues Commercial origin-destination
110 from its sales; in 2017, it contributed The nations to which this Mexican fruit is sold doubled, going from 15 to 31 in the 2012-2017 period.
1.469 billion to the total national value. The United States acquires 70,250 tonnes of raspberry from the country.
Average
Promedio Canada, Germany, the United
150 45 Russia
Rusia
Kingdom and France are among the
669,177,583*
Belgium
Bélgica countries that import the largest
USA volume of raspberry in the world;
countries with which Mexico could
113
120
15
14
14
21
17
30
36
65
increase its commercial flows.

2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Top in production volume

Main producing states Jalisco
36.6
2012 2017
Michoacan * USD
National total 17,009 120,184 607
30.4
1 Jalisco 12,634 86,060 581 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
2 Michoacan 2,338 21,620 825
3 Baja California 1,800 12,049 569
4 Puebla 0 233 NA Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
"Heritage" raspberry is one of the most widely harvested in Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
5 Estado de Mexico 154 199 29.4
Mexico. It is characterized by its long harvest period and the 2,000 to 3,000 700 to 1,200 5 to 20 °C Soils rich in organic matter,
6 Colima 0 14 NA
suitability of its fruits for freezing.
684
7 Mexico City 11 9 -15.0 MASL mm pH of 4.2 to 5.2
Rest 72 0 -100

2012-2017 Indicators It is produced in areas that do not
production of fruits have the best conditions for its
100% 508 531
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield Average development, such as Michoacan
rural price and Baja California, which represent
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN the second and third states by
/ hectare / tonne
251 280
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN 367 production volume in Mexico.
7 NA 6 120 4,496 18.8 37,413 However, there are areas in Veracruz
146
with the right characteristics that
Variations %
0.3 0.5
Annual
2016-2017 6.3 NA 2.9 6.7 15.0 3.6 7.8 128 180 could be exploited.
0.4 kg
106
AAGR
2012-2017 40.9 NA 40.4 47.9 45.8 5.3 -1.4 1.0% 0.5%
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 1.6 2 3.9 1.7 1.6 2.5 2.4 3.7 3.1 2.2
Exports
Slightly more than half of the national volume of raspberry is generated from October to November. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
9.1 5.2 10.5 3.8 5.9 5.6 0.1 6.6 1.8 10.7 12.9 27.8 Imports 0.2 4.9 2.5 2.5 2.8 18.3 18.9 28.1 6.6 13.2 1.8 0.2
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 8.3 10.1 12.1 11.0 21.7 2.6 1.3 1.6 1.8 6.6 11.2 11.7 Raspberry production potential
76 77
Strawberry
Strawberry World ranking Mexican strawberry fields represent
Mexico 3% of the world's area sown with the fruit;
2012 2017 and from them, 1 out of every 20 tonnes of
Like in the production of other berries, the harvested volume of strawberry
has had a remarkable growth derived mainly from the larger area sown and 3 rd world
producer 3 rd world
producer
the global strawberry harvest is obtained.
Worldwide, 9.1 million tonnes of

Variation (%) 2012-2017
from the better yields obtained in the countryside. strawberry are generated yearly; China Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
360,426 tonnes 658,436 tonnes contributes 41.6% to that volume. Volume
2012-2017 National production volume Baja California
16.2 Value
(thousand tonnes) Three fifths of the Mexican production of strawberry are destined to the international market. In the exported million USD 42 699 657 97 68
volume, 65.7% corresponds to fresh strawberries and the remaining 34.3% to frozen ones. Increase
Trend
Tendencia
603 Michoacan, undisputed leader Commercial origin-destination
in the production of this berry, The main destination country of this fruit is the United States; during 2017, it acquired 272,857 tonnes, which
Promedio
Average contributed 9.597 billion MXN equals 96.3% of the national exported volume. In 2012, Mexican strawberry was sold to 20 countries, and in
200 362 to the national value of fruit 2017 that number increased to 37.
production in 2017.
Canada
Canadá
In 2017, the global imported
209
233
227
229
360
379
459
393
468
658
678,383,546*
USA volume of strawberry exceeded
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1.6 million tonnes; the United
Guanajuato States and Germany are the
4.5 largest buyers, with 276,000 and
207,000 tonnes, respectively.
Top 10 in production volume Chile

2012 2017
National total 360,426 658,436 82.7 Michoacan * USD
1 Michoacan 203,314 484,936 139 75.9 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
2 Baja California 111,708 91,660 -17.9 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
3 Guanajuato 19,600 57,667 194 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
4 Baja California Sur 9,840 9,985 1.5 Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
5 Estado de Mexico 7,246 7,825 8.0 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
Strawberry is the only fruit that has seeds on the 693
6 Aguascalientes 240 3,336 1,290
outside and it can have up to 200 of them. 699 800 to 2,500 700 to 1,500 15 to 20 °C Deep soils with a sandy-loamy texture,
7 Jalisco 8,301 1,690 -79.6 MASL mm pH of 5.5 - 6.5
8 Puebla 0 516 NA
9 Zacatecas 55 301 445
10 Oaxaca 0 173 NA Share in the national 511
Rest 123 348 184 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits 456
There are states that have
416 potential for the cultivation of
100%
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price this product and that currently
384
Sown Lost Harvested
320 do not participate in the
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne national production, such as
Thousand hectares
256 Tamaulipas and Chiapas, which
14 0.001 14 658 12,642 47.5 19,201 represent a space of agricultural
207
opportunity to consider.
Variations %
3.1 3.3 Annual

24.9 0.0 24.9 40.6 61.5 12.6 14.9
3.2 kg
2016-2017 156
AAGR
8.8 -69.9 9.8 12.8 23.9 2.7 9.8
2012-2017 2.1% 3.0% 31.9 16 21.3
33.7 33.2 34.9 37.8 42
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 15.6 14.2
Exports
Imports
The period in which the largest harvests of strawberries are obtained from the Mexican fields is May-June. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
9.4 5.4 7.3 7.7 19.6 24.2 6.6 2.2 1.5 1.4 6.8 7.9 Imports 0.5 0.4 0.4 4.1 12.4 16.2 21.4 20.3 15.8 6.5 1.3 0.7
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 12.5 17.3 19.0 14.9 10.6 7.3 2.7 1.3 1.0 1.4 3.8 8.2 Strawberry production potential
78 79
AGRI-FOOD INFRASTRUCTURE: FOOD PRODUCTION FOR SELF-CONSUMPTION: overview
operational capacity of the sector Retained production refers to that which the
The SIAP concentrates the geographic information of the agri-food infrastructure. producer keeps for various purposes, ranging from Self-consumption is present in many crops;
In 2017, an operating capacity of 22,098 livestock infrastructure projects was registered. expecting a better price for the product, to maize and beans standing out. When
separating a portion to sell at a local market, to aggregating these products, a little more than
The states of San Luis Potosi and Coahuila have the largest number of goat Sale Animal feed Sowing seed Self-consumption
allocating a part as animal feed, or as seed for the one out of every five tonnes produced is
production units with a total of 2,391, while San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo have the next sow, or even for their own feeding. In line with allocated for this purpose.
highest number of sheep production units with a total of 959. this, the SIAP figures give an idea of this reality.
FromDesde
a general pointde
un punto ofvista
view, in Self-consumption: percentage
agriculture
general, enthere are two production
la agricultura existen dos share for each type of grain
systems:
sistemas de producción: el comercial
the commercial one
24.9
yand self-consumption.
el de autoconsumo. 23.0
Goats Sheep Self-consumption means that the producer uses all or part of the production to
Symbology
satisfy their own needs. Among its advantages are a guaranteed diet and that it
2,391 959 7.9
largely adapts to local conditions of climate and availability of resources. 3.6
According to the FAO, the producers that carry out this agricultural activity do not
Of the more than 3 thousand agricultural have sales income, since their objective is not the commercialization but self-
warehouses, the SIAP has the information of consumption; for this, they have an average rain-fed area of 2.3 hectares and
2,057 georeferenced warehouses at the 0.5 of irrigation.
national level; the states of Tamaulipas, Maize Bean Sorghum Wheat
Jalisco 2,681
Jalisco, Tamaulipas and San Sinaloa and Chihuahua stand out for their
Luis Potosi are the states with greater storage capacity (4,869,715, 3,112,072
Percentage composition of self-consumption for corn and beans by state
San Luis Potosi
the largest number of and 2,735,006 tonnes respectively*).
2,125
georeferenced livestock Rest of the country The level of self- Rest of the country
Tamaulipas
facilities at the national level. State Maize consumption of maize State Beans
1,873
Jalisco 4.9 and beans stands at Chihuahua 4.4
Hidalgo 4.1 Hidalgo 3.9
Guanajuato 3.4 almost 25% of Guerrero 3.4
0 1000 2000 3000 Tlaxcala 2.5 production Sinaloa 1.7
San Luis Potosi
Facilities Sinaloa 1.7 5.4 Queretaro 1.5
Queretaro 1.6 Maize Estado de Mexico 1.1
Durango 1.5 Guanajuato Aguascalientes 1.1
5.4 Beans
The livestock infrastructure includes all the activities of cattle and San Luis Potosi 1.4 Nayarit 0.6
Durango Puebla
smallstock, among which bovines, birds and pigs stand out. Zacatecas 1.3 10.6 7.2 Tlaxcala 0.6
Tabasco 1.2 7.9 Tabasco 0.5
Zacatecas Veracruz
Campeche 1.1 20.8 7.1 Michoacan 0.4
3500 Yucatan 1.1 Sonora 0.4
3,059
5.2
Chihuahua 0.9 Rest of the country Jalisco 0.4
3000
Symbology Aguascalientes 0.7 30.6 Michoacan Campeche 0.3
2500 2,462 5.0
2,065 2,361 Warehouses Morelos 0.7 Estado de Coahuila 0.3
2000 State limits Quintana Roo 0.5 21.0 Mexico Chiapas Nuevo Leon 0.1
20.5 Guerrero Oaxaca 8.4
Facilities
1500
States with the largest storage Nayarit 0.5 12.5 8.5 14.6 Morelos 0.1
capacities at the national level.
Nuevo Leon 0.4 9.0 Quintana Roo 0.1
1000 State Sonora 0.4 Tamaulipas 0.1
500 Colima 0.3
Coahuila 0.2
0 In both crops, a large portion of self- The contribution of autumn-winter
Dairy Feedlots Poultry meat and Pig farms Tamaulipas 0.1
stables egg farms *The data refers to the 2017 agricultural year Mexico City consumption comes from the spring- to self-consumption is relevant for
Source: SIAP-SNIDRUS. summer cycle, with an important maize in the rain-fed mode and for
contribution of the rain-fed mode. beans in the irrigation mode.
Sources: SIAP and FAO.

80 81
Bean
Bean World ranking
Mexico
Mexico contributes 1 of every 25
kilograms of this legume harvested
2012 2017 in the world.
A greater area sown, as well as better yields obtained in the harvests of
this legume, are reflected in the 8.7% increase of the production volume 7th world
producer 7th world
producer Myanmar It is the largest producer
of beans in the world; its harvest
Variation (%) 2012-2017
compared to the previous year. represents 19.3% of the total. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
1,080,857 tonnes 1,183,868 tonnes
Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 150,193 75,077 -75,116 -36.3 345
(thousand tonnes) The moment of harvest, variety of grain and market price are factors that intervene in the level of Value
125 86 -39 -54.8 188
million USD
foreign trade that Mexico has of this legume. 10 out of every 100 tonnes of this grain available in the
The production value of beans country are imported and 4 out of every 100 harvested are exported. Decrease Increase
exceeded 16 billion MXN in
Tendencia
Trend 2017; of this amount, Zacatecas Commercial origin-destination
1,156 generated 4.963 billion. Between 2012 and 2017, the countries of origin of the Mexican imports of bean decreased, going from
12 to 8; whereas the number of buyers of the legume increased from 18 to 27. In 2017, the international
Promedio
Average
origin-destination of the traded volume was: 88.8% of the purchases were made to the United States,
1,077 and 51.2% of the sales to Venezuela.
1,111
1,041
1,156
1,081
1,295
1,274
1,089
1,184
568
969
Latin American nations are

2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 listed as opportunity markets
United States
Estados Unidos
Zacatecas for the varieties of this legume
Sinaloa 30.3
18.9 26,918,243* that Mexico produces and
Venezuela
Colombia
destines to the foreign market.
Top 10 in production volume Durango
10.3
2012 2017
1 Zacatecas 305,274 400,356 31.1
2 Sinaloa 113,689 158,227 39.2
3 Durango 110,285 129,492 17.4 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Chihuahua 104,357 87,166 -16.5
5 Chiapas 68,862 63,983 -7.1
There are approximately 150 species of bean plants in the Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Nayarit 72,995 60,341 -17.3
7 Guanajuato 52,499 48,238 -8.1 world; of them, 50 are found in Mexico.
277 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 San Luis Potosi 32,281 42,405 31.4
0 to 2,400 450 to 900 11 to 20 °C Soils with clay-loamy and sandy-loamy textures;
9 Puebla 52,531 41,199 -21.6 Share in the national 60 cm in depth, pH of 5.3 - 7.5
MASL mm
10 Oaxaca 29,608 27,215 -8.1 production of dry legumes
Rest 138,476 125,247 -9.6 2012-2017 Indicators
100%
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price 168 Sinaloa, contrary to the states
Sown Lost Harvested
of the center and north of the
Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 130 125 country, does not have adequate
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 111 136
conditions for the cultivation of
1,676 51 1,625 1,184 16,376 0.7 13,832
99.8 86 bean; however, it is produced by
89.2 84.5 using technology.
Variations %
10.1 10.3 Annual

2.7 -9.2 3.1 8.7 23.4 5.4 13.5 50.8
79.8
10.2 kg
2016-2017
38.3 29.8 62.8
AAGR
-0.3 -18.5 0.8 1.8 3.5 1.0 1.6 30.4 28.9 28.5
2012-2017 78.1% 83.6% 35.4 41.4
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The highest volume of this grain is obtained in the Spring-Summer cycle. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
5.2 13.2 5.4 2.3 1.0 0.7 1.0 2.6 4.5 10.4 36.3 17.4 Imports 3.1 4.1 9.0 6.5 5.3 6.4 7.2 9.7 8.7 16.0 10.0 14.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 6.4 13.9 15.4 9.8 10.6 8.4 11.8 7.6 6.2 3.8 3.9 2.2 Bean production potential
82 83
Chickpea
Chickpea World ranking Mexico contributes 1 out of every 100
Mexico tonnes to the global chickpea production.
2012 2017 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, chickpea production showed an increase of 55% compared to
2016, mainly derived from the increase in the area sown with this grain:
31,578 additional hectares.
7 th world
producer 9 th world
producer
India is the main producer of this legume;
two thirds of the crops are obtained from
said country.
Variation (%) 2012-2017
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 1,669 145,322 143,653 666 -31.6
2012-2017 National production volume Sonora Value 1.9 276 274.1 688 -2.2
(thousand tonnes)
34.7 2012-2017 Foreign trade thousand USD
Sinaloa and Sonora, main This Mexican legume has excellent acceptance in international markets; the rebound in market
Increase Decrease
producing states of this grain, prices allowed the country to generate the second largest amount of foreign currency of the last
together contributed 2.842 five years for its sale.
Trend
Tendencia billion MXN to the national Commercial origin-destination
174 value of chickpea in 2017. In 2017, Algeria and Turkey stood out as the largest buyers of chickpea from Mexico, with 38,000
and 36,000 tonnes respectively. In 2012, this Mexican grain was acquired by 54 countries and five
Average
Promedio
years later by 52.
160
With annual purchases of
165
132
132
272
210
172
138
122
189
54,000 tonnes, the United

72
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Kingdom is emerging as
0 Sinaloa Spain
España Turkey
Turquía
49.0 an important destination
73,960,080*
for the export of this
Algeria Mexican grain.
2012 2017
National total 271,894 188,939 -30.5
1 Sinaloa 191,508 87,509 -54.3 Michoacan * USD
2 Sonora 54,403 55,729 2.4 8.1 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
3 Michoacan 4,557 25,201 453
4 Guanajuato 9,455 9,070 -4.1 Buyer Main Supplier Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
5 Baja California Sur 10,603 7,374 -30.5 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports) 0 to 1,800 650 to 900 17 to 20 °C Siliceous-clayey soils without gypsum, soils with
6 Jalisco 547 2,282 317 Although chickpea is a crop with low water requirements, MASL mm medium to heavy texture, pH of 4.2 - 8.6
7 Nayarit 0 1,044 NA strategic irrigation during its development can help increase Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD)
8 Guerrero 434 453 4.3 its yields.
9 Oaxaca 342 202 -40.9 282
10 Durango 0 57 NA 276
Rest 45 18 -59.7
Share in the national Chickpea is mainly produced
2012-2017 Indicators production of dry legumes with the use of technology in
regions that do not present
100%
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield Average 193 the ideal conditions for its
rural price
development. There are zones
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 177 in Chiapas, Zacatecas and Nuevo
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 129 Leon with high production
117 139 138
100 1 99 189 3,394 1.9 17,964 120
potential that can be exploited.
Variations %
36 38 Annual
46.4 -35.8 48.5 55.4 141.8 4.6 55.6
37 g
2016-2017 83
AAGR
-6.3 -24.3 -5.9 -7.0 3.4 -1.2 11.2 13.3%
2012-2017
19.6% 0.0004 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.9
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
The greatest availability of this legume is observed between March and June. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
0.7 3.8 12.6 47.6 15.5 12.1 6.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.4 Imports 5.2 3.0 1.2 0.0 4.8 1.2 2.4 0.2 17.5 7.8 21.7 35.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 1.8 1.6 10.6 9.3 14.2 12.5 7.7 12.2 11.7 8.2 5.8 4.4 Chickpea production potential
84 85
Gerbera
Gerbera
Estado de Mexico was listed as the only producer of this flower in the 2012-2017 Foreign trade
country until last year; in 2017, Baja California was listed as a new Variation (%) 2012-2017
gerbera producer. The more than 100 hectares planted with the crop Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
in both states generate a volume close to 1.2 million grosses. Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 20 475 455 NA 8.8
Baja California Value
0.6 thousand USD 725 943 218 NA 12.7
2012-2017 National production volume The gerbera harvests of The value corresponding to gerberas represents 1.3% of the exports of plants and flowers Does not apply Increase
(thousand grosses) Estado de Mexico generated made by the country.
Trend
Tendencia a value of 313.517 million
MXN in 2017. Commercial origin-destination
1200 1,131 The neighboring countries of the north are the ones that acquire gerbera from Mexico. It is
the United States that imports the largest volume of this Mexican ornament.
Promedio
Average
957
600
Canada
Canadá
943,002* Germany and the
USA United States constitute
potential markets for the
1,108
1,182
819
882
900
912
906
980
942
939
expansion of the national

sale of this flower.
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Estado de
Producing states Mexico * USD
99.4
2012 2017
National total 906,474 1,182,262 30.4 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
1 Estado de Mexico 906,474 1,172,868 29.4
A dozen flowers in the most important wholesale Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
2 Baja California 0 9,395 NA
market in Mexico, the Central Market of Supplies
in Mexico City, reaches a price of 28 MXN.
Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD)
1,670 1,400 to 1,600 400 to 500 15 to 18 °C Loose and light soils, not very calcareous with a loamy,
MASL mm sandy-loamy or clay-loamy texture, pH of 5.0 - 6.0
Share in the national 1,469
2012-2017 Indicators production of ornamentals
100%
Average
Area Volume Value Yield 1,031
rural price
915 943 The geographical conditions
Thousand Million Grosses MXN for the production of this plant
Thousand hectares grosses MXN / hectare / gross 835 836 725 have little influence because it
798 652
0.1 NA 0.1 1,182 315 12,126 267 694 is grown in greenhouses.
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 5.7 NA 1.6 6.7 10.4 5.0 3.5 468
AAGR
3.1 NA 2.3 5.5 3.8 3.1 -1.6
2012-2017 3.2% 3.4% 0.04 0 0.1 3.3 0 0 0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
One third of the available volume of this colorful flower is obtained during the second month of the year. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
1.5 33.0 4.3 2.8 7.4 2.3 0.0 7.8 4.0 5.0 13.7 18.2 Imports 6.6 4.8 4.4 3.2 10.7 15.9 22.2 18.9 5.4 2.2 0.5 5.2
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 11.6 12.8 12.1 8.9 11.8 7.7 6.4 6.0 6.0 6.4 5.7 4.6 Gerbera production potential
86 87
ORNAMENTALS: sharing the beauty of the countryside SCIENTIFIC NAMES
With a value of 8.714 billion MXN, the production and commercialization of ornamental plants and flowers is one
Some reasons to buy or give flowers
Definition and importance Why is it important to know the scientific name of plants?
of the sectors with the greatest development potential in the field of micro-enterprises in the country; nowadays,
it expands its vision abroad, looking for markets in the United States and Canada as well in the European Union. Day Month Celebration Animals and plants have a unique scientific name
1 January New Year's Day that identifies them throughout the world and in
National production value (%) 14 February Valentine's Day any language; this specificity helps avoid
2017 Production value
(million $) 8 March International Women's Day confusion, as might happen with commonly To know the type of soil To avoid planting species of the same
used names. appropriate for the crop, and Family in nearby areas, since they would
Rose 2,028 10, 15 May Mother's Day / Teacher's Day
The rest of the alternative plants elegible to compete for the same soil nutrients; in
Baja California country represents Chrysanthemum 1,932 17 June Father's Day be associated. addition, they could be attacked by the
1.0 1.8% 18 July Administrative Professionals' Day same pests and diseases.
Gladiolus 1,228
Poinsettia 576 2 November Day of the Dead Scientific names originate in biological classification,
Queretaro Lilium 473 12, 24 December Day of the Virgin of Guadalupe / Christmas Eve or taxonomy, sthe science responsible for classifying
1.6
Carnation 443
living beings in groups. Examples of association by type of family
Puebla
14.5 Gerbera 315
Jalisco Veracruz The rose has gained great popularity, in
3.5 1.4 fact it is considered the ‘queen of all Amaryllidaceae: Brassicaceae: Solanaceae:
red tomato,
Michoacan
2.2
flowers’. Mexico contributes a volume of System of classification: garlic, onion,
chives...
coliflower,
broccoli, turnip, pepper, tobacco…
nine million grosses. radish...
Estado de A taxon is a group of related organisms in a
Mexico Mexico Morelos given classification. It consists of at least
63.7 City 6.4 Apiaceae: carrot, Fabaceae: Solanaceae:
3.9 Did you know that seven taxa:
celery, parsley, bean, lentil,
chickpea…
potato, eggplant,
coriander… petunia…
each type of flower
m ber Janu
ary
Kingdom
Three ways to give ornamental plants and its color have a Dece Phylum
Poinsettias are linked The carnation means:
special meaning? to the Christmas pride, fascination and
Class Octopus Watermelon Pork
season, as they beauty; pink ones are a Kingdom Animalia Plantae Animalia
symbolize good luck symbol of maternal and Order Phylum Mollusca Magnoliophyta Chordata
and happiness. family love. Class Cephalopoda Magnoliopsida Mammalia
Chrysanthemums Family Order Octopoda Cucurbitales Artiodactyla
Gerberas are
r
Family Octopodidae Cucurbitaceae Suidae
Febr
Flowerpot Bouquet Flower arrangement
mbe
symbolize fidelity, flowers related to

Genus Genus Octopus Citrullus Sus
optimism, joy and friendship and the Species Octopus vulgaris Citrullus lanatus Sus scrofa
uary
Nove
long life; violet ones purity of first love;

represent the red ones are Species
Primary flowers are those that you unbearable pain at associated with
want to highlight and which give
relevance to the decoration; secondary
the thought of losing
the beloved. Which
Whichone
one the expression of
passionate love.
The scientific
name is
do
doyou
yougive
composed of
flowers bring contrast of textures,
shapes and colors. Focal flowers are Giving an orchid give Genus and Species
those that have the main role due to means giving the gift
of beauty and a
as
asaagift?
gift? The meaning of
daisies is
Only these taxa
should be written
their nature and constitution, and a demonstration of a in italics
single stem can be much more expressive innocence, joy and
high degree of purity, but blue
than a bouquet of any other flower. appreciation and ones specifically
ch
July
admiration; yellow
represent fidelity.
Mar
ones represent the
The importance of greenery in floral most erotic love.
arrangements is that green is a neutral
color in flowers and plants, since all of Orange roses represent White lilies symbolize
success and joy, although purity, innocence and The rules for creating scientific
them have it in their constitution by Aristotle elaborated Scientific names are written in names are written in the
they also stand for elegance. Latin, considered the scientific
default; when adding greens, you the first classification International Codes of
caution. of living beings in the language until the 19th century. Nomenclature and have been
evoke the idea that the flowers were
born right there, thus restoring their
year 400 BC. NOMEN SCIENTIFIC agreed upon for
June approximately 100 years.
Source: SIAP.
natural essence. May
Source: SIAP.
88 89
Guava
Guava World ranking Mexican fields sown with guava trees
Mexico contribute five out of every 100 tonnes to
2012 2017 the global harvest. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
There are twenty states that produce this fruit in the country;
together they allocate an area of 22,562 hectares, from which
a harvest close to 325,000 tonnes was obtained in 2017.
5 th world
producer 4 th world
producer With a volume that represents 40% of the
world total, China stands out as the
Variation (%) 2012-2017
leading producer of this fruit.
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 1 12,528 12,527 99.5 85.5
Value
2012-2017 National production volume 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 0.012 22.6 22.588 435 103
The exported volume of guava has continued to rise; during 2017, 12,528 tonnes were
(thousand tonnes) Michoacan is the main sold abroad, which is practically twice the amount exported in 2012. Increase
state that generates this
fruit. Its production value Commercial origin-destination
Tendencia
Trend exceeds 786 million MXN. There are seven countries that acquire Mexican guava. The United States stands out, which
315 bought 93.6% of the total exported. In 2012, the number of destination countries was six.
Promedio
Average
299
Canada
Canadá United Kingdom
Reino Unido
21,469,670*
Aguascalientes USA Consumers from Holland
24.2
285
289
305
291
295
298
303
294
309
325
and France like subtropical

Zacatecas fruits; Mexican guava could
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 18.7 fit right in their preferences.

2012 2017 Michoacan
National total 295,398 324,666 9.9 48.6
1 Michoacan 133,621 164,835 23.4
2 Aguascalientes 95,770 87,784 -8.3 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
3 Zacatecas 46,903 50,336 7.3
4 Estado de Mexico 9,364 11,751 25.5 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Jalisco 2,944 3,569 21.2
6 Guerrero 1,980 2,759 39.4 Manual harvesting helps to ensure that only the fruits with an optimum 22.6 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 Guanajuato 783 745 -4.8 level of ripeness for the market are selected. 18.8 0 to 1,400 600 to 1,000 16 to 34 °C Prefers loamy, silty and clay-loamy soils; depth
8 Durango 444 515 16.0
9 Hidalgo 462 438 -5.3
MASL mm greater than 60 cm, pH of 4.5 - 8.2
10 Chiapas 179 343 91.9 Share in the national
Rest 2,949 1,591 -46.1 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits
100%
14.7
Average 11.8 Zacatecas and Aguascalientes do
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price 11.1 13
not have the optimal conditions for
9.9
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN the cultivation of guava; however,
8.2
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne they produce it through the
8.6
23 NA 22 325 1,617 14.6 4,981 implementation of technologies.
Variations %
2.4 2.6 Annual

2016-2017 3.1 NA 3.1 5.0 18.0 1.9 12.3
2.5 kg AAGR
2012-2017 1.2 NA 1.1 1.9 4.4 0.8 2.4 1.7% 1.5% 1.1
Does not apply Increase 2012 2017 0.000001 0.0003 0 0 0.002 0 0 0.014 0.01 0.012
Exports
There is availability of the fruit throughout the year, although there is a higher concentration during the last quarter. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
3.4 6.4 7.4 6.3 6.8 8.5 5.0 6.6 9.4 13.2 14.8 12.2 Imports 8.4 7.7 10.0 10.0 10.4 10.4 9.2 3.8 5.8 3.4 8.4 12.5
7.2 8.4 8.6 7.1 9.4 6.9 7.4 6.0 5.7 7.6 11.7 14.0 Guava production potential
90 91
Tomato
Tomato World ranking Mexican agriculture cultivates
Mexico various varieties of tomato and
The production of tomato continued the growing trend observed in 2012 2017 contributes 2.3% to the world 2012-2017 Foreign trade
recent years; mainly due to the higher yields obtained. The volume
harvested in 2017 was 631,000 tonnes larger than the obtained in 2012.
10 th world
producer
production of this vegetable.
On the planet, the annual production

Variation (%) 2012-2017
of the vegetable amounts to 177
Percentage of the production value by state 2,838,370 tonnes 3,469,707 tonnes million tonnes; China contributes a Volume
Baja California third of the total. tonnes 6,198 1,596,571 1,590,374 -76.4 15.6
2012-2017 National production volume 9.5
Value
(thousand tonnes) 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 4.2 1,583 1,578.8 -86.6 58.1
Tendencia
Trend Of the vegetables exported by Mexico, tomato is sold the most; its international success is reflected
The three states with the in its rank as first place worldwide by sales and volume. Increase Decrease
3,577 largest contribution to the
Average
Promedio production value, generate Commercial origin-destination
2,678 together 9.806 billion MXN The main target market of the national exports of tomato is the United States; nation that makes
for the sale of this vegetable. the biggest imports in the world, from which the Mexican vegetable represents 90.1%.
Canada
Canadá Canada is the ninth world
San Luis Potosi importer of this vegetable with
2,263
2,044
2,278
1,872
2,838
2,694
2,875
3,098
3,349
3,470
1,576,364,038*
13.2 USA Japan
Japón
Sinaloa 215,000 annual tonnes. There
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 15.7 are factors that could boost the
volume that Mexico supplies to
the aforementioned country.
2012 2017
* USD
National total 2,838,370 3,469,707 22.2
1 Sinaloa 1,039,368 937,796 -9.8
2 San Luis Potosi 116,137 340,836 193 Buyer Supplier
Main Importer and Exporter
3 Michoacan 171,039 253,576 48.3 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Jalisco 156,660 219,134 39.9
Globe tomatoes are ideal for the preparation of
5 Zacatecas 139,131 193,363 39.0 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Baja California 189,636 179,574 -5.3
hamburgers; a slice of this vegetable can cover Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
80% of the bun area.
7 Puebla 52,850 129,400 145 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Sonora 82,324 118,526 44.0
1,583
1,550 0 to 1,800 600 to 1,300 15 to 30 °C The optimal soils are light silts in deep soils,
9 Morelos 71,203 115,960 62.9 MASL mm pH of 5.0 - 7.0
10 Oaxaca 96,744 103,557 7.0 Share in the national
Rest 723,279 877,986 21.4 2012-2017 Indicators production of vegetables 1,368
1,293
100%
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield Average Tomato is produced in regions
rural price 1,015 1,159
976 with the appropriate geographical
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million 1,001 characteristics, therefore, the
Tonnes MXN
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne states with the largest production
50 0.1 50 3,470 25,483 69.1 7,345 677
732
match the areas with good
production potential.
Variations %
15.1 15.3 Annual

2016-2017 -2.9 -73.8 -2.1 3.6 6.8 5.8 3.0
15.2 kg AAGR
2012-2017 -2.1 -25.7 -1.9 4.1 14.2 6.1 9.7 22.9% 21.5% 71
67.3
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 46.3 47.2 31.8 25.1 32.6 17.9 0.8 4.2
Exports
There is production of this vegetable throughout the whole year, although there is an increase in November and December. Mostly available Moderately available
9.6 12.7 8.7 6.6 6.5 7.0 5.3 5.9 8.6 10.8 11.2 7.1 Imports 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.7 5.7 32.6 42.2 5.7 7.8 0.9 0.8
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 9.8 10.0 11.0 9.2 9.8 7.3 5.9 5.4 5.8 7.4 8.5 9.9 Tomato production potential
92 93
Lettuce
Lettuce World ranking Two out of every hundred lettuces that
Mexico are harvested on the planet come from
2012 2017 Mexican fields.
The national lettuce production comes from twenty states of the country
which, following an increasing trend, generate more than 480,000 tonnes. 10 th world
producer 9 th world
producer China generates 55.7% of the world
volume of this herbaceous cultivar.
Variation (%) 2012-2017
Percentage of the production value by state 335,337 tonnes 480,808 tonnes Volume 22,383 199,087 176,703 -42.2 154
Baja California tonnes
(thousand tonnes) 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value 9.7 217 207.3 -38.2 137
million USD
Among the vegetables that Mexico sells to the foreign market, lettuce is ranked 7 by exported volume,th
Guanajuato is the state
which in 2017 reached 199,087 tonnes; amount that exceeds by 120,000 the one from 2012. Increase Decrease
Trend
Tendencia with the largest volume of
487 lettuce, although due to the Commercial origin-destination
value of their production, Traditionally, the United States is the country to which the largest volume of the national vegetable is
Average
Promedio
Zacatecas, Baja California exported: 195,608 tonnes during 2017. Sales are also made to other 10 nations.
380 and Puebla also stand out.
Canada
Canadá
214,973,400*
290
318
341
370
335
381
407
438
440
481
USA
South
Corea delKorea
Sur In the world, the Canadian
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 market acquires the most lettuce
from abroad: 283,000 annual
Zacatecas tonnes. Of that purchase, the
15.5
Mexican volume represents 2.3%.
Guanajuato
Volume (tonnes) Variation (%) * USD
2012 2017
National total 335,337 480,808 43.4
1 Guanajuato 68,056 141,783 108 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
2 Zacatecas 58,560 86,334 47.4
3 Puebla 49,092 69,410 41.4
4 Aguascalientes 35,184 51,328 45.9 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Baja California 26,825 23,502 -12.4 There is a large number of commercial lettuce varieties in the world, which
6 Queretaro 33,490 22,540 -32.7 acquire their name according to their type of leaf, color and head. In Mexico, 217
7 Michoacan 15,894 14,935 -6.0 the production of Romaine and "Orejona" lettuce varieties stands out.
800 to 2,500 1,000 to 1,400 12 to 21 °C Light soils of loamy, loamy-clay-silty or clay-loamy
8 Sonora 9,895 14,564 47.2 MASL mm texture, pH of 6.0 - 6.8
9 Estado de Mexico 9,586 12,535 30.8
10 Tlaxcala 6,682 12,245 83.2 Share in the national
140 141
130
Lettuce is produced mainly in
100% regions with high production
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price potential; however, there are
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 88.7 zones in Oaxaca and Chiapas that
91.7
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 78.7 also have favorable conditions
21 0.1 21 481 1,843 22.9 3,834 73.2 to cultivate this product that are
not currently being used.
Variations %
2.4 2.6 Annual

2.9 -75.7 4.8 9.3 24.6 4.3 14.0
2.5 kg
2016-2017 39.1
AAGR
4.1 -36.0 5.4 7.5 13.9 2.0 6.0
2012-2017 2.7% 3.0% 29.3
9.1 9.7
15.6 16.7 18.7
12.9 9.7
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 9 9.8
Exports
There is availability throughout the whole year, although there is a greater concentration in two periods: February-April and July-August. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
6.6 11.7 11.6 11.0 5.0 3.9 14.2 11.9 9.0 7.8 4.7 2.6 Imports 4.2 2.9 2.5 1.3 7.5 9.8 13.0 16.2 15.3 6.2 10.7 10.4
7.8 10.1 11.9 11.9 9.8 6.8 4.5 6.0 4.8 9.1 8.8 8.5 Lettuce production potential
94 95
Lime
Lime World ranking In the global production of lime,
Mexico Mexican agriculture is one of the most
2012 2017 productive. It has a contribution of 14% to 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, the production of lime maintained the growing trend of the
last years; the 2.5 million tonnes of harvest in that year render proof. 2 nd world
producer 2 nd world
producer
the international harvested volume.
From the 258,000 hectares planted with

Variation (%) 2012-2017
The average annual growth during 2012-2017 was 4.1%. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
lemon trees, India obtains an annual
2,055,209 tonnes 2,513,391 tonnes volume of this fruit that represents 17.2% Volume
Percentage of the production value by state of the global total. tonnes 3,015 729,650 726,635 112 16.3
Value
2012-2017 National production volume 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 3.2 500 496.8 204 114
(thousand tonnes) In 2017, the combined production From the fruits exported by the country, this citrus ranks fourth for the value of its sales.
of Veracruz and Michoacan During 2017, the volume sold abroad reached 729,650 tonnes. Increase
Tendencia
Trend generated a revenue of 6.737
2,454 billion MXN, representing 53.4%
The largest importer of this fruit in the world is the United States, which acquired
of the national total.
665,784 tonnes from Mexico during 2017. In the aforementioned year, the national
Average
Promedio
lime was marketed to 28 countries, 5 more than those registered in 2012.
2,184
United Kingdom
Reino Unido
421,812,622* Netherlands
Países Bajos Saudi Arabia represents
USA a potential buyer for this
2,229
1,966
1,891
2,133
2,055
2,121
2,187
2,326
2,416
2,513
Mexican citrus; the imports

2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 of the country located
Veracruz in the Middle East reach
25.7 121,000 annual tonnes.
2012 2017
National total 2,055,209 2,513,391 22.3 Michoacan * USD
1 Michoacan 475,568 711,181 49.5 27.7
2 Veracruz 558,130 658,282 17.9 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
Oaxaca (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
3 Oaxaca 199,535 274,564 37.6
12.7 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
4 Colima 354,705 242,400 -31.7
The seedless lime has low acidity and greater
5 Tamaulipas 43,817 123,169 181
sweetness; characteristics appreciated by
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
6 Jalisco 40,777 89,003 118 0 to 1,500 900 to 2,500 20 to 30 °C Loamy and sandy-loamy soils with depth and good
7 Tabasco 84,106 83,971 -0.2 consumers from European countries. 500 MASL mm humidity, pH of 6.0 - 8.3
8 Guerrero 75,016 79,275 5.7 465
9 Yucatan 126,924 74,244 -41.5
10 San Luis Potosi 10,461 40,596 288 Share in the national
Rest 86,169 136,706 58.6 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits
373 Much of the national
Average 100% 376
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield territory has adequate soil
rural price 234
and climate conditions for
Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 202 220
the production of lime.
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne Michoacan and Veracruz
194 NA 171 2,513 12,625 14.7 5,023 157 stand out as the main
producing states.
151
Variations %
14.4 14.6 Annual

7.3 NA 5.4 4.0 22.3 -1.3 17.5
14.5 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 3.1 NA 2.7 4.1 20.8 1.3 16.0 11.7% 11.3% 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.6 1 0.9 2.8 1.8 2.5 3.2
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
The largest production is concentrated in the second half of the year. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
5.6 4.8 4.6 6.3 8.0 9.6 11.5 10.8 7.8 11.9 10.3 8.8 Imports 4.0 8.0 20.9 18.9 10.9 11.4 7.8 4.1 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.9
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 5.9 4.8 6.9 6.5 9.8 8.8 10.1 11.8 10.6 8.8 8.3 7.7 Lime production potential
96 97
LIME: a typical match / garnish Tamaulipas
In produjo en
2017, Tamaulipas produced
2017 alrededor
about de 100 mil
100,000 tonnes
In Mexico, citriculture is considered one of the main activities of the primary toneladas
of lemon. de limón italiano.
sector, being lime, for its production volume, one of the most important
citrus. No Mexican table is without them. El mayorisproductor
Veracruz the largestde
limón persa
producer es Veracruz;
of Persian lime;
ahí se obtuvo
during en 2017
2017, 53.1% of the
Three species of lemon are cultivated in Mexico: Key lime (Mexican lime) el 53.1% del volumen
production volume was
Citrus aurantifolia, Persian lime Citrus latifolia and Lemon Citrus limon. obtained from that state.
de producción.
Key lime (Mexican lime) production (%)
62.0
Michoacán produced
Michoacan produjo
mil toneladas
695 thousand de
tonnes
limón
of Key agrio (mexicano)
lime (Mexican
21.1 en 2017.
lime) in 2017.
7.1 7.0
Michoacan Colima Queretaro Oaxaca
• It has a round shape; with thin and soft skin, green when unripe and becoming
slightly yellow when it ripens.
• It is greenish yellow on the inside, juicy and with seeds.
Persian lime production (%)

The juice content of
53.1 lime for export must
be at least 45 percent.
15.8
6.8 6.2
Veracruz Oaxaca Tabasco Jalisco The Mexican Standard establishes the minimum quality specifications that must be
• It differentiates from the Mexican lime because of its larger size and lack of seeds. met by the lime for it to be packaged and sold fresh, within the national territory.
• Being dark green during its development, it gradually turns light green or yellow.
• Its flavor is less sour and it has a slightly higher vitamin C content. • It is classified from green to yellow, according to the Official Standard of color and size.
• To consider that a lot meets Mexico Extra, Mexico A, Mexico B and Mexico C qualities, it
must match one of the colors of the Official Standard of color and size.
Lemon production (%)
70.9%
Persian lime according

16.8 to Mexican Standard
11.3 Key lime according to
0.6 Millimeters Pieces per Mexican Standard
Grade
Baja (min - max) kilogram
Tamaulipas San Luis Yucatan Millimeters Pieces per
Potosi California 1 58 - 67 6-7 Grade (min - max) kilogram
2 53 - 62 8-9 2 32.1 - 35.0 41 - 36
• The fruit is oval, with a neck at the base and a large elongated nipple-like protuberance
3 48 - 57 10 3 35.1 - 37.0 35 - 30
at the apex.
4 46 - 52 11 - 12 4 37.1 - 39.0 29 - 24
• Its color is intense yellow when ripe.
5 43 - 46 13 5 43 - 46 Less than
• Its pulp is juicy and its acidity is low, with a scarce number of seeds.
Source: SIAP. 6 38 - 43 14 24 pieces
98 99
Fodder maize
Fodder maize
Even though the area sown with this fodder nationwide has decreased, the 2012-2017 Foreign trade
larger yields helped the fodder maize volume to increase; in 2017, production Variation (%) 2012-2017
reached 16.7 million tonnes. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Volume 13,514 20 -13,494 194 NA

2.7 0.008 -2.692 59.6 NA
million USD
The importance of Jalisco because Compared to 2016, fodder maize exports increased by 70% and imports decreased by 78.7%. Increase Does not apply
Tendencia
Trend of its livestock activity has led to
16,364 a steady growth in the production Commercial origin-destination
of fodder maize; this year, it The commercial flow of this agricultural good is traded only with the neighboring country to the
Average
Promedio north. The purchase and sale between Mexico and the United States is conditioned to specific
increased its share to 34.5% and
12,837 generated 3.374 billion MXN for eventual needs of livestock farms.
the sale of this fodder. The international sale
of the maize plant
has greater possibility
Zacatecas between supplier and
8,271*
buyer countries that have
12,795
11,778
12,063
12,615
13,777
13,661
16,165
16,669
9.3 USA
9,240
9,605
geographical proximity.
Durango
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 14.9

35.2
2012 2017
1 Jalisco 2,592,469 5,745,139 122
2 Durango 2,339,554 2,318,292 -0.9
3 Zacatecas 1,057,976 1,845,932 74.5 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Aguascalientes 1,107,132 1,433,917 29.5
The quality of the fodder maize plant when cut is determined by
5 Estado de Mexico 949,420 1,167,075 22.9
6 Coahuila 664,091 1,063,718 60.2 its water content, which can be checked by looking at a horizontal Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 Queretaro 688,894 726,298 5.4 white line on the grain. 0 to 3,300 200 to 1,100 15 to 35 °C Sandy-loamy, clay-loamy, silty-loamy soils,
8 Chihuahua 1,133,183 648,069 -42.8 83.9 MASL mm with more than 1 m in depth, pH of 6.0 - 7.0
9 Guanajuato 235,644 386,897 64.2
10 Puebla 249,780 336,781 34.8 Share in the national
Rest 1,044,845 996,897 -4.6 2012-2017 Indicators production of fodders
100% The edaphoclimatic conditions
Average
Area Volume Value Yield rural price of northern Mexico have allowed
the largest production to be
/ hectare / tonne
located in this geographical area.
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN
591 2 588 16,669 9,597 28.3 576
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 -2.7 -59.7 -2.2 3.1 14.5 5.4 11.0 16.4
AAGR
-2.1 -49.3 0.1 6.7 6.2 6.6 -0.4 11.8
2012-2017 10.4% 13.5% 0 0 0 1.7 1.7 13.5 2.7
0.008
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0 0 0 0.0002 0 0.002 0.007 0.07 0.1
Exports
Just over 90% of the harvested volume of this fodder is obtained from August to December. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
5.5 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.1 9.6 12.9 29.2 27.3 11.4 Imports 2.4 5.0 2.0 18.0 15.3 8.8 8.3 9.5 10.6 6.3 6.6 7.2
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fodder maize production potential
100 101
Grain maize
Grain maize World ranking In Mexico, the cultivation of this
Mexico grass is one of the most important; its
2012 2017 harvest is one of the most significant 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, grain maize production showed a decrease of 1.7% with respect to 2016;
however, during the 2012-2017 period, it increased at an average annual rate of
4.7%, derived from the increase in the yields of the harvest.
5 th world
producer 5 th world
producer
in the world.
The United States has the most

Variation (%) 2012-2017
extensive area for the cultivation of
22,069,254 tonnes 27,762,481 tonnes this grain. Volume 15,432,216
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 1,623,896 -13,808,320 63.2 114
2,620 395 -2,225 -4.3 121
2012-2017 National production volume Of the 100.206 billion MXN that
The volume of grain maize imported by Mexico during 2017 reached a maximum historical volume again; million USD
(thousand tonnes) were generated by the sale of
mainly due to the purchase of yellow grain. The exported amount is similar to the previous year, with the Increase Decrease
the crop at the national level,
Trend
Tendencia white variety predominating in this commercial flow.
Sinaloa, leading producer of the
27,134 grain, contributed 21.883 billion. Commercial origin-destination
Mexico underwent a diversification of markets in its foreign trade of this grain. Between 2012 and 2017, the
Average
Promedio countries from which it bought the grain went from 5 to 13, and those to which it sold from 14 to 29. In 2017,
23,420 95.8% of the total purchased came from the United States, while 55.4% of the exports went to Venezuela. Japan is the largest importer of maize
in the world, with an annual volume
of 15.3 million tonnes. For Mexico,
the opportunity lies on countries
with a preference for white grains.
24,410
20,143
23,302
17,635
22,069
22,664
23,273
24,694
28,251
27,762
United
EstadosStates
Unidos
Sinaloa
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 21.8 224,180,842*
0
Venezuela
Kenya
Kenia
Jalisco
2012 2017
Estado de
National total 22,069,254 27,762,481 25.8 Mexico * USD
1 Sinaloa 3,646,875 6,167,096 69.1 8.2
2 Jalisco 3,235,189 4,024,864 24.4
3 Estado de Mexico 1,575,300 2,219,616 40.9 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Michoacan 1,801,965 1,911,239 6.1 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Guanajuato 1,217,706 1,642,835 34.9
6 Guerrero 1,304,133 1,357,557 4.1 It is ideal that maize grain has Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
7 Chiapas 1,404,680 1,296,940 -7.7 14% moisture before storage.
8 Veracruz 1,275,318 1,268,916 -0.5 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
9 Chihuahua 1,113,012 1,201,125 7.9 0 to 3,000 700 to 1,300 18 to 24 °C Sandy-loamy, clay-loamy, silty-loamy soils,
2,738
10 Puebla 1,002,278 1,027,726 2.5 Share in the national 2,652 2,620 MASL mm with more than 1 m in depth, pH of 5.5 - 7.5
Rest 4,492,799 5,644,568 25.6 2012-2017 Indicators production of grains
100% 2,110 2,384
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price 2,058
2,122
The cultivation of grain maize
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 1,724 has adapted to the different
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne edaphoclimatic conditions of
7,541 213 7,328 27,762 100,206 3.8 3,609 1,348 the Mexican territory.
1,233
Variations %
336.5 336.7
Annual
2016-2017 -2.8 30.8 -3.6 -1.7 0.5 1.9 2.2
395
336.6 kg AAGR
2012-2017 0.5 -13.8 1.1 4.7 2.5 3.5 -2.1 86.2% 87.8% 132 179 202 137
204
403
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 17.7 65.6 12.4

Exports
Imports
The most significant harvests of this grain are obtained in the last two months of the year. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
20.6 5.1 0.8 1.6 8.5 9.7 3.4 2.1 1.1 4.6 18.1 24.4 Imports 6.6 6.5 8.0 8.1 9.4 9.5 7.5 9.3 11.1 8.3 8.1 7.6
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 2.1 4.9 3.9 4.6 8.7 17.2 14.4 26.1 3.8 0.1 3.9 10.3 Grain maize production potential
102 103
Maize: positioning Mexico with flying colors
Main producing states of white, yellow and other maize colors
The genetic diversity of the maize grown in Mexico can be
appreciated in the different shapes and sizes of the cobs, Chihuahua 80.0% of yellow maize production
as well as in the variety of textures and colors of their is generated in Chihuahua, Jalisco
and Tamaulipas
grains. The 64 varieties of maize that exist in our country
give us a range of colors that includes red, black and blue
tones, but the highest production corresponds to white
and yellow maize. 54.5% of white maize is
produced in four states: Tamaulipas
Sinaloa, Jalisco, Estado de Sinaloa
Destination of maize by color Mexico and Michoacan Estado de
Jalisco Mexico
The volume of white maize completely meets the national
demand,and it is mainly used for human consumption. It has an Michoacan
enormous importance for nutrition and food security in our
country. The production of yellow maize meets 24% of the 59.0% of the production of maize of
Chiapas
other colors is concentrated in
national requirements; it is mainly used in the elaboration of Estado de Mexico and Chiapas
industrial products and animal feed.
Production percentage by type of maize in Mexico and in the world

Availability-Consumption Balance of Yellow maize White maize
white and yellow maize in Mexico Other colors
7.0% 10.0%
7.0%
Livestock
Human consumption 77.2%
51.3%
White maize Yellow maize
86.0% 90.0%
Starch industry Mexico World
Livestock 16.3% At a global level, yellow maize has the highest
18.9%
percentage of sowed area and production volume,
in contrast to Mexico, where white maize occupies
Self-consumption Importance of yellow maize in relation to other grains
the first place.
Self-consumption 2.6%
20.3% Crop Sowed surface Production value
(ha) (thousand MXN)*/
Yellow maize 565,204.0 10,632,658
Wheat 661,744.2 13,288,954
Exports Seeds 0.7% Waste 1.6% Human consumption
4.8% Waste 4.0% Seeds 0.1 2.2% Barley 361,472.9 4,250,574
Soy 266,499.1 3,036,243
Oats 43,341.1 289,151
The cultivation of other colors of Paddy rice 41,935.5 1,094,048
maize different to white and yellow */ The value of yellow maize production is higher than the sum
is important to the economy, of those of barley, soy, oats and paddy rice.
Surface sowed with other colors of maize (ha)
nutrition, culture and tourism of
some states; Estado de Mexico and 15,000
Chiapas stand out by their sowed 11,086
surface and production obtained. 10,000
8,019
6,855
5,000
2,020 1,936
1,076 992
0.0
Sources: SIAP, SAGARPA. Mexico Chiapas Chihuahua Jalisco Puebla Guerrero Michoacan
104 105
Mango
Mango World ranking Mexican fruit harvesting generates
Mexico 5 out of every 100 tonnes of mango
2012 2017 grown on the planet.
5 4
During the last six years, the volume of mango harvest has increased on th world th world
average 6% every year; this was a result of a larger area destined for its producer producer India, leading producer of this Variation (%) 2012-2017
tropical fruit, contributes two of each
cultivation and better yields. five kilograms to the world harvest.
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 1,920 424,072 422,152 -34.2 46
2012-2017 National production volume 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value
7 375 368 20.5 95.3
million USD
(thousand tonnes) The growing national production of this tropical fruit enables the rising rate of its exports to continue.
Guerrero is the main mango Between 2012 and 2017, the foreign sale of mango increased by 27,000 tonnes per year. Increase Decrease
producer in the country, in 2017
Tendencia
Trend the harvested volume exceeded Commercial origin-destination
1,835 375,000 tonnes, which Among the 41 nations that bought Mexican mango in 2017, the volumes of the United States and Canada
represented an income of 2.055 stand out, with 367,000 and 43,000 tonnes respectively. The expansion of the sales scope of the fruit is
Average
Promedio
evident as in 2012 it was only exported to 19 countries.
1,654 billion MXN for the state.
1,717
1,509
1,633
1,537
1,465
1,604
1,452
1,776
1,888
1,958
Canada
Canadá France, Holland and the United
302,346,575* Kingdom are among the
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 USA Japan
Japón nations that import the most
mango; the consolidation of a
greater national share in the
purchases of those countries
Top 10 in production volume defines the future challenge.
2012 2017 Michoacan Chiapas
National total 1,465,190 1,958,491 33.7 11.2 17.5
1 Guerrero 336,870 375,328 11.4 Guerrero * USD
27.6
2 Sinaloa 178,213 369,488 107
3 Nayarit 249,803 323,754 29.6 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Chiapas 162,922 264,827 62.5
(Mexican exports) (Mexican imports) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Michoacan 127,587 152,661 19.7 The classification for mango exports according to their weight
6 Oaxaca 138,084 148,401 7.5 is determined by the amount of fruits that can be placed in a Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 Jalisco 71,475 106,912 49.6 10 pound (4.536 kg) box. 0 to 450 1,200 to 1,500 24 to 27 °C Deep soils of medium texture, well drained,
8 Veracruz 92,095 92,658 0.6 375 MASL mm pH of 6.0 - 8.0
9 Colima 41,058 57,010 38.8 343
10 Campeche 32,568 30,259 -7.1 Share in the national 350
Rest 34,515 37,194 7.8 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits Mexico has climatic advantages
100% compared to Central America or
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price South America because mango
230 can be harvested during two
/ hectare / tonne seasons and not only in one,
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN 214 in addition to producing the
201 NA 189 1,958 7,434 10.4 3,796 192
153 most popular and demanded
160 varieties worldwide.
Variations %
12.3 12.5
Annual
2016-2017 4.2 NA 2.0 3.7 23.5 1.7 19.1 124
12.4 kg AAGR
2012-2017 1.5 NA 1.5 6.0 12.6 4.4 6.2 8.3% 8.8%
96.2
Does not apply Increase 2012 2017 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.9 5.8 5.6 4 5.1 5.5 7
Exports
Eight out of ten mangoes are obtained between April and August. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
2.2 6.2 7.7 12.4 16.2 20.4 16.8 12.0 3.5 1.0 0.7 0.9 Imports 18.6 13.2 14.7 3.0 4.9 3.2 5.4 2.9 1.8 0.4 6.5 25.4
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 0.7 2.7 8.4 10.2 14.7 17.1 18.2 17.2 8.5 1.3 0.6 0.4 Mango production potential
106 107
Apple
Apple World ranking Mexico has 1% of the apple orchards
Mexico by area in the world, where one out of
2012 2017 every 100 apples that are harvested in 2012-2017 Foreign trade
The decrease in area devoted to apple orchards determines an annual decrease
of 0.4%; however, during the 2012-2017 period, the harvested volume of apple 29 th world
producer
the orb is obtained.
Half of the apples harvested in the

Variation (%) 2012-2017
had a 13.7% average yearly increase. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
world come from China's orchards.
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 284,110 931 -283,179 20 223
259 1.1 -257.9 -1.7 51.6
Chihuahua
Trend 89.2 In 2017, the volume of apple The significant consumption of this pomaceous fruit in Mexico leads to the acquisition of surplus volumes from
Tendencia Increase Decrease
other countries. In 2017, the country disbursed 259 million USD for the foreign purchase of apple.
791 obtained in Chihuahua
generated an income for the Commercial origin-destination
producers of 5.56 billion MXN. In 2017,twelve nations supplied apples to Mexico, with the purchase made to the United States standing out:
Average
Promedio
642 279,000 tonnes, for which 252.3 million USD were paid. In 2012, this fruit was purchased from seven countries.
512
561
585
631
375
859
717
750
717
714
2008 2009 2010 2011

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 USAUnidos
Estados Germany leads the global
569,884* foreign purchase of this fruit
Belize
Durango when fresh, with 747,000
2.4 Puebla tonnes; while Spain leads on
2.3 dry apple purchases, with
Main producing states 19,000 tonnes.
Argentina
2012 2017
National total 375,045 714,149 90.4
1 Chihuahua 207,139 589,227 184 * USD
2 Puebla 34,107 36,773 7.8
3 Durango 61,137 32,652 -46.6 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Coahuila 36,752 22,653 -38.4 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Veracruz 9,221 9,431 2.3
To obtain a dehydrated slice of this fruit, it must undergo an artificial
6 Nuevo Leon 6,457 3,967 -38.6 drying process that takes between eight and twelve hours; at the end Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 Zacatecas 3,653 3,411 -6.6 of the process it will only retain 10% moisture. 1,300 to 2,200 1,000 to 1,500 -10 to 10 °C Soils with a minimum depth of 50 cm,
308
8 Hidalgo 4,084 3,270 -19.9 MASL mm pH of 5.5 - 6.0
9 Chiapas 3,768 3,238 -14.1
10 Sonora 1,621 2,395 47.7 Share in the national 263 259
248
Rest 7,106 7,132 0.4 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits The ideal geographical
245
100% 209 202 conditions for apple production
rural price
216
are found mainly in the Sierra
Sown Lost Harvested 187 Madre del Sur, although it is
/ hectare / tonne 166
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN in the north of the country
58 NA 54 714 6,231 13.3 8,725 where most of the national
production is obtained.
Variations %
8.0 8.2 Annual

-1.7 NA -1.2 -0.4 33.7 0.8 34.2
8.1 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
-1.3 NA -1.7 13.7 15.7 15.7 1.7
2012-2017 2.1% 3.2% 1.1
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 1 0.8 0.7 2.2
Exports
The greatest harvests from Mexican apple orchards are carried out from August to October. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.2 24.5 53.8 13.2 6.7 0.3 Imports 8.0 8.0 11.3 9.0 11.7 11.7 9.5 6.6 4.3 6.0 6.9 7.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December 5.1 7.4 19.3 15.1 8.1 3.7 3.4 2.8 4.4 7.4 4.2 19.1 Apple production potential
Exports
108 109
GEO-REFERENCED REGISTERS GEO-REFERENCED APPLE REGISTER
The SIAP in coordination with the UNIFRUT have joined efforts for the elaboration of the apple register of the state of
The importance of having Geo-referenced registers lies on the fact that their results allow to answer four main questions,
among others: Whose is it?, Where is it?, How much is it? and In what condition is it?, and thereby contribute to the Chihuahua, which will allow to know –among other aspects– the production and yield of the crops and, thus, design public
creation of public policies aimed at the development of the primary sector. policies that favor and encourage the production and national consumption of this fruit.
Agreement Legal instrument for the purpose

Sonora,
grape crops Chihuahua,
nut crops
of joining efforts and resources
for the preparation of the register
Oaxaca,
coffee crops
Analysis Of the statistical and

geographical information
available for its integration to
a Geographic Information
Chiapas,
palm crops System
Delimitation of the border of the crop

with the use of satellite images and
Processing remote sensing techniques
Jalisco, agave
crops
1 5
Michoacán, avocado Geo-referencing in field with GPS

crops
equipment and gathering of production
2 4 variables
METHODOLOGY PUBLICATION OF Collection
3
Elaboration of registers FINDINGS
Through printed and
digital media, the SIAP
FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND
SELECTION GATHERING OF and SAGARPA disseminate
FISHING INFORMATION
SERVICE
OF CROPS COLLABORATION INFORMATION the information generated Review of field
Verification/
AGREEMENT Geo-referencing in the in the process information for its
Agave Validation
integration
The SIAP and SAGARPA field with GPS equipment
Avocado and gathering of
combine actions and
Coffee information associated
resources for the elaboration Presentation and
Nuts of the registers with the crop dissemination of results
Publication
Palm Source: SIAP. through printed and
digital media
Grape
LIVESTOCK, RURAL FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND
Source: SIAP.
DEVELOPMENT, FISHING INFORMATION
FISHING AND FOOD SERVICE
110 111
Cantaloupe
Cantaloupe World ranking There are 96 countries in which
Mexico this agricultural good is grown.
2012 2017 Together, they generate just 2012-2017 Foreign trade
Even though the area sown with cantaloupe was smaller, improved yields
allowed for an increase of 1.9% in 2017 production over the previous year. 11 th world
producer
over 31 million tonnes. Mexico
harvests 2% of said volume. Variation (%) 2012-2017
China contributes just over half
574,213 tonnes 605,134 tonnes of the world volume of melon. Volume
Value
Sonora
23.1 In 2017, the national 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 10.7 38.9 28.2 69.9 10.6
production of this fruit The country's cantaloupe foreign trade has two sides: on average, it imports 26,000 tonnes (mainly of the North
(thousand tonnes) Coahuila
American variety), and exports 140,000 (of the Honeydew, Muskmelon and North American varieties) per year. Increase
18.5 generated a value of
Trend
Tendencia 2.947 billion MXN. Sonora,
583 Guerrero and Coahuila
The United States is the country with which Mexico trades most of this fruit. During the 2012-2017 period, the
Average
Promedio together contribute 62.5%.
number of buyer countries increased from one to three, while supplier countries went from seven to twelve.
566 Global cantaloupe exports exceed
2 million tonnes annually. Of
that amount, Holland and France
United
Reino Kingdom
Unido
buy the second and third largest
32,853,224* volumes, which represents an
574
547
559
556
574
562
527
562
594
605
USA Japan
Japón opportunity for the Mexican fruit.
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

2012 2017
1 Coahuila 134,176 152,390 13.6 Guerrero
20.8
2 Sonora 106,684 106,125 -0.5
3 Michoacan 100,025 102,573 2.5 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Guerrero 80,488 98,735 22.7 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Durango 63,443 54,162 -14.6
On average, North American Cantaloupes
6 Colima 12,346 27,481 123 Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
7 Chihuahua 24,768 23,005 -7.1 range in weight from two to six pounds.
8 Oaxaca 23,326 16,882 -27.6 45.6
9 Jalisco 7,657 6,258 -18.3 43.5 Up to 1,000 600 to 1,200 25 to 30 °C Medium-textured soils with low acidity,
40.9 46.2 MASL mm pH of 7.0 - 7.5
10 Baja California Sur 2,188 6,095 179
Rest 19,113 11,427 -40.2
Share in the national 37.7 41.1
2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits 33.5 38.9
36.9
100% 35.2
rural price The production is concentrated
in Coahuila; however, some
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne regions of Tamaulipas, Nuevo
Thousand hectares
Leon and Sinaloa have adequate
20 0.1 20 605 2,947 30.9 4,870 geographical characteristics for
10.7 the production of cantaloupe.
Variations %
3.9 4.1 Annual

-4.5 -89.4 -2.4 1.9 -0.2 4.4 -2.1
4 kg
2016-2017 11.7 11.8
9.1
AAGR
2012-2017 -1.2 -40.1 -0.6 1.1 5.3 1.6 4.2 3.3% 2.7% 7.7 7.1 6.3 6.1 6.8 8.4

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The harvest periods of this fruit make the national supply of cantaloupe possible throughout the whole year. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
9.7 5.9 20.1 8.9 7.2 8.3 7.3 9.6 9.1 5.4 5.4 3.1 Imports 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 4.2 4.6 4.1 40.5 36.2 9.9 0.3 0.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December 5.8 6.3 5.6 8.7 20.8 5.8 0.9 0.1 0.0 10.1 24.8 11.1 Cantaloupe production potential
Exports
112 113
Orange
Orange World ranking Mexican fruit producers contribute
Mexico 6 out of every 100 tonnes of orange
2012 2017 harvested orange in the world. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, orange production reached a new historical high. Even though the orange
groves' area only grew by 90 hectares compared to the 335,000 of the previous year,
the increase in harvested volume reported 26,505 additional tonnes.
5 th world
producer 5 th world
producer Brazil, the leading producer of this
fruit, contributes 1 out of every 4
Variation (%) 2012-2017
tonnes of the global volume.
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 16,553 75,644 59,092 -53.4 245
2012-2017 National production volume Veracruz is the greatest producer of this Value
(thousand tonnes) fruit in the country; about 50% of the 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 7.7 30.4 22.7 -27 413
harvested volume is obtained from the Among the citruses that Mexico offers abroad, the volume of orange represents a share of 9%. The
Trend
Tendencia fields of this state. In 2017, it obtained fruit registered a historical maximum in exported amount and value in 2017. Also, orange juice, its Increase Decrease
4,641 slightly more than 3.78 billion for the main derivative, recorded outstanding levels of foreign sales: 228 million liters and 540 million USD.
Average
Promedio commercialization of this fruit. Commercial origin-destination
4,298 95% of the exports are destined for the regional markets of the United States. The fruit is also
Nuevo Leon
marketed with distant nations such as Japan, the United Kingdom and Israel, to name a few. In 2012,
10.6 the fruit was exported to eight nations, and in 2017, to nine.
Tamaulipas The three largest importers
16.1
United
Reino Kingdom
Unido
of orange are Holland
28,410,423* with purchases of 600,000
4,297
4,193
4,052
4,080
3,667
4,410
4,533
4,516
4,603
4,630
USA Japan
Japón tonnes, France with 516,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
and Germany with 452,000.
0 Veracruz
43.8
2012 2017
National total 3,666,790 4,629,758 26.3
1 Veracruz 1,789,224 2,331,660 30.3 * USD
2 Tamaulipas 522,573 669,512 28.1
3 San Luis Potosi 324,213 368,136 13.5
4 Nuevo Leon 204,750 335,109 63.7 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Puebla 219,546 239,340 9.0 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Sonora 142,985 178,182 24.6 Around 73% of the total volume of a fresh orange is edible;
7 Yucatan 153,595 146,134 -4.9 the rest corresponds to the peel and seeds. Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Tabasco 77,926 93,422 19.9 0 to 750 1,200 to 2,000 20 to 25 °C Permeable and slightly chalky soils,
9 Hidalgo 35,457 60,532 70.7 30.4 MASL mm pH of 5.5 - 6.0
10 Oaxaca 56,800 54,438 -4.2 Share in the national
100% 19.6 19.5
rural price
Chiapas and Nayarit have
17.7 regions with the optimal
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 10.5 conditions to enhance the
9.5 production of oranges.
8.4 9.5
335 NA 321 4,630 8,622 14.4 1,862 8.4
7 8.3
7.7
Variations %
6.9
36.9 37.1 Annual
2016-2017 0.03 NA 2.0 0.6 9.2 -1.4 8.5 6.2 5.6 5.9
37 kg AAGR
2012-2017 0.1 NA -0.2 4.8 7.4 4.9 2.5 20.9% 20.8%
6.6
3.4
5.6 5

This citrus is marketed all year long, although 48% of the annual production is obtained from February to April. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
10.6 15.3 18.7 13.6 6.5 6.2 2.3 2.7 2.2 6.9 8.2 6.8 Imports 10.0 13.7 17.1 12.5 8.6 6.5 4.6 7.2 6.7 1.8 5.1 6.2
7.0 9.1 12.6 11.4 15.8 11.9 7.7 4.4 2.0 4.0 4.9 9.2 Orange production potential
114 115
Nopal
Nopal
The area destined to the cultivation of nopal in 2017 reached 12,731 2012-2017 Foreign trade
hectares, which generated a volume that exceeded 829,000 tonnes Variation (%) 2012-2017
of this vegetable. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 1 49,663 49,662 NA 70.7
Trend million USD .0004 16 16 NA 68.2
Tendencia The volume of nopal exported by Estado de Mexico reached its highest peak in 2017:
862 Morelos generates about half 49,663 tonnes. An opportunity for generating higher income from its international sale is Does not apply Increase
of the total volume of nopal. found in the commercialization of processed vegetable, instead of fresh.
Average
Promedio In 2017, the state obtained
785 an income higher than 560 Commercial origin-destination
million MXN for its sale. The internationalization of this Mexican cactaceous is shown by the expansion of the coverage
of buyer nations: in 2012, it was exported to six countries, while in 2017 it reached fifteen.
Several European and

Asian countries have
15,809,152* Czech Republic
República Checa
incipient purchases of
683
744
724
777
857
787
825
813
811
829
USA South Korea

Corea del Sur
this Mexican vegetable.
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Estado de
Mexico
11.9
Top 10 in production volume Morelos

2012 2017 * USD
Mexico City
National total 856,543 829,468 -3.2 23.3
1 Morelos 341,642 375,437 9.9
2 Mexico City 336,883 203,843 -39.5 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
3 Estado de Mexico 81,345 90,737 11.5 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Puebla 12,912 31,904 147
5 Jalisco 22,363 31,124 39.2 The most common size of this vegetable when sold Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Michoacan 6,713 21,623 222 is from 15 to 20 cm long, with an average weight of
7 Baja California 17,157 14,667 -14.5 100 grams per piece. 16 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Tamaulipas 7,150 12,680 77.4
14 0 to 2,600 Up to 400 mm 18 to 26 °C Sandy and clay soils with high salt contents,
9 Aguascalientes 10,230 9,581 -6.3
10 Zacatecas 4,032 8,090 101
MASL pH of 6.5 - 8.5
Rest 16,118 29,782 84.8
100%
9.5
The largest production of
rural price 9.4
nopal is located in the central
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN zone of Mexico; however,
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 8 the geographic conditions
13 NA 12 829 1,742 68.7 2,100 3.7
of Chihuahua, Coahuila
3.6
4.1 and Durango can also be
Variations %
6.2 6.4 Annual

0.9 NA -1.3 2.3 -15.5 3.6 -17.4 exploited for its growth.
6.3 kg
2016-2017
2.9
AAGR
2012-2017 0.4 NA -0.1 -0.6 4.5 -0.6 5.1 6.9% 5.1%
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0004 Exports
The largest crops of this vegetable are obtained during the second quarter of the year. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
2.6 12.0 10.0 18.3 11.7 10.7 7.3 6.0 4.5 4.6 5.1 7.2 Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 7.0 8.0 12.1 8.8 8.3 7.6 8.2 8.1 7.5 8.9 7.7 7.8 Nopal production potential
116 117
Nuts
Nuts World ranking There are 54 nut producing countries;
Mexico among them Mexico appears in one
2012 2017 of the first places by volume, which 2012-2017 Foreign trade
During the 2012-2017 period, nut production registered steady growth.
In the last year, the harvests of walnut trees reported a volume that 5 th world
producer 5 th world
producer
represents 3.8% of the global total.
In an area of 487,000 hectares, China

Variation (%) 2012-2017
exceeds 147,000 tonnes of the fruit, which is a reflection of the increased Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
generates almost 48% of the total
area sown with this crop. 110,605 tonnes 147,198 tonnes production of nuts in the world. Volume
2012-2017 National production volume Sonora Value
12.9 Chihuahua 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 135 610 475 263 119
Chihuahua is by far the largest This fruit ranks 13 among the agri-food goods of Mexico that generate the most foreign
th
Tendencia
Trend Increase
Coahuila currency for their sale abroad, mainly for the pecan variety. Imports of the fruit are made in
149 11.1 producer of this product in
periods during which the national harvest is minimal or null.
the country, and during 2017,
Average
Promedio its production of almost Commercial origin-destination
112 93,000 tonnes generated In 2017, the nuts that Mexico bought abroad came from 10 different countries, while sales
revenue for 7.45 billion MXN. were made to 17 nations. Six years before, it was purchased from 9 and sold to 13. Most of the
Mexican foreign trade of this fruit takes place with the United States.
In the world, Turkey is

the largest importer of
shelled nuts (59,000
556,625,875*
USA tonnes annually), while
115
111
107
126
123
142
147
80
77
96
Hong Kong
Germany leads the
2008 2009 2010 2011
0.0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Vietnam purchase of unshelled
nuts (31,000 tonnes).
2012 2017
1 Chihuahua 60,031 92,939 54.8
2 Sonora 17,147 19,715 15.0
3 Coahuila 15,003 15,955 6.3 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
Pecan is the main variety grown in Mexico; its shell, (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Durango 6,549 8,456 29.1 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Nuevo Leon 6,080 4,534 -25.4 known as "paper husk", represents between 45 and
6 Hidalgo 2,751 2,584 -6.1 50% of its weight. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 San Luis Potosi 568 852 49.9
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 0 to 1,800 0 to 800 mm 19 to 29 °C Soils with medium to heavy texture,
8 Estado de Mexico 197 401 104 MASL pH of 6.5 - 7.5
9 Aguascalientes 369 391 6.0 Share in the national 666
10 Oaxaca 478 362 -24.3 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits
Rest 1,432 1,010 -29.5 610
100%
Average
405
464
There are parts of the Bajio
region, north of Nuevo Leon
Tonnes MXN
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne and Tamaulipas with favorable
278 270
geographical conditions for
123 NA 90 147 11,407 1.6 77,494 200
172 the production of nuts.
Variations %
0.8 1
Annual
2016-2017 7.8 NA 8.0 3.8 16.6 -3.9 12.3 93.8
132
135
0.9 kg 116 133
AAGR
2012-2017 4.6 NA 5.3 5.9 19.0 0.6 12.4 0.6% 0.7% 37.3
76 85.8
17.4 15.8 18.6 25.8
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
Nut harvests are practically entirely generated during the last months of the year. Mostly available Least or not available
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 19.2 32.8 47.0 Imports 15.6 13.6 13.6 7.8 8.7 8.3 12.1 4.0 9.0 3.3 1.5 2.5
10.9 5.3 6.2 4.7 5.6 4.6 3.8 3.5 4.5 13.0 17.5 20.4 Nut production potential
118 119
Potato
Potato World ranking The Mexican volume of this crop
Mexico contributes five out of every thousand
2012 2017 tonnes to the world harvest. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
From the twenty-two states that produced the tuber in 2017, a dozen of them
show a decrease in their production volume, which caused a 4.5% reduction 34 th world
producer 31 st world
producer The large area sown with potato in China
allows it to be a leading producer of this
Variation (%) 2012-2017
of the national potato harvest compared to the previous year. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
tuber, although its yields are lower than
Percentage of the production value by state the international average.
tonnes 118,367 2,146 -116,221 31.4 31.7
(thousand tonnes) Sonora 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value 49.7 1.2 -48.5 29.2 58.2
24.5 million USD
Trend Even though Mexico has a significant harvest of potato, the growing internal demand leads
Tendencia Sonora and Sinaloa are the main to the international purchase of this tuber; the volume acquired represents one tenth of the Increase
1,782 producers of potatoes in the country; national consumption.
Average
Promedio
during 2017, the volume of their crops
generated a total income of 4.685 Commercial origin-destination
1,649 The largest volume of potatoes that Mexico imports comes from the United States; in 2017,
billion MXN. With smaller productions,
Veracruz and Nuevo Leon obtained the country acquired 118,000 tonnes for which it paid 49.2 million USD. The rest of the
more than 1 billion MXN each for the imported volume was purchased from seven other countries.
commercialization of potato crops.
1,670
1,500
1,537
1,433
1,802
1,630
1,679
1,727
1,797
1,715
Global imports of the tuber

United
Estados States
Unidos
Sinaloa
reach over 12.5 million tonnes
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1,206,582*
0 17.0 Belize per year. The countries with the
most significant purchases are:
Veracruz Costa Rica
10.0 Belgium, Holland and Spain.
2012 2017
National total 1,801,618 1,715,499 -4.8 * USD
1 Sonora 412,065 436,213 5.9
2 Sinaloa 342,406 332,101 -3.0
3 Puebla 124,283 168,819 35.8 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Veracruz 168,412 143,003 -15.1
5 Estado de Mexico 133,225 141,418 6.1
Potato is an important part of the world food system;
6 Nuevo Leon 143,423 91,765 -36.0 it is the fourth largest production in the world.
7 Baja California Sur 75,375 89,808 19.1
1,500 to 2,600 400 to 1,200 mm 15 to 20 °C Loamy sandy textured soils with high organic
8 Jalisco 63,216 67,268 6.4
9 Chihuahua 77,548 63,164 -18.5 49.7 MASL content, pH of 4.8 - 5.6
10 Michoacan 63,738 46,313 -27.3 Share in the national 44.8
47.4
46
Rest 197,928 135,627 -31.5 2012-2017 Indicators production of tubers
43.4 The areas with the best
100% 42.2
Average
35.5 38 38.4 edaphoclimatic conditions are
33.3
located on the Trans-Mexican
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN Volcanic Belt, where Estado de
Mexico, Puebla and Veracruz stand
59 0.05 59 1,715 11,273 29.0 6,571 out in the production of potatoes.
Variations %
14.7 14.9 Annual

-8.0 -62.8 -7.9 -4.5 4.2 3.7 9.1
14.8 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 -3.0 -51.6 -2.5 -1.0 1.1 1.5 2.1 95.9% 92.8%
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.2
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
The availability of this tuber remains throughout the year; although the harvest volume is higher from January to March. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
4.7 13.1 13.5 12.1 6.1 8.0 5.3 5.0 3.6 11.4 11.9 5.3 Imports 7.9 7.4 7.9 7.2 8.5 7.5 7.2 8.4 8.4 9.5 9.4 10.7
9.1 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 12.3 9.7 12.4 11.5 11.3 16.9 Potato production potential
120 121
Papaya
Papaya World ranking Mexican papaya harvests
Mexico represent 7.3% of the total
2012 2017 volume of this fruit in the world.
The production of papaya during the 2012-2017 period increased at
an average annual rate of 6.2%, reaching a historical maximum of the 5 th world
producer 3 rd world
producer The global production of the fruit
amounts to slightly more than 13
Variation (%) 2012-2017
harvested volume in the last year: 961,768 tonnes of the fruit. million tonnes; India harvests Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
712,917 tonnes 961,768 tonnes 44% of said volume. Volume
(thousand tonnes) 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value 0.149 77 76.851 104 33.2
There is no country with more international sales of papaya than Mexico; of the 361,000 annual tons million USD
Trend In 2017, there were 19 states that exported in the world, the Mexican volume represents 45.1%. Likewise, the national foreign sale of Increase
Tendencia
produced the fruit. Among them, this fruit in 2017 exceeded by 56,000 tonnes the one of six years earlier.
988 Oaxaca, Colima and Chiapas,
Average
Promedio
which obtained the highest
772 The ever increasing acceptance of this Mexican fruit in the international market has allowed the
income for its sale. Altogether,
number of buyer countries to double between 2012 and 2017, going from eight to sixteen. The United
they obtained 3.195 billion MXN.
States is the main destination of this good, conducting the largest imports in the orb.
653
707
616
634
713
765
836
884
952
962
Canada
Canadá Germany
Alemania
76,219,017*
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 USA
Singapore and El Salvador rank
second and third respectively
among the nations that import
Top 10 in production volume more of this tropical fruit, and
Main producing states they do not purchase from Mexico.
Colima
2012 2017
1 Oaxaca 122,691 288,160 135
2 Colima 82,391 167,805 104 Chiapas
14.0 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
3 Chiapas 147,942 145,511 -1.6 Oaxaca (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Veracruz 121,676 106,895 -12.1 31.4
The Maradol variety, of Cuban origin, is the most commonly
5 Michoacan 42,778 79,889 86.8 sown variety in Mexico; the weight of a fruit with a quality Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Guerrero 45,601 43,232 -5.2 seal ranges between 1.5 and 2.6 kilograms.
7 Campeche 23,642 26,862 13.6 91 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Jalisco 24,938 24,768 -0.7 86.7 0 to 800 800 to 2,000 21 to 33 °C Loamy soils of medium texture and moderate depth,
9 Yucatan 20,050 18,272 -8.9 81 MASL mm pH of 6.0 - 6.5
10 Tabasco 3,511 11,191 219 Share in the national
Rest 77,697 49,184 -36.7 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits 77
100%
Average 57.8
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price 60.6 Oaxaca, Chiapas and
Veracruz leverage their
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 44.4
/ hectare / tonne 40.4 geographical conditions for
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN
40.9
the production of papaya.
19 NA 17 962 4,948 57.7 5,145 35.5
Variations %
6.4 6.6 Annual

-3.1 NA -0.9 1.0 5.1 2.0 4.0
6.5 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
2.9 NA 3.2 6.2 13.2 2.9 6.7
2012-2017 4.1% 4.3% 0 0 0 0.002 0.073 0.006 0 0.212 0.265 0.149
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The national production of the fruit is harvested throughout the year, although a higher volume is obtained in February and March. Mostly available Moderately available
8.2 10.1 11.4 7.9 9.2 8.6 7.7 7.5 6.4 6.8 7.7 8.5 Imports 5.7 0.2 16.9 13.8 10.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 17.2 19.4 6.9 6.9
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 9.0 8.9 11.5 9.8 11.9 10.4 9.2 5.7 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.6 Papaya production potential
122 123
Cucumber
Cucumber World ranking
Mexico
The Mexican harvest of this plant of
the Cucurbitacea family contributes
2012 2017 1 of each 100 tonnes to the volume
The national area sown with cucumber in 2017 had a coverage of 20,000
hectares, from which 956,000 tonnes were harvested. 8 th world
producer 7th world
producer
generated globally.
With a visible advantage, Chinese

Variation (%) 2012-2017
agriculture leads the harvest of Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Percentage of the production value by state 640,508 tonnes 956,005 tonnes cucumber, contributing 77% to the Volume
2012-2017 National production volume Baja California international supply of this vegetable. tonnes 0 761,391 761,391 -100 41.1
13.1
(thousand tonnes) Sonora 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value
0 314 314 -100 101
20.3 million USD
In 2017, the exported national cucumber volume reached a historical peak once again, reaching
Trend
Tendencia Sinaloa and Sonora stand out 761,391 tonnes. The value generated from external sales places the vegetable in 18th place among Increase Decrease
975 as the states with the highest the agri-food products that bring the most foreign currency to Mexico.
income obtained from the sale
of cucumber; 1.780 and 1.114 Commercial origin-destination
Average
Promedio billion MXN, respectively. The North American market is the largest buyer of Mexican cucumber; in 2017, the United States
648 acquired 754,806 tonnes and Canada 6,430. In the aforementioned year, the vegetable was The United States performs the largest
exported to five countries, three more than in 2012. foreign purchases of this vegetable
(882,000 tonnes in 2017). Mexico is its
main supplier, although Germany also
Canada
Canadá
represents an ideal market for the sale
502
477
425
641
637
708
818
886
956
434
Sinaloa 309,011,171* of Mexican cucumber, since it is the

32.3 USA
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 second largest buyer in the world.
Costa Rica

2012 2017
1 Sinaloa 283,329 329,501 16.3
2 Sonora 65,146 192,379 195
3 Michoacan 79,304 107,694 35.8 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Baja California 43,863 55,189 25.8
5 Guanajuato 7,710 47,904 521 The common bitterness of cucumbers is generated by chemical Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Yucatan 36,632 35,515 -3.0 compounds called “cucurbitacins”, which are believed to be part Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
7 Morelos 25,927 35,394 36.5 of the defense system of this vegetable against predation. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
314
8 Zacatecas 17,783 27,898 56.9 0 to 2,000 600 to 1,200 6 to 38 °C Medium-depth loamy soils,
9 Jalisco 12,587 22,327 77.4 286 MASL mm pH of 5.5 - 6.8
10 Colima 9,547 18,552 94.3 Share in the national
Average 100% 222

193
Chiapas, Nuevo Leon and Oaxaca
Tonnes MXN
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 156
have adequate geographical
characteristics to enhance the
20 0.02 20 956 5,502 47.4 5,756 131 138 138
production of cucumber.
Variations %
1.5 1.7 Annual

6.9 -92.1 8.5 7.9 14.3 -0.6 5.9
1.6 kg
2016-2017 91.5
AAGR
5.7 -7.3 5.7 8.3 17.8 2.5 8.8
2012-2017
5.2% 5.9% 0
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0.003 0.0115 0 0.012 0.001 2.5 0 0 0.0004 Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
More than half of the crops of this vegetable are harvested from January to April. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
11.2 19.0 15.6 10.6 8.7 4.6 3.6 4.1 5.0 6.4 6.5 4.7 Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 11.6 11.1 10.1 8.7 10.3 5.8 5.6 4.1 3.8 6.6 11.2 11.1 Cucumber production potential
124 125
Pear
Pear World ranking One out of every hundred pears
Mexico available in the world are the result
2012 2017 of Mexican fruit farming. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, the harvested volume of pear was close to 28,000 tonnes: 3.6%
higher than the previous year. The volumes generated by Puebla and
Michoacan stand out.
42 nd world
producer With a significant participation, pear
trees in China generate 70.9% of
Variation (%) 2012-2017
the fruit globally.
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 69,354 64 -69,291 -28.3 183
73.6 0.082 -73.518 -17.7 121
Trend
Tendencia Puebla harvests the highest Even when the national harvests of this fruit are on the rise, its imports showed a slight
Increase Decrease
27 volume of pear and Michoacan rebound: in 2017, 69,354 tonnes were acquired.
receives the highest income
Average
Promedio from this fruit’s sales: 46 Commercial origin-destination
25 million MXN during 2017. Of the volume of pear acquired by Mexico, 93.6% comes from the United States, another 4.4%
from Argentina and the remaining 2% from four other nations. In 2012, pear was imported
from four countries.
At the international level, 2.7 million
tonnes of pear are traded every year;
21
25
25
25
22
24
24
25
27
28
2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 of that volume, 271,000 are acquired
by the Russian Federation.
USA
Veracruz 81,997*
14.3 Belize

25.5
2012 2017
National total 21,573 27,929 29.5 Michoacan
1 Puebla 7,094 11,364 60.2 36.3 * USD
2 Michoacan 5,712 9,257 62.1
3 Veracruz 465 2,049 341
4 Morelos 4,924 2,010 -59.2 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Durango 535 635 18.6 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Mexico 1,094 570 -47.9 Of the different varieties of this fruit consumed in Mexico, D ‘Anjou,
7 Chiapas 10 450 4,479 Williams and French Butter pears are the most preferred. Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Chihuahua 529 304 -42.5 Above 2,000 800 to 1,200 20 to 22 °C Medium textured soils with clay tendencies, silty soils
9 Mexico City 258 275 6.6 98.4 97.8 MASL mm with good drainage, pH of 5.8 -7.1
10 Oaxaca 155 236 52.1 Share in the national
Rest 797 781 -2.0 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits 89.5
81.1
100% 85
Average 80
Mountain regions of
73.6 Jalisco, Nuevo Leon
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million 67.9
Tonnes MXN and Tamaulipas have
55.3 favorable conditions
4 NA 4 28 128 6.7 4,582 48 for the development
of pear plantations.
Variations %
0.7 0.9
Annual
2016-2017 -2.0 NA -0.9 3.6 5.6 4.6 1.9
0.8 kg AAGR
2012-2017 -1.0 NA 0.5 5.3 15.3 4.8 9.5 0.1% 0.1% 0.079 0.042 0.043 0.037 0.037 0.051 0.067 0.037 0.048 0.082
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
The largest volume of fruit is obtained during the August-October period. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
0.1 0.2 0.2 1.9 4.3 7.7 11.1 25.2 20.7 22.8 3.8 2.0 Imports 8.2 9.9 9.5 8.4 9.0 7.6 9.5 5.8 7.4 9.2 8.5 7.0
2.7 6.6 9.6 8.0 7.2 5.9 5.5 4.3 7.1 7.3 8.9 26.9 Pear production potential
126 127
Pineapple
Pineapple World ranking
Mexico Mexican crops contributes 3.4% of the
2012 2017 world production of this tropical fruit. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
Between 2012 and 2017, the yields obtained from the pineapple sown area
helped sustain the growing annual trend of 4.5% in volume. 9 th world
producer 9 th world
producer The harvest of pineapples around the
world reaches a volume close to 26
Variation (%) 2012-2017
759,976 tonnes 945,210 tonnes million tonnes; Costa Rica has a share
Volume
Percentage of the production value by state of 11.4% of the total. tonnes 811 88,129 87,317 -22.7 56.1
(thousand tonnes) Value 1.6 42.4 40.8 18.7 77.3
Two thirds of the production of
Geographical proximity and availability of the harvest throughout the year are factors that explain the
Trend
Tendencia level of the volume that Mexico exports to the largest importer of the fruit in the world: the United States. Increase Decrease
921 this agricultural good correspond
to Veracruz, leading state in Commercial origin-destination
Average
Promedio volume and revenue from its sale. The national volume of pineapple allowed greater surpluses for its exports, and in turn, the expansion of
600 792 the territories where the fruit is sold: 23 countries in 2017, versus 8 in 2012.
Holland and Germany rank second and
third in the imports of pineapple, with
284,000 and 145,000 annual tonnes,
718
749
702
743
760
772
817
840
876
945
Canada
Canadá
respectively. Mexico could increase its
Netherlands
Países Bajos
41,909,270*
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 USA sales of this fruit to those nations.
0
Nayarit
5.2
Top 10 in production volume Veracruz

68.0
2012 2017
1 Veracruz 538,749 604,929 12.3
2 Oaxaca 103,116 130,437 26.5 Oaxaca
10.4 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
3 Tabasco 47,506 56,456 18.8 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Nayarit 27,376 46,445 69.7
5 Quintana Roo 10,920 36,521 234
In Mexico, this fruit is classified into three categories according to its weight for Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Jalisco 10,134 33,490 230 its commercialization: “A”, “B” and “C”. The weight in kilograms for each of these Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
7 Colima 16,050 26,960 68.0 classifications is: over 1.5, from 1 to 1.5 and less than 1, respectively. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Chiapas 5,332 7,667 43.8 43.9 Below 800 1,000 to 1,500 25 to 27 °C Sandy and sandy-clay soils,
9 Campeche 0 1,439 NA MASL mm pH from 4.5 to 5.5
10 Guerrero 763 551 -27.7 Share in the national 37.9
42.4
Rest 31 316 918 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits
100%
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price Due to their geographical
25.7
24.8
characteristics, Veracruz,
Tonnes MXN 23.9
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 22.8 Tabasco, Chiapas and
Campeche have optimal
43 NA 20 945 3,966 47.2 4,196
20.7 conditions to foster the
Variations %
6.8 7.0 Annual

-0.3 NA 2.6 7.9 21.0 5.1 12.1 16.9 17.5 production of pineapple.
6.9 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 2.8 NA 2.5 4.5 11.8 1.9 7.1 4.3% 4.2% 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.9
2.3 1.6
0.3 0.4
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
The largest amounts of this fruit are collected between June and August. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
8.2 7.6 10.0 9.8 7.6 12.1 12.7 10.7 5.2 6.6 5.5 4.0 Imports 2.2 12.6 6.3
1.5 6.4 4.2 13.4 7.6 11.9
1.5 6.0 3.5 0.4 10.9 8.4 7.9 12.5 6.3 13.0 13.1
18.3 13.6 12.9 5.6
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 5.2
6.2 13.2 15.3 15.7 14.8 5.3 7.3
9.9 13.0 13.3 12.5 7.8 4.3 3.4
6.2 9.3
4.7 5.9
4.3 5.7
4.1 5.7
6.9 Pineapple production potential
128 129
Banana
Banana World ranking Mexican banana plantations
Mexico contribute 1 of every 50 kilos to the
2012 2017 international supply of banana. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
The volume of banana obtained in 2017 was 6.5% lower compared to the
previous year; mainly due to a fall in yields across eight producing states. 12 th world
producer India contributes a quarter of the world
production of bananas.
Variation (%) 2012-2017
(thousand tonnes) 2012 -2017 Foreign trade Value 0.505 260 259.495 201 113
million USD
Trend
Tendencia Mexico could climb to 9 world place in exported banana volume if its foreign sales growth rate prevails. The
th
2,283 Chiapas obtains the highest Mexican amount sold abroad in 2017 was 1.8 times that of 2012. Increase
production of the fruit, but
Average
Promedio Tabasco’s selling prices place Commercial origin-destination
2,198 it as the leader in revenue Mexico’s sanitary conditions in the plantations and its volumes of organic farming have favored the increase in the
derived from its sale. number of destinations for the external sale of this good, which went from 18 to 37 during the 2012-2017 period.
172,653,413* The international trade of this fruit

2,151
2,232
2,103
2,139
2,204
2,128
2,262
2,151
2,385
2,230
Netherlands
USA Japan totals more than 21 million tonnes
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 per year. Mexico provides banana
to several of the countries with
the most significant purchases,
including Germany, with whom it
Tabasco
could increase its sales volume.
Rank State 2012-2017 Colima
2012 2017 * USD
9.3
National total 2,203,861 2,229,519 1.2
1 Chiapas 778,869 688,900 -11.6 Buyer Main Supplier
Chiapas
2 Tabasco 554,374 599,504 8.1 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
3 Veracruz 282,132 206,883 -26.7 23.9
4 Colima 143,410 178,487 24.5
For its sale, the fruit is packed into cardboard boxes with a capacity Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Jalisco 98,108 173,503 76.8
6 Michoacan 140,621 160,376 14.0
of between 12 and 15 kilograms each, requiring a temperature of
approximately 14 °C for its transportation. 260 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
7 Guerrero 70,618 79,576 12.7
8 Oaxaca 59,911 66,376 10.8 0 to 800 700 to 1,000 25 to 30 °C Loamy, clay, alluvial, ventilated and drained soils,
9 Nayarit 42,387 33,840 -20.2 196 MASL mm pH of 6.0 - 7.5
10 Puebla 26,585 30,440 14.5 Share in the national 169 181
Rest 6,847 11,634 69.9 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits 151
100%
Average Nayarit and Sinaloa have
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price 122
optimal geographical
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN conditions to increase
the productive potential
80 NA 77 2,230 6,966 28.9 3,124 of banana plantations.
62.2
Variations %
13.3 13.5 Annual

0.3 NA -1.4 -6.5 2.0 -5.2 9.1 54.8
13.4 kg
2016-2017 61.1
AAGR
1.3 NA 1.2 0.2 3.8 -1.0 3.6 12.6%
2012-2017
10.0% 29.5
0.505
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0.016 0.255 0.305 0.222 0.168 0.326 0.355 0.321 0.294
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Mexican banana plantations generate a volume that allows a steady supply throughout the whole year. Moderately available
7.7 8.9 8.4 7.4 8.3 9.5 8.9 8.2 7.8 8.4 8.5 8.0 Imports 20.9 0.0 19.6 0.7 3.1 4.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 21.0 6.9 22.6
6.3 7.5 9.0 9.0 9.5 8.2 7.6 8.3 8.6 9.2 9.5 7.3 Banana production potential
130 131
BANANA: tropical fruit of popular consumption ONE MEXICAN WOMAN USED TO SELL FRUIT…
Mexican agriculture produces a great diversity of fruits in 1.6 million hectares of orchards in which around 20.5 million
The banana, a tropical fruit of daily consumption in many countries, is characterized by its thick skin, yellow color (when ripe in tonnes are harvested annually. This volume has excellent acceptance in the national and international markets. Fresh, dried,
its main varieties) and easy detachment. On the inside it is composed of a white or yellowish pulp. For commercial purposes, canned or juiced, Mexican fruit is an excellent food supplement.
there are different identification groups: Cavendish, Gros Michel, Ibota and Pome among others.
MEXI
CO
2016 Banana production by country 6 th
World producer of fruits
4th Fruit exporter
Main varieties of banana in Mexico 2017 Main fruits grown in Mexico
Country Tonnes Ranking (tonnes)
World 113,280,305 Production Exports
India 29,124,000 1st
China 13,066,778 2nd According to the variety of the fruit, its
weight may vary between 80 and 200
Indonesia 7,007,125 3rd grams; from this mass, 20% corresponds to 8
9,75 75, 1 9 6 1,0 8
4,62 644 3,39 729 9,51 577 9,88 03, ,491 424 1,50 670
Brazil 6,764,324 4 the banana peel and 80% to its pulp. 2,51 2,22 2,02 1,33 ,28
th
,65 ,97 8
Grand Naine Dominico 0 6 002 1,95 ,07
2 4
Ecuador 6,529,676 5th
Philippines 5,829,142 6th

Oran Lime Bana
Angola 3,858,066 7th Tabasco variety is the most preferred ge na Avoca
d o
Wate
rme lon
Guatemala 3,775,150 8 th among consumers, for which 12.26
Tanzania 3,559,639 9th Plantain Tabasco MXN per kilogram are paid.
Rwanda 3,037,962 10th
768 164 210 88,
149
961, ,00 945, 129
714, 931 436 283 134 137
Costa Rica 2,409,543 11th 7 658, ,41
9 605, ,45
8 470,
232 17,
054
Mexico 2,384,778 12 th
2017 Municipal surface with banana plantations in Chiapas
Colombia 2,043,668 13th
Vietnam 1,941,935 14th 130 countries have Pinea
p ple Apple Straw Canta
loupe Prick
ly
berry
Av. Benjamín Franklin 146, Colonia Escandón, Miguel Hidalgo, México D.F.,
Pear
C.P. 11800, Tel. 01 (55) 3871 8500
www.siap.gob.mx
banana plantations. India and

Egypt 1,341,478 15th China generate slightly over
Rest 20,607,041 NA 37% of theavailable supply of
tthis fruit in the world. 873 22,
441, 932 889 195
324,
666 12, 399 70,
147,
198 64,
415, ,89
9
528 270, 086
198,
2 16 20,
789
474
The leaves of the banana tree are used in regional gastronomy and traditional medicine. In Grap Grap Black
efrui e Guav berry Cocon Nuts
t a
recent years, its commercialization in international markets has become important. In the case of ut
Mexico, the exported volume in 2017 was greater than 190 tonnes.
Las Margaritas
184 72,
Among the less popular fruits harvested in Mexico, the following stand out: 120, 262
219 municipalities in 19 states are banana

producers. Chiapas is the leading producer Jackfruit Litchi Rambutan Nanche Dragon fruit
Rasp
of the fruit, 37 of its municipalities with 22,193 t 20,742 t 9,681 t 7,742 t 5,530 t berry
No surface the plantation generated together 689,000
tonnes, which represent 30.9% of the
5 to 176 ha Quince Pitaya Passion fruit Star fruit Sugar apple
total national volume.
5,030 t 4,678 t 1,081 t 628 t 379 t
213 to 620 ha
1,252 to 2,564 ha
Custard apple Loquat Star apple Persimmon Mangosteen
More than 3,350 ha Suchiate 259 t 69 t 61 t 53 t 35 t
t: tonnes
Source: SIAP with data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO. Source: SIAP, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), General Customs and the UN.
132 133
Rose
Rose
During the 2012-2017 period, the national volume of this ornamental 2012-2017 Foreign trade
plant grew at an average annual rate of 6.6%, as a result of the increase Variation (%) 2012-2017
in the harvested area and in yields. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Volume 2 2,953 2,952 -89.9 94.5
(thousand grosses) Value 0.068 6.4 6.332 -68.4 -2.4

Trend
Tendencia In 2017, the exported volume reached a historical maximum: 2,953 tonnes, which generated 6.4
Rose floriculture extends across
8,413 11 states, Estado de Mexico being million USD in foreign currency for the country. Increase Decrease
Average
Promedio
the largest producer. Its sales in Commercial origin-destination
7,132 2017 generated 1.47 billion MXN. The United States is the number one destination of the national exports of this ornamental flower;
the purchased volume represents 99.4% of the total. Between 2012 and 2017, there were four
markets for the international sale of Mexican roses.
Worldwide, the commercial

Canada
Queretaro 6,289,980*
value of rose imports is
7.0
6,684
6,696
6,367
6,518
6,559
6,981
7,142
6,814
8,547
9,012
USA around 3 billion USD annually.

0
Estado de Belize Holland is the country that
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Mexico earns the most foreign
74.5 currency for the external
Puebla purchase of this flower.
Top in production volume 11.1
Producing states
Volume (grosses) Variation (%)
2012 2017 * USD
National total 6,558,964 9,011,683 37.4
1 Estado de Mexico 5,415,680 6,887,909 27.2
2 Morelos 561,665 725,525 29.2
3 Puebla 157,892 621,044 293 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Queretaro 374,690 597,075 59.4
5 Jalisco 18,464 154,953 739 One of the main purposes for this flower is its ornamental use; Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Oaxaca 0 8,590 NA although it is not the only one. It is also acquired by the cosmetics, Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
7 Hidalgo 11,556 7,720 -33.2 pharmaceutical and even exotic gastronomy industries. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Guerrero 7,831 5,812 -25.8 1,800 to 2,500 700 to 1,000 12 to 25 °C Clay-loamy soils, loamy-clay-silty soils , silt or even
8.1
9 Mexico City 4,938 1,705 -65.5 MASL mm clay soils, , pH of 6.0 - 7.5
10 Tlaxcala 6,250 1,350 -78.4 Share in the national production 7.3
2012-2017 Indicators of ornamentals 6.6
6.2
Average 100% 6.4
Area Volume Value Yield Regions of Jalisco, Guanajuato
rural price
4.8 4.8 and Michoacan have favorable
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Grosses MXN 4.5 4.5 5.1
grosses MXN / hectare / gross geographical characteristics to
Thousand hectares
potentiate the production of rose.
2 NA 2 9,012 1,977 5,212 219
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 0.9 NA 0.01 5.4 20.7 5.4 14.4 1.3
AAGR
4.2 NA 4.7 6.6 6.6 1.8 0.1 0.692 0.634
2012-2017
23.3% 26.0% 0.396 0.217 0.243 0.098 0.136 0.175 0.068
Exports
Does not apply Increase 2012 2017 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
A significant part of the Mexican cultivation of this flower is conducted so that its harvest satisfies
the high demand that takes place during some holidays and national celebrations. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
1.6 16.1 13.2 6.0 10.4 7.5 4.5 5.2 6.0 5.2 9.7 14.6 Imports 0.0 0.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 2.7 90.6 0.0
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 4.6 20.8 7.0 7.2 19.9 6.2 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.6 7.3 Rose production potential
134 135
Watermelon
Watermelon World ranking The volume of watermelon originated
Mexico in Mexico allows the country to rank
2012 2017 as one of the 10 main producers of this
The improvement in watermelon harvesting techniques has enabled
a greater national production of the fruit; an 11% increase in 2017
compared to the previous year.
11 th world
producer
cucurbitaceae in the orb.
China holds the leadership in the global

Variation (%) 2012-2017
production of the crop, contributing
1,033,524 tonnes 1,331,508 tonnes 67% of the total harvested volume. Volume
2012-2017 National production volume Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 1,213 670,284 669,072 163 19
0.497 127 126.503 78.7 63.2
37.1 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD
In Mexican fruit exports, the flow of watermelon generates the seventh largest amount of foreign
Trend
Tendencia Increase
In 2017, the income currency, mobilizing the third largest volume. During the 2012-2017 period, an average annual increase
1,149 from the sale of of 21,000 tonnes was recorded.
Average this fruit exceeded
Promedio Commercial origin-destination
4.615 billion MXN; of
1,072 that amount, 1.712 In 2017, there were eight nations that acquired Mexican watermelon; four more than those registered six
correspond to Sonora. years earlier. The challenge in Mexico is focused on increasing the volume exported to European countries. Regularly, 187 countries import this
fruit, including the United States,
Germany and Canada, who are the
top importers in the world. Mexico
1,188
1,007
1,037
1,002
1,034
1,020
1,200
1,332
127,312,154* Italy could supply a greater volume to

953
946
Italia
Japan
USA Japón
the German and Canadian markets.
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Veracruz
Top 10 in production volume Jalisco 9.4
2012 2017
1 Sonora 250,250 488,094 95.0
2 Jalisco 127,616 129,923 1.8
3 Chihuahua 123,118 118,116 -4.1 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Veracruz 89,953 114,448 27.2
5 Guerrero 50,264 68,546 36.4 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
For its sale, watermelon must have a minimum
6 Nayarit 65,371 61,056 -6.6
weight of 1.5 kilograms per unit.
7 Campeche 49,843 47,317 -5.1
8 Oaxaca 34,593 42,361 22.5 0 to 400 400 to 600 18 to 32 °C Light, loamy, sandy and silt-sandy well-drained soils,
9 Sinaloa 28,352 39,395 39.0 MASL mm pH of 5.5 - 6.5
10 Colima 38,315 33,615 -12.3 Share in the national 140
Average 100% 118 126 127
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price Southern regions
98.9
of Tamaulipas have
Tonnes MXN
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne production potential
76.0 74.6 for the growth of
42 1 41 1,332 4,615 32.1 3,466 69.1 78.1
74.1 watermelon.
Variations %
5.3 5.5 Annual

5.0 -55.0 7.1 11.0 20.6 3.6 8.6
5.4 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
1.9 -2.6 2.0 5.2 13.3 3.1 7.7
2012-2017
5.9% 6.0% 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.497
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Imports
The availability of national watermelon is higher between February and May. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
7.2 11.3 12.8 14.4 11.8 7.4 7.3 6.5 5.4 5.6 6.1 4.2 Imports 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 11.5 9.7 52.9 16.7 7.5 0.0 1.5
5.7 6.5 10.5 20.2 25.4 4.1 1.7 0.4 1.8 11.4 7.8 4.5 Watermelon production potential
136 137
Fodder sorghum
Fodder sorghum
During 2017, farmers from 16 of the 27 states that are producers of this 2012-2017 Foreign trade
crop obtained larger volumes per hectare. In Sinaloa, the yield during Variation (%) 2012-2017
the aforementioned year exceeded the previous year in 6.2 tonnes. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 0 15 15 NA -90.2
Sonora
Value
0 1,659 1,659 NA -93.5
USD
By value, Coahuila is the leading The production level of sorghum in the country is very similar to the volume of this forage Does not apply Decrease
Average
Promedio Coahuila
17.5 producer of fodder sorghum; required by national livestock, reason why the external commerce of this crop is minimal.
4,332 the sale of this agricultural
Trend
Tendencia good in 2017 granted an Commercial origin-destination
3,151 income for 337 million MXN. In 2017, Mexico only exported 15 tonnes, all of them to the United States.
Among countries, the trade of

5,214
5,081
4,621
3,938
5,429
4,786
4,477
3,218
3,037
3,547
1,659* this fodder when green is not

USA significant, derived mainly
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 from the speed at which the
Sinaloa plant dehydrates; that is why
15.0 it is traded in pellets or flour.

2012 2017
National total 5,428,720 3,546,988 -34.7
1 Sinaloa 374,209 602,078 60.9
2 Coahuila 1,382,891 596,229 -56.9 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
3 Durango 991,367 412,550 -58.4 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Sonora 344,026 369,775 7.5
5 Chihuahua 611,581 344,733 -43.6 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
Prior to its cutting, fodder sorghum for silage must
6 Jalisco 365,318 308,046 -15.7
reach a height of between 2 and 3 meters. Foreign trade evolution (USD)
7 Michoacan 431,982 251,183 -41.9 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Guerrero 207,479 177,458 -14.5 0 to 1,800 500 to 1,200 21 to 31 °C Silty-loamy soils, silt clay-loamy soils,
9 Baja California 297,461 168,226 -43.4 206,631
MASL mm non-calcareous soils, pH of 5.0 - 7.0
10 Nuevo Leon 91,642 60,649 -33.8 Share in the national
Rest 330,765 256,060 -22.6 2012-2017 Indicators production of fodders
100%
Average
Area Volume Value Yield rural price Tamaulipas, Campeche
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million 95,372 and Yucatan have suitable
Tonnes MXN
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne geographical conditions to
68,892 potentiate the production
194 1 193 3,547 1,926 18.4 543
of fodder sorghum.
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 15.0 219.3 14.5 16.8 13.2 2.0 -3.0 23,913 25,408 14,796 1,590
23,167 137 4,332 2,139 1,659
AAGR
2012-2017 -5.8 -27.7 -5.5 -8.2 -7.5 -2.8 0.7 4.7% 2.9%
8,529 0 0 0 224 0 0 0
Exports
Decrease Increase 2012 2017 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Imports
One quarter of all the green sorghum grown in the country is cut during November. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
6.5 4.3 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.6 4.0 15.4 11.5 15.6 25.9 10.0 Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fodder sorghum production potential
138 139
Grain sorghum
Grain sorghum World ranking Eight out of every hundred tonnes of sorghum
Mexico harvested in the world are a result of the
2012 2017 agricultural activity of Mexico. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
1 4
In 2017, the reduced sowing area and the 29,000 hectares that st world th world
were compromised determined an annual drop of 3.1% in volume. producer producer A planting area for this crop of 2.5 million Variation (%) 2012-2017
hectares allows the United States to lead Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
the production of this grain.
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 419,201 6,817 -412,384 -75.7 17,560
67.7 1.6 -66.1 -85.8 1,427
Tamaulipan farmers of this
The level of availability of other fodder grains in the country and the prices at which they are offered in the
Increase Decrease
grain enjoy the largest area international market, influenced the decrease of the volume of grain sorghum imported by Mexico.
Average
Promedio destined for its cultivation; Commercial origin-destination
6,280 in 2017, their production was In 2017, virtually all of this grain that Mexico purchased came from the United States. Currently, from the
valued at 6.364 billion MXN. domestic supply of the country, imports account for 9%, while in 2012 that share was 18.9%.
Trend
Tendencia
5,384
Globally, imports of this
1,115,319* grain exceed 8 million
USA annual tonnes; from
6,593
6,108
6,940
6,429
6,970
6,308
8,394
5,195
5,006
4,853
Tamaulipas
0 Sinaloa 41.6 that volume, 5 million
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 6.8 Nicaragua
Nicaragua
correspond to China.
Guatemala
Guatemala

2012 2017
National total 6,969,502 4,853,110 -30.4 Guanajuato
20.1 * USD
1 Tamaulipas 2,808,108 2,205,889 -21.4
2 Guanajuato 1,495,737 886,207 -40.8
3 Sinaloa 454,873 328,002 -27.9 Buyer Supplier
4 Michoacan 713,877 294,257 -58.8 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Nayarit 366,231 194,747 -46.8
6 Morelos 175,085 186,592 6.6 One seed of RB-Norteño sorghum can Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
7 Jalisco 189,013 179,864 -4.8 generate plants with panicles that reach
8 San Luis Potosi 112,323 96,244 -14.3 a size of up to 28 centimeters. Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
9 Puebla 93,568 94,810 1.3 647
0 to 1,500 500 to 1,000 22 to 32 °C Deep soils without excessive salt contents, well-
10 Campeche 40,258 73,793 83.3 MASL mm drained, with no hardened layers, pH of 5.5 - 7.5
Rest 520,427 312,704 -39.9 Share in the national
2012-2017 Indicators production of fodders
100% 478
Average
Area Volume Value Yield rural price 414 The areas of greatest
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million 397 potential are being
Tonnes MXN
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 348 320 exploited adequately;
Tamaulipas, Sinaloa and
1,456 29 1,428 4,853 15,307 3.4 3,154
Guanajuato stand out.
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 -5.1 33.5 -5.6 -3.1 -1.0 2.7 2.1
AAGR
2012-2017 -5.5 -24.6 -4.7 -7.0 -8.4 -2.4 -1.6 6.0% 3.9% 12.9 39.9
112
67.7
0.01 0 0 0 0 0 1.1 0.3 1.5 1.6
The sowing of sorghum during different months across the producing states determines Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
two moments of maximum harvest: June-August and November-January. Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)
7.4 2.1 0.9 4.5 4.5 17.6 16.8 8.2 0.7 5.6 15.7 16.0 Imports 12.7 9.2 15.8 19.6 13.9 6.9 7.5 4.9 2.2 3.0 2.8 1.5
0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 15.9 37.8 26.8 19.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Grain sorghum production potential
140 141
Soy
Soy World ranking The Mexican contribution to
Mexico the international availability of
2012 2017 soy represents 2%. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In the 2012-2017 period, soybean production registered an average annual increase
of 11.8%, mainly because larger areas were destined for its planting in Tamaulipas,
Sinaloa, San Luis Potosi and Campeche.
17 th world
producer From the volume generated by
soybean producing countries,
Variation (%) 2012-2017
that of the United States
Percentage of the production value by state stands out, with a contribution
tonnes 4,338,242 382 -4,337,860 24.8 471
2012-2017 National production volume of 35% of the global total.
1,669 0.227 -1,668.773 -12.5 331
million USD
Trend
Tendencia Tamaulipas and Campeche
The Mexican oil and food industry demands a significant amount of soy beans, which is satisfied with
550
502 are the main producers of domestic and foreign volumes. In 2017, imports represented 79.5% of the national total available Increase Decrease
soybean in the country; in volume of this agricultural product, slightly less than six years earlier, when 87.2% was reached.
Average
Promedio
2017, the economic revenue Commercial origin-destination
280 for the sale of this crop In 2017, the soybean that Mexico acquired from abroad came from the United States (3.941 million
275 generated 1.046 and 0.683 In the world, China performs the
billion MXN, respectively.
tonnes), Brazil (255,000 tonnes) and Paraguay (142,000 tonnes).
largest imports of this oilseed.
In 2017, it acquired 95.5 million
tonnes. It is followed by Holland
153
121
168
205
248
239
387
341
509
433
Tamaulipas and Mexico, with volumes of

2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 34.4 around 4 million tonnes each.
227,037*
USA
Top 10 in production volume Campeche


2012 2017 San Luis Potosi
National total 247,500 432,927 74.9 16.4
1 Tamaulipas 128,299 148,286 15.6
2 Campeche 16,881 94,843 462
3 San Luis Potosi 50,257 72,250 43.8 * USD
4 Sinaloa 0 30,181 NA
5 Chiapas 26,263 24,049 -8.4
6 Sonora 3,880 19,681 407 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
7 Yucatan 1,674 17,804 963
There are several by-products derived Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
from this legume: flour, oil, sauce, tofu,
8 Veracruz 18,452 17,708 -4.0
milk, and even synthetic meats.
9 Quintana Roo 1,737 6,216 258 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
10 Nuevo Leon 7 1,625 24,521 0 to 1,600 450 to 1,000 20 to 28 °C Neutral, slightly acidic soils, flat, well-drained,
Rest 51 283 458 MASL mm of loamy texture, pH of 6.0 - 6.5
2012-2017 Indicators production of oilseeds 1,984 1,969
1,908
Annual per capita availability Average
100% Some regions with optimal
Area Volume Value Yield rural price
1,701 1,669 conditions for its cultivation
1,515
Sown Lost Harvested 1,582
are located in Sinaloa,
Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 1,549
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 1,502 Nayarit, Michoacan, Guerrero
Thousand hectares 1,357
and Oaxaca. However, soy
266 4 263 433 3,036 1.6 7,013
sowing in those states is not
38.5 38.7
38.6 kg
Variations %
Annual
2016-2017 -4.9 67.6 -5.5 -15.0 -12.6 -10.0 2.8 at its maximum potential.
AAGR
13.1 18.5 13.0 11.8 11.7 -1.1 -0.1
2012-2017 37.1% 64.8% 0.125 0.099 0.128 0.097 0.053 0.201 0.248 0.174 0.044 0.227
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
The harvest of this oilseed takes place mostly between October and February. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
16.9 7.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 7.2 27.6 39.6 Imports 6.9 7.3 7.8 8.3 9.5 7.7 8.6 9.4 9.0 9.4 8.5 7.6
25.0 1.5 0.3 65.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.7 0.8 3.0 1.8 Soy production potential
142 143
Tobacco
Tobacco World ranking
In Mexico, the tobacco plantations
Mexico have higher yields than the world
2012 2017 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, the convergence of better yields and the increase in the sown
38 35
average.
area favorably impacted the volume of tobacco leaf obtained, which th world th world
Variation (%) 2012-2017
producer producer
was 8.7% higher than the previous year. China’s tobacco plants contribute
slightly over 42% to the global Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
15,235 tonnes 17,243 tonnes volume harvested of this crop. Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 16,095 3,591 -12,504 6.1 -51.7
94 23.5 -70.5 -12 -29.8
Tendencia
Trend Nayarit has the greatest crop The country has an unfavorable trade balance in tobacco leaf. During 2017, 16,095 tonnes
Increase Decrease
18 of this good. In 2017, the sale were imported and 3,591 were exported.
Average
Promedio of the production volume Commercial origin-destination
13 reported revenues of 482
million MXN to its farmers.
The tobacco imported by Mexico was purchased from 15 different countries, while the
exported volume went to 23. In 2012, the exported volume was destined to 31 nations.
In both transactions, the United States is the main trading partner. Belgium, Germany and China
are the nations with the
largest foreign purchases of
raw tobacco, with 186,000,
160,000 and 147,000 tonnes,
11
10
15
15
15
13
16
17
8
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 5,841,532* respectively.
0 USA
Dominican
Republic
Nicaragua
Nayarit
86.1
Veracruz
Top in production volume 12.4
Producing states
2012 2017
* USD
National total 15,235 17,243 13.2
1 Nayarit 13,560 15,441 13.9
2 Veracruz 1,387 1,392 0.3 Chiapas Buyer Supplier
1.3 Main Importer and Exporter
3 Chiapas 220 366 66.4 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Guerrero 51 42 -16.7 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Tabasco 17 2 -91.2 A Burley tobacco leaf is the result of a drying
process without exposure to sunlight. Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
0 to 600 700 to 1,500 20 to 30 °C Soils of light to medium texture,
150 MASL mm pH of 5.0 - 7.5
Share in the national 144 143
2012-2017 Indicators production of agroindustrials 136
Annual per capita availability 100% The sowing of this crop could
Average
Area Volume Value Yield 106 105
rural price be strengthened in certain
107 94 regions of the country, since
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 86.2 they have the optimum
80.5
conditions for its production.
8 0.004 8 17 560 2.3 32,500
56.6
48.7
Such is the case of Sinaloa,
Variations %
0.1 0.3 Annual

5.0 -97.2 7.1 8.7 9.0 1.5 0.3 Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas.
0.2 kg
2016-2017
31.8
AAGR
2012-2017 1.6 NA 1.6 2.5 10.3 0.9 7.6 0.1% 0.1% 21.9 28.7 29.2
33.5 34.4 31.2 32.8
24.7
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 23.5
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2016
The largest amount of tobacco leaf in the country is cut between March and May. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
0.4 1.1 20.7 28.8 36.1 8.0 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.7 0.9 1.4 Imports 11.5 5.9 8.0 13.2 4.6 16.4 4.2 6.4 10.6 7.5 8.8 2.9
3.0 4.3 3.2 2.4 5.4 3.0 6.1 8.3 31.3 21.8 9.4 1.8 Tobacco production potential
144 145
Tomatillo
Tomatillo
The cultivation of tomatillo shows an unbeatable behavior, which is a 2012-2017 Foreign trade
result of the greater amount of the vegetable obtained per sowing unit. Variation (%) 2012-2017
Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 0 148,814 148,814 NA 28.4
0 73.4 73.4 NA 79.7
Trend
Tendencia Sinaloa contributes the highest Between 2012 and 2017, Mexican exports of tomatillo showed an increase of 9,000 tonnes on average
Does not apply Increase
719 volume to the national supply per year. Currently, one in five tonnes of the national harvest is destined for the international market.
of this vegetable, but Zacatecas
Average
Promedio has the best sales price, which Commercial origin-destination
654 causes its greater participation In 2017, this Mexican vegetable was exported to seven countries; three more than in 2012. The United
in the total production value. States is the main destination for the vegetable; purchases made by other nations are incipient.
609
648
720
563
595
588
661
684
698
773
United Kingdom
There are six countries with which
73,346,490*
Zacatecas USA Netherlands Mexico could increase its sales of
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Sinaloa 11.3 tomatillo; mainly the Netherlands
10.7
and the United Kingdom.

Volume (tonnes) Jalisco
2012 2017 2012-2017
1 Sinaloa 91,601 150,697 64.5
2 Zacatecas 58,600 89,464 52.7
3 Jalisco 64,903 83,162 28.1 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Puebla 48,579 58,222 19.9 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Michoacan 44,881 49,702 10.7 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
In Mexico, the National Seed Inspection and Certification Service has
6 Sonora 33,337 44,427 33.3
a record of 11 Mexican varieties of this vegetable, among which are: Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
7 Estado de Mexico 42,202 41,227 -2.3
Diamante, Manzano, Tepetlixpa, Milpero, Tetela and Potrero. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Nayarit 46,244 36,001 -22.1
9 Hidalgo 11,226 23,418 109 73.4 0 to 1,200 600 to 1,200 18 to 25 °C Siliceous, clayey, light-textured soils,
64.7 MASL mm pH of 5.0 - 6.8
10 Morelos 17,706 22,610 27.7 66.6
Rest 135,918 174,420 28.3
50 54.7
100%
rural price The highest volume of this
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million 40.9
crop is located in the optimal
Tonnes MXN 33.0
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 32.5
34.9
regions. Its production could
be enhanced with the use of
43 0.4 43 773 3,515 18.1 4,546
26.2 technological innovations.
Variations %
5.0 5.2 Annual

0.7 -49.8 1.6 10.8 16.9 9.0 5.5
5.1 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 -0.2 -28.0 0.6 5.4 7.6 4.7 2.1 4.8% 4.8% 0
0.007 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.014 0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
In the national market, domestic tomatillos are supplied throughout the whole year. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
16.5 9.6 10.0 7.6 6.4 3.4 8.1 8.7 7.1 8.9 7.3 6.4 Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7.9 7.2 7.8 7.7 9.7 8.5 8.3 9.1 7.2 8.6 8.2 9.8 Tomatillo production potential
146 147
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN MEXICO AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS WITH The designation allows:
DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN
1.126 million hectares for organic production The safeguarding of the craftsmanship and traditions of
producers based on quality standards, which in their case
are imposed by the Mexican Official Standards.
The Designation of Origin is the denomination that receives a good with unique attributes in relation to the The conditions to improve the dissemination,
geographical area of its production, to the natural and human factors that intervene in its production for legal promotion and offering of the protected product at a
protection purposes. regional, national and international level.
Main processed organic products
27, 749 162, 386 11, 380 952 , 171 (featured generic products) Mexico has 13 products related to agriculture with A better sales price, while being respectful of the
certified certified sowed hectares being hectares of wild unique attributes that uphold their traditional production methodsand their quality.
producers hectares converted collection Designation of Origin
The unification of the work of all the artisans
Fruit preserves / jams and/or producers authorized to use it, which
Area sown by main products Tequila Product DO generates a spirit of trade union protection.
Safflower (hectares) Agave tequilero Agricultural crop
10,805 Avocado Location
Coffee Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Tamaulipas Fostering the organization of the productive
44,226 9,804
Maize sector and promoting of producers’ access to the
9,291 Agave national and international markets.
7,541
Mezcal
Juices / nectars Agave mezcalero
Fodders Industrial products Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Oaxaca,
7,491 A guarantee to the consumer of the specific
San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas
characteristics and quality level of the good.
Mango
7,394
Sesame
5,313
Orange A legal framework of defense and protection
3,989 Sorghum
Beans Sotol for the producer against imitations.
3,444 Distillates
2,965
Damiana Bread-making products Sotol or desert spoon
2,241 Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango
Chia Mexico-United States foreign trade of organic products Bacanora
1,773 Tomato (million USD)
1,713 Mexico's Exports Mexico's Imports
Agave bacanora
Sonora
141.5 172.1 278.5 154.4 137.9 133.3
Others Others Others Café Veracruz Chile habanero
0.9 5.7 Coffee cherry Habanero chili
19.3
Main organic products of animal origin Veracruz Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatan
Main producing states 15.3 Others
32.3 Charanda
nnes Sugarcane Cacao Grijalva
106 to 43.5 Others Cacao
Nuevo Leon 4, 32.4 Others Michoacan
11.2 Tabasco
1
Coahuila 35.6
Guanajuato 5,912 to 12.9
n nes Chiapas 30.5
Sonora 11.1
Oaxaca 10.6 5.5
Yucatan 9.4 13.5 11.3
Arroz Morelos
s Morelos 21.2 38.7 Paddy rice of the morelos variety
ne
ton Campeche 27.1 9.2 Morelos
Estado de Mexico 37 19.2 14.9
Guerrero 26.7 Café Chiapas
9
Morelos 21.4
Sinaloa 174 to
n
23.0 10.6 Chile Yahualica Coffee cherry
nes
Yucatan 18.0 37.3 Chili Chiapas
Jalisco Jalisco, Zacatecas
Estado de Mexico 131.3
iter
s Morelos 38.9 Vainilla de Papantla
illion l 60.1 55.3 Vanilla
m Nuevo Leon 48.6
Puebla, Veracruz
Mango Ataulfo
71.9
22
Jalisco Mango
43.1 Chiapas
Guanajuato
2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017 Source: SIAP with data from the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property and the World Intellectual Property Organization.
Source: SIAP, cwith data from the Organic Certification Bodies, authorized by SENASICA, preliminary data, and from Data Source, U.S. Census Bureau Trade Data, USDA.
148 149
Grapefruit
Grapefruit World ranking One in every 20 tonnes of this citrus is
Mexico produced in the Mexican countryside.
2012 2017 2012-2017 Foreign trade
During the 2012-2017 period, the increase in the grapefruit plantations’
area was marginal; however, the 0.9% growth in its production during
said period was originated by better yields in some states.
4 th world
producer 4 th world
producer
Around 80 countries have areas with
grapefruit plantations. From them, China
is the leading producer. It contributes
Variation (%) 2012-2017
slightly more than half of the volume of
415,471 tonnes 441,873 tonnes this citrus harvested in the world. Volume
2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 0.532 14.2 13.668 76.9 77.3
(thousand tonnes) The volume of exported citrus during 2017 showed an annual rise of 0.9%, that stands in contrast
Trend
Tendencia During 2017, the value of Increase
the grapefruit production of with the increase in the national harvest of the fruit.
436
Veracruz, the leading state, Commercial origin-destination
Average
Promedio exceeded 558 million MXN. In 2017, France was the main destination of the Mexican grapefruit exports by volume; this country
423
acquired 9,632 tonnes. By value, Japan is the one that disbursed the most foreign currency for the
acquisition of the fruit. In the last six years, national grapefruit was sold to 14 nations.
The global imports of this citrus
Tamaulipas reached an annual commercial value
14.6 of 1 billion USD and a volume of 1.1
5,589,175* million tonnes. The Netherlands makes
USAUnidos
Estados
France
Francia Japan the biggest purchases: 250,000 tonnes.
425
432
401
397
415
425
425
424
438
442
Veracruz
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 48.5

Volume (tonnes) Variation (%) Michoacan
2012 2017 16.2
1 Veracruz 261,549 242,409 -7.3
2 Michoacan 40,500 64,808 60.0
3 Tamaulipas 35,542 52,205 46.9 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Nuevo Leon 26,426 34,902 32.1
5 Campeche 13,514 21,820 61.5
6 Sonora 20,221 12,093 -40.2
According to the color of their flesh, grapefruits Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
are classified as: white, pink and red or ruby red. Altitude
Altitude Rain
Rain Temperature Edaphology
Edaphology
7 Puebla 4,208 6,355 51.0
0 to 1,000
1,600 a 2,200 1,000
1,050toa 2,000
1,150 23
15 to 30°C°C
a 19 Sandy-loamy, loamy
Suelo permeable and clay-loamy
y profundo, soils, offree
sandy-loamy medium
of
8 Yucatan 7,324 2,229 -69.6 14.2
9 Sinaloa 294 1,178 301 13.6 MASL
MASL mm
mm to heavy
calcareous andtextures, pHpH
chlorides, of of
5.36.0
- 8.0
- 7.5
10 Oaxaca 2,285 959 -58.0 Share in the national
Rest 3,608 2,916 -19.2 2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits
11.4
100% 10.4
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price 9.7 Chiapas, Tabasco and Nayarit have
favorable geographical conditions
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 8.7
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 7.8 for the production of grapefruit,
Thousand hectares 8.0 however, its production is scarce.
19 NA 18 442 1,151 25.0 2,606
Variations %
3.3 3.5 Annual

7.9 NA 7.2 0.9 19.8 -5.9 18.8 5.5
3.4 kg
2016-2017 5.1
AAGR
2012-2017 1.0 NA 0.7 1.2 9.9 0.5 8.6 2.4% 2.0%
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0.395 0.392 0.599 0.45 0.637 0.62 0.532
0.309 0.37 0.3
Exports
Imports
The most important harvest of this citrus takes place between October and December. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
5.9 8.1 8.2 7.1 11.6 4.6 3.5 3.9 5.8 16.2 13.3 11.8 Imports 1.5 0.7 0.2 4.1 18.1 29.3 28.0 14.9 2.2 0.1 0.1 0.8
5.6 7.9 5.7 1.4 0.5 1.0 0.5 21.8 27.0 17.6 5.0 6.0 Grapefruit production potential
150 151
Wheat grain
Wheat grain World ranking Of every thousand kilograms of threshed
Mexico wheat grain in the world, five are
2012 2017 generated by Mexican agriculture.
The annual decrease of 9.2% in this grain’s sowing area during
2017 determined a fall of 9.3% in the threshed volume. 32 nd world
producer Of the total global volume of this
important grain, 17.6% is grown in
Variation (%) 2012-2017
China’s fields. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
Percentage of the production value by state 3,274,337 tonnes 3,503,521 tonnes
Volume
Baja California
11.1
tonnes 4,903,043 498,676 -4,404,367 5.6 -20.1
52.0 In 2017, the international price levels of some cereals determined a fall in the volume of durum wheat that million USD 1,027 144 -883 -27.9 -43.8
Average
Promedio
Wheat sales reported
Mexico exported. The breadmaking grain imports made by the country reached a historic maximum. Increase Decrease
3,701 revenues of 6.913 billion MXN Commercial origin-destination
Trend
Tendencia to Sonoran farmers in 2017. The characteristics of the wheat sold by Mexico have allowed the expansion of the geographic market.
3,442 Between 2012 and 2017, the number of purchasing countries increased from 19 to 21. In the opposite case,
there are fewer nations from which the country buys wheat: during this period, it decreased from 22 to 10.
Mozambique, Indonesia, Algeria
and Italy are listed as the largest
importers of this grain, although for
4,214
4,116
3,677
3,628
3,274
3,357
3,670
3,711
3,863
3,504
Mexico the opportunity lies in the

sale of durum wheat to the Italian
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Guanajuato market and some African countries.
10.2 Turkey
60,395,750* Algeria
Venezuela

2012 2017
1 Sonora 1,784,563 1,788,866 0.2
2 Baja California 471,737 396,717 -15.9
3 Guanajuato 339,569 355,173 4.6 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Sinaloa 88,112 273,917 211
5 Michoacan 108,951 227,815 109 If the national wheat production were evenly distributed among the Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
6 Jalisco 102,057 144,172 41.3 milling units of the country, each one would transform around 37,000 Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
7 Chihuahua 108,457 95,092 -12.3 tonnes of cereal into flours and other by-products per year. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
8 Nuevo Leon 39,641 53,079 33.9 25 to 2,800 700 to 1,000 15 to 23 °C Soils with medium texture, loamy-clay-silty and
1,425
9 Tlaxcala 104,752 50,465 -51.8 MASL mm loamy-clay, pH of 5.0 - 7.0
10 Coahuila 22,549 27,311 21.1 Share in the national 1,224 1,267
Rest 103,949 90,913 -12.5 2012-2017 Indicators production of grains 1,189 1,296
100% 1,027
Annual per capita availability Area Volume Value Yield Average
rural price 981 Wheat grain is produced
926
in the areas with
Tonnes MXN
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 798 conditions of optimal
590 692 production potential.
662 0.3 661 3,504 13,289 5.3 3,793
404 407
Variations %
63.9 64.1 Annual

-9.2 -94.7 -8.6 -9.3 -6.0 -0.8 3.6
64.0 kg
2016-2017 299
AAGR
2.4 -50.8 2.7 1.4 2.4 -1.3 1.0 309 144
2012-2017 12.8% 11.1% 276 88.1 256 247
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
In Mexican wheat fields, the most abundant harvest takes place during May and June. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
1.0 0.1 0.0 7.3 61.2 21.5 4.5 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.6 1.4 Imports 8.8 8.6 9.2 7.3 8.1 6.3 10.7 9.2 8.7 6.2 7.1 9.8
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 11.0 6.1 2.2 0.1 0.2 15.2 16.7 7.7 0.2 10.9 0.2 29.5 Wheat grain production potential
152 153
Table grape
Table grape World ranking Mexican viticulture contributes
Mexico 0.5% of the available global volume
2012 2017 of table grape. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
As a result of the increase in the sown area, the production in 2017
exceeded by 84,000 tonnes that of 2016, which translates into an
annual growth of 32.6%.
24 th world
producer One fifth of the grapes produced in
the world have their origin in the
Variation (%) 2012-2017
Percentage of the production value by state 279,967 tonnes 339,957 tonnes vineyards of China.
Volume
Baja California tonnes 78,991 195,899 116,908 20 16.7
Sonora
(thousand tonnes) 94.3 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value 133 246 113 15.7 53.6
million USD
Trend
Tendencia Some influencing factors in the volumes of fresh grapes that Mexico trades with foreign countries are:
Sonora contributes the availability throughout the year and tastes differentiated by variety.
323 94.3% of the national
Increase
Average
Promedio total of the fruit, with Commercial origin-destination
245 a production value of In 2017, Mexican foreign sales of this fruit were made to 13 countries; one less than that observed in
6.101 billion MXN. 2012. In the aforementioned commercial flow, the largest purchase was made by the United States. The first five table grape importing
The grapes that enter national territory come from the United States, Chile and Peru. nations are: the United States,
Germany, the Netherlands, the
United Kingdom and China. With
182
193
215
198
280
259
247
283
256
340
the exception of our neighboring

239,671,588* country to the north, the rest of
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 USA Japan them do not acquire Mexican grapes.
Zacatecas
3.0

2012 2017
National total 279,967 339,957 21.4
1 Sonora 260,904 310,926 19.2 * USD
2 Zacatecas 12,198 15,525 27.3
3 Aguascalientes 204 5,924 2,804
4 Baja California 3,929 5,839 48.6 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
5 Guanajuato 323 676 110
6 Coahuila 529 517 -2.3
7 San Luis Potosi 0 475 NA
Flame seedless, Sugraone, Red globe and Perlette Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
are the most commonly produced table grape
8 Durango 0 49 NA varieties in Mexico.
9 Baja California Sur 13 22 71.9
246 0 to 400 0 to 500 15 to 25 °C Sandy-loamy soils, well drained and with organic
10 Puebla 3 4 62.0
Rest 1,865 0 -100 MASL mm matter, pH of 5.5 - 7.0
Share in the national 160.1 161.8
157.3
2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits 147.8
153.3
159.5
150.3
100%
140.2 124
rural price 123
133 The regions with adequate
120
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million 97.0 117.8 97.6 115 114 geographical characteristics
Tonnes MXN
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne are the ones with the highest
64
production of table grape.
22 NA 20 340 6,467 16.6 19,022
Variations %
1.7 1.9 Annual

14.6 NA 12.7 32.6 34.2 17.7 1.2
1.8 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 4.7 NA 4.9 4.0 -0.2 -0.9 -4.0 1.6% 1.5%
40.7

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The largest amount of table grapes is cut in June. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 10.5 64.2 14.8 5.4 3.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 Imports 10.4 5.6 8.1 5.6 0.1 0.0 1.7 8.8 9.9 14.1 16.5 19.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 34.2 60.9 3.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 Table grape production potential
154 155
Industrial grape
Industrial grape
Adverse conditions in 2017 led to an annual shrinkage of 2012-2017 Foreign trade
19.8% in the production of industrial grapes. Variation (%) 2012-2017
Percentage of the production value by state
Volume
Baja California tonnes 0.0002 2.9 2.8998 NA 129
56.7
1 4,835 4,834 NA 388
2012-2017 Foreign trade USD
The sales price of industrial grape The supply of grapes for the Mexican viniculture industry and for the production of juice is based on
Average Coahuila favoring Baja California consolidates
Promedio 9.2 volumes generated in the national vineyards. Does not apply Increase
75 its predominance in production
Tendencia
Trend
value: 349 million MXN in 2017. Commercial origin-destination
74 The insignificant amount of grapes for industrial use that Mexico trades with other countries limits the
number of destinations for its sale and the origins of purchase.
The value of the world imports

4,835* of grape must exceeds 96 million
74
72
83
71
82
79
76
73
81
65
USA
USD annually. The acquisitions
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Zacatecas
15.0 of Germany, France and Italy are
the most significant.

2012 2017
* USD
National total 82,202 64,628 -21.4
1 Baja California 21,139 17,924 -15.2
2 Zacatecas 16,419 17,616 7.3 Buyer Main Supplier Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
3 Sonora 29,350 12,516 -57.4 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Aguascalientes 11,167 8,516 -23.7
5 Coahuila 2,209 4,025 82.2 The grapes used in juice and jelly production have lower concentration Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
6 Queretaro 0 2,445 NA of sugar and low acidity, while those destined to wine making have Foreign trade evolution (USD) 0 to 3,000 400 to 1,100 10 to 35 °C Clay loamy soils of medium to low depth
7 Chihuahua 1,200 893 -25.6 high acidity and a moderate content of sugar. MASL mm
8 Guanajuato 0 491 NA
9 San Luis Potosi 0 192 NA 51,300
10 Nuevo Leon 3 11 213 Share in the national
2012-2017 Indicators The areas that have suitable
Rest 715 0 -100 production of fruits edaphoclimatic characteristics for
100% the development of grapes are
rural price located in the north and center
of the country, such as in Sonora,
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Coahuila,
8 NA 7 65 616 9.1 9,536
Baja California Sur, Zacatecas,
Guanajuato and San Luis Potosi.
Variations %
0.4 0.6 Annual

-6.4 NA -7.8 -19.8 -1.7 -13.0 22.5
0.5 kg 2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 0.4 NA 0.0 -4.7 7.0 -4.7 12.2 0.5% 0.3%
11,375
9,070
3,610 1,800 4,835
1,258 990 1,100 1,050 78
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Exports
The largest harvest of industrial grape takes place during September. Mostly available Least or not available
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 12.7 17.7 41.4 21.7 2.4 0.1 Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
0.1 99.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Industrial grape production potential
156 157
WITH GRAPES AND WINE, WE ARE ON THE RIGHT TRACK SAFE PRODUCTS Preventing potential health hazards
Main wine producing states in Mexico and their grape varieties
Coahuila The Codex Alimentarius is a set of internationally approved
Approximately 80 grape varieties Red varieties: Cabernet-Sauvignon,
Baja California standards, guidelines and codes of practice to guarantee
are grown in Mexico; 50% are Merlot and Syrah
allocated for industrial use,
750 ml Red varieties: Cabernet-Sauvignon,
White varieties: Chardonnay and Muscat food safety and quality.
Merlot and Tempranillo
per capita wine The CODEX Alimentarius Commission defines food safety as:
mainly for wine. During the last consumption
White varieties: Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay Queretaro
and Sauvignon Blanc Red varieties: Tempranillo “The guarantee that food will not cause harm to the consumer
decade, the consumption of
Mexican wine grew 20%.
and Cabernet-Sauvignon when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use.”
White varieties: Chenin Blanc,
However, the current production Zacatecas Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc
only covers 30% of the national Red varieties: Carignan, Ruby The objective of keeping products safe is
demand. Cabernet and Salvador to prevent potential health hazards,
White varieties: Saint Emilion, Italia always ensuring that the related practices
and Muscat
do not affect the environment.
México Calidad Suprema: ISO 22000 standard:

Classification of Muscat Certificate issued by The International
Tempranillo Syrah
Merlot
8.0% 5.0% 5.0% the industrial Sauvignon Blanc
3.0% SAGARPA and the SE Organization for
Others to ensure the safety Standardization
Salvador
Carignan grape according Early Divine Saint Emilion
12.0% 14.0% and health of certifies food safety
15.0% Chenin Blanc Chardonnay
agricultural products management systems
Cabernet Sauvignon 16.0% to its color 19.0% 18.0% 17.0% 17.0%
in any organization
22.0%
Others
29.0%
Red varieties White varieties
Wine classification according to the type of grape In Mexico, food safety is a high priority in
Polyphenols are the substances public health. The correct implementation
that give the grape its color. The of the Good Practices Manuals, applicable
pigments (anthocyanins) are Rosé wines can be to the entire primary sector and the
Red grapes without peel can
found in the skin of the grape produced by using manufacturing industry, guarantee the
produce white wine. During consumer hygienic, harmless, fresh and
and are responsible for the color Red wine White wine
red grapes, but they
the vinification process, the can also be made by healthy products.
of the wine. Distinctive “H”: Federal Inspection Type
longer the peels remain with mixing white and
the juice, the more color the Certification:
Machining
Pink wine red grapes. Quality label granted
100.0% wine will have. by the Ministry of Granted by SAGARPA Five keys to food safety:
Tourism, endorsed by to the slaughter
White wine the Ministry of Health,
Fertilization centers that are
98.0% for static food and managed under the
beverage standards of Good
establishments. Manufacturing
Irrigation • In 2016, Mexico returned to the International Practices
Year 2017 13.5 ton/ha 98.0%
Thanks to their Organisation of Vine and Wine
quality and safety • Wine export to more than 30 countries Using safe water Separating raw
Year 2008 10.0 ton/ha Keeping Keeping food at safe Cooking
standards, our • 2017 International Awards and raw ingredients and cooked foods
cleanliness temperatures thoroughly
country's grapes Concours Mondial de Bruxelles
The improvement in grape varieties and technological Technical assistance and wine have
innovations have allowed an increase in productivity 94.0% achieved national Spain: 6 Gold medals
and yield in the sector. and international 12 Silver medals
recognition To ensure safety in the food
International Wine Competition
industry, WHO promotes the 2.- Critical 5.- Establish
United States: Gold medal application of the Hazard 1.- Hazard
Control 3.- Establish 4.- Monitor 6.- Verification 7.- Recordkeeping
Sources: SIAP, SAGARPA. corrective
Analysis and Critical Control analysis critical limits CCP
Points action
Points (HACCP) principles.
Source: SIAP.
158 159
Raisins
Raisins
The cultivation of raisins showed an adverse productive scenario; 2012-2017 Foreign trade
its volume registered a 3% decrease in the 2012-2017 period. Variation (%) 2012-2017
Percentage of the production value by state
Volume
Baja California tonnes 10,717 1,848 -8,869 -44.1 1.9
2012-2017 National production volume 4.1 Sonora
95.9 Value 15.8 1.8 -14 -47.5 31.9
(thousand tonnes) 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD
The dehydration level of these grapes allows them to be stocked, making a constant trade possible
Trend
Tendencia throughout the year. For Mexico, the most significant volume is exported in September and October, Increase Decrease
Sonora contributes almost the
14 entire national production, and regarding its imports, the largest purchase period corresponds to the last two months of the year.
with 96.5% of the total. Commercial origin-destination
Average
Promedio Of the six countries from which Mexico purchased this fruit during 2017, the United States and Chile
12 provide the largest amount: 7,208 and 3,108 tonnes, respectively. Among the nine nations that
acquired Mexican grapes, the most common destination is the United States with 1,526 tonnes.
Of the nations that import

1,473,372*
10
10
10
12
13
12
13
14
14
11
USA this dried fruit, the four with

the largest purchases are: the
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Belize United Kingdom, Germany,
Guatemala
Holland and Kazakhstan,
who do not buy from Mexico.
Producing states * USD

2012 2017
National total 13,130 11,304 -13.9 There are two types of dry grapes: dark and light. The first Buyer Main Supplier
(Mexican imports)
Importer and Exporter Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
is obtained by dehydrating the fruit under the sun, and the (Mexican exports)
1 Sonora 12,852 10,913 -15.1
2 Baja California 278 391 40.6 second when the drying process takes place in hot air tunnels. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 0 to 400 300 to 600 15 to 25 °C Loamy or medium soils with good depth
MASL mm
33
2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits 30
100% 30 31.1
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield Average Because of to the presence of the
rural price ideal geographical conditions for
Sown Lost Harvested 21.7 raisin production, Sonora and Baja
Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 22.3
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne California harvest the entirety of
18.9 19.4
4 NA 3 11 197 3.5 17,410 raisin volume in the country .
15.8
Variations %
0.1 0.3 Annual

-0.5 NA -12.4 -21.1 -23.7 -10.0 -3.2
0.2 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 -0.1 NA -2.6 -3.0 9.1 -0.4 12.4 0.1% 0.1% 4
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 2.3 2 2.3 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The largest harvests of this fruit take place during July. Mostly available Least or not available
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.3 2.7 12.4 2.6 0.0 0.0 Imports 6.1 3.9 8.2 7.2 9.2 9.0 9.2 9.0 10.6 9.0 8.5 10.1
5.5 6.4 3.4 6.5 7.3 4.3 6.2 11.5 11.4 15.9 10.6 11.0 Raisins production potential
160 161
Blackberry
Blackberry World ranking Blackberry is produced in 61 countries.
Mexico Vietnam contributes 13.8% to the global
2012 2017 supply of this fruit. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
Technical improvements in the cultivation of this fruit had a favorable impact
on its production; with an annual increase of 8.8% in 2017. 2 nd world
producer 1 st world
producer Mexico is an international benchmark
in the production of this berry; it contributes
Variation (%) 2012-2017
Percentage of the production value by state 139,803 tonnes 270,399 tonnes one quarter of the total harvested volume.
Volume
Baja California tonnes 408 70,086 69,678 113 39.4
2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 2.5 321 318.5 311 56.5
The fields of Michoacan are ideal The growing international demand for berries has encouraged the Mexican production of blackberry
Increase
for the sowing of blackberry; for foreign sale. In 2017, the volume and value exported exceeded the previous year’s flows in 1,720
their production value in 2017 tonnes and 5.8 million USD.
exceeded 10.31 billion MXN.
Trend
Tendencia The international sales destinations of Mexican blackberry continue to increase. In 2012, it was
238 exported to 25 countries, and in 2017 it extended to 31. The United States acquired 65,248 tonnes; The challenge of the
Promedio
Average amount that represented 93.1% of the total exports. internationalization of
150 this Mexican berry is the
153
123
118
116
136
140
129
249
270
expansion of sales to nations

62
United Kingdom
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 of the European Union.
289,618,983* Netherlands
USA

1.1
2012 2017
National total 139,803 270,399 93.4
1 Michoacan 134,708 260,143 93.1 Michoacan * USD
2 Jalisco 3,883 7,566 94.9 97.7
3 Colima 915 1,670 82.5
4 Baja California 0 722 NA Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
5 Estado de Mexico 81 123 52.3 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
It is possible to identify the degree of ripeness of a blackberry by
6 Guanajuato 0 59 NA Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology
looking at its color; it starts greenish-white, going through red
7 Morelos 23 36 56.0
8 Queretaro 68 33 -51.5
and finally reaching purple or black. Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 2,000 to 3,000 300 to 900 5 to 22 °C Loamy and sandy loamy soils with good drainage
MASL mm
9 Veracruz 36 17 -54.2
315 321
10 Mexico City 20 16 -19.9
Rest 69 16 -77.7 Share in the national
2012-2017 Indicators production of fruits
280 It is a crop that develops favorably
100%
Average
Annual per capita consumption Area Volume Value Yield rural price 222 in heights greater than 1,500 MASL;
205 however, there are areas in Michoacan
Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN 207 where it takes place at altitudes
151 ranging from 1,200 to 1,400 MASL.
13 NA 13 270 10,558 21.5 39,046 158
109
Variations %
126
1.5 1.7 Annual
-2.0 NA -3.1 8.8 14.0 12.3 4.8
1.6 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 2.2 NA 1.9 14.1 22.2 12.0 7.1 0.8% 1.2%
Does not apply Decrease Increase 2012 2017 0.1 0.04 1.02 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 2.2 2.7 2.5
Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Blackberry orchards produce their maximum harvest in May. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
7.2 7.0 9.4 9.7 14.6 11.9 1.5 4.1 6.9 7.8 10.5 9.4 Imports 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 18.0 19.7 23.3 15.6 8.1 13.8 0.2 0.2
9.9 9.8 16.0 13.5 13.5 2.7 0.4 0.4 2.1 8.2 10.5 13.0 Blackberry production potential
162 163
164
Livestock Subsector
165
Poultry in carcass
Poultry in carcass World ranking Mexican poultry farming has
Mexico a production scale that represents
2012 2017 3 out of every 100 tonnes that are
In 2017, the national poultry production was 4.3% higher
than the previous year, so the average annual growth rate 5 th world
producer 6 th world
producer
obtained in the world.
International poultry production

Variation (%) 2012-2017
for the period from 2012 to 2017 was of 2.8%. amounts to just over 107 million Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
2,791,639 tonnes 3,211,686 tonnes annual tonnes; the United States Volume
Percentage of the production value by state contributes 17.5% of said volume. tonnes 574,358 960 -573,398 69 -55
641 1.2 -639.8 24.4 -58.5
million USD
Trend
Tendencia Poultry appears between the meats of greater consumption in Mexico; even when the national
3,191 With a joint production that represents production is significant, it is necessary to make imports to satisfy the internal demand. In 2017, Increase Decrease
33.8% of the total, Jalisco, Veracruz and 574,358 tonnes of this good were acquired.
Queretaro, generated 33.551 billion
Average
Promedio MXN in 2017. Commercial origin-destination
2,839 The United States, Brazil and Chile are the countries from which Mexico buys most of the The world’s imports of poultry
imported poultry, with 483,000 tonnes, 79,134 tonnes and 11,763 tonnes, respectively. In 2012, meat reach around 12.5 million
national purchases came from two nations, and in 2017 they amounted to six. annual tonnes. In that flow,
Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong and
Mexico hold the largest shares.
2,581
2,636
2,681
2,765
2,792
2,808
2,880
2,962
3,078
3,212
2008 2009 2010 2011

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Queretaro
11.0
Vietnam
637,717*
Veracruz Congo
Brazil
11.7
2012 2017
National total 2,791,639 3,211,686 15.0
* USD
1 Jalisco 313,743 373,607 19.1
2 Veracruz 294,323 357,127 21.3
3 Queretaro 223,752 354,633 58.5
4 Aguascalientes 250,301 338,388 35.2 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Durango 285,542 276,478 -3.2 On average, the muscular tissue of poultry in carcass Edaphology Humidity Temperature Orientation
6 Guanajuato 176,681 210,187 19.0 represents almost 62%, fat accounts for 21% and the NA 40 to 75% 15 to 25 oC Coops in dry, well-drained areas
7 Puebla 156,965 176,866 12.7 rest corresponds to the bone structure of the bird. Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
8 Chiapas 154,840 173,566 12.1
9 Yucatan 119,542 136,266 14.0 638 641 Location
10 Sinaloa 132,138 127,243 -3.7 Share in the national 625 From 5 to 10km away from human settlements
Rest 683,811 687,324 0.5 production of livestock
2012-2017 Indicators 100%
Annual per capita consumption Producer
515 521 515
Stock Production Value average price
444 In the country, there are several
Million Thousand Million MXN/tonne
birds tonnes MXN 315 areas with the potential to develop
358
354 3,212 99,324 30,926 323 it; however, poultry farming is
carried out under a controlled
Variations %
30.5 30.7 Annual

2.1 4.3 8.2 3.6 environment in all 32 states.
30.6 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
1.4 2.8 5.5 2.6
2012-2017 14.6% 15.2% 1.2
Increase 2012 2017 0.5 2.4 3.1 5.2 2.9 1.9 1.9 0.6 1.6
Exports
Poultry production systems in the country allow this activity to supply very similar volumes of this good throughout the year. Moderately available
9.5 9.5 9.6 8.0 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.8 8.5 Imports 7.9 7.5 8.1 7.5 8.5 8.3 8.1 9.2 8.7 9.1 9.0 8.1
5.2 7.9 7.1 7.8 5.2 13.2 2.6 5.5 13.6 16.1 10.8 5.0 Poultry in carcass production potential
166 167
LAYING HEN: they might not be mother hen, but they do lay the eggs FEEDER CALVES: valuable input and star product
Productive cycle 2017 Export of feeder calves
Calves for fattening are the indispensable input to produce beef
Eggs are the main source of animal protein (Average parameters) Forced molting: Hens undergo a process of and, for this reason, they also constitute a profitable product with (Head)
for Mexicans and the most economical one. Kilograms induced molting to stop egg production and great demand of the livestock of our country. State Calves Heifers Total Arid and
Technified egg production can be carried out 1.8 promote the regeneration of their Sonora 262,870 58,263 321,133 semi-arid zone
in one, two or three cycles, depending on 1.6 reproductive system. Chihuahua 177,811 49,298 227,109 Cow-calf system, with pure
factors such as the increase in production Calf breeding is carried out in different regions of Mexico, with Tamaulipas 88,630 16,587 105,217 European breeds such as
5th month
cost, consumer price, among others. 1.4 Average production systems based on grazing and adapted to the Coahuila 52,690 9,186 61,876 Hereford, Angus and
26.2 eggs 19.5 eggs Charolais.
60.9 gr per egg environmental conditions. This activity provides both the Durango 35,706 3,633 39,339
1.2 63.7 gr per egg cattle to be fattened in our country and that to be exported to Nuevo Leon 31,636 1,438 33,074
1.60 kg produced
1.23 kg produced the United States for the same purpose. Rest of the country 45,813 8,811 54,824
1.0
Total 695,156 147,216 842,372 Tropical zone
0.8
1 month
st Dual-purpose system (calf
and milk), with Zebuine
0.6 10.4 eggs breeds (Indobrasil,
Pullets have a rearing
46.7 gr per egg Brahman, Guzerat, Gyr)
period of 17 weeks 12th month
0.4 0.49 kg produced and their crossbreeds.
(4 months). 23.1 eggs
0.2 63.5 gr per egg
2 months
1.47 kg produced of molting
0.0 Months
Tempered Zone
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 General process for the Cow-calf system,
dominated by Criollo cattle
Most of the national egg production is obtained
Egg formation production of steers for supply crossbred with European
with efficient production parameters, very close to
breeds.
the ones shown below:
Fertilization 20 minutes Yolk
Egg white
Production parameters Vitelline membrane
Indicator Parameter Albumen deposit 3 hours Egg white Vitelline membrane
30 minutes Mo
24 to 26 hrs
Laying period (age) 18 to 90 weeks Outer and inner shell bil
Outer and inner shell 1 hour Eggshell membranes iza Feedlots with greater
Viability 94% Calves tio
Average egg weight 62.0 gr
membranes 15 minutes membranes
Yolk mustering
n Location of main feedlots installed capacity
Albumen hydration 21 hours Eggshell
Eggs per hen during the period 426 Eggshell formation Sum of
Eggshell Number of
Egg production per hen 26.4 kg Stratum installed capacity
Oviposition 1 hour Expulsion feedlots
Body weight of the hen 1.71 kg (head)
30 minutes
ation 10,000 - 15,000 9 120,000
Cattle fattening is also carried
The reproductive system of the hen has the ability to b iliz Development in
Mo out in all regions of the country, 16,000 - 37,000 14 301,500
produce one egg in a period of 24 to 26 hours grazing and although the large produc- Over 40,000 9 1,665,830
tion in arid areas stands out, it is Total 32 2,087,330
States with the highest number of laying hens also becoming important both
Mo in tropical areas (Veracruz,
Sonora
bil Tabasco and Tamaulipas) and in
Fattening iza
Coahuila tio temperate zones (Michoacan).
and n
Nuevo Leon finishing in Slaughter
feedlot
Thousand head In each phase of the production process,
$
1,503 Sinaloa Yucatan livestock increase their weight and value Providing calves for meat production systems entails one or
San Luis Potosi more mobilizations from the breeding and grazing areas to the
501 Durango
feedlots, which can be in a different municipality, state or
135 Puebla country.
39 to 88 Jalisco
Less than 39 Guanajuato
Source: SIAP.
Sources: SIAP and SENASICA.
168 169
Beef in carcass
Beef in carcass World ranking Mexico figures among the first
Mexico 10 nations in beef production;
In 2017, beef production exceeded 1.9 million tonnes; figure 2.6% higher 2012 2017 it contributes three of every 100 2012-2017 Foreign trade
than that obtained in 2016. 6 th world
producer 6 th world
producer
tonnes to the world supply.
Beef from the United States

Variation (%) 2012-2017
represents 17.4% of the world
Percentage of the production value by state volume of this livestock product.
tonnes 137,143 198,994 61,852 -9.7 40.5
(thousand tonnes) 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value 788 1,130 342 -5.2 51.2
With a joint production million USD
Trend
Tendencia that represents 33.8% of Between 2012 and 2017, the volume of beef imports from Mexico decreased, going from 152,000 to
1,940 the total, Jalisco, Veracruz 137,000 tonnes. During the same time frame, the behavior of the exports of this livestock product Increase Decrease
and Queretaro, generated showed an increase from 142,000 to 199,000 tonnes.

Average
Promedio 33.551 billion MXN in 2017. Commercial origin-destination
1,803 There are eight nations from which Mexico buys this bovine product. However, the country has
diversified the destination points of its exports of the species, going from 11 to 13 destinations
between 2012 and 2017. A market segment for the
increase of the foreign sale of
Mexican beef corresponds to
that of Middle Eastern nations.
1,667
1,705
1,745
1,804
1,821
1,807
1,827
1,845
1,879
1,927
San Luis Potosi 1,026,662,048*

6.1 USA Japan
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Hong Kong
Veracruz
12.4

2012 2017
National total 1,820,547 1,926,900 5.8
* USD
1 Veracruz 258,565 258,228 -0.1
2 Jalisco 199,620 226,858 13.6
3 San Luis Potosi 65,341 114,245 74.8
4 Chiapas 114,690 104,486 -8.9 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
(Mexican exports) (Mexican imports) Altitude Humidity Temperature Edaphology
5 Sinaloa 103,441 101,220 -2.1 Bovines are considered ready for slaughter
6 Durango 56,836 97,631 71.8 approximately 24 months after birth. 1,500 to 2,500 Constant 14 to 21 °C Fluvisols, cambisols and luvisols soils with
7 Baja California 85,173 92,836 9.0 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) MASL mild slope and depth
8 Michoacan 77,258 79,470 2.9
9 Chihuahua 93,317 78,237 -16.2 Location
10 Sonora 76,982 71,955 -6.5 Share in the national 1,163
1,094
1,130 From 5 to 10km away from human settlements
1,092
Rest 689,323 701,733 1.8 production of livestock 999
876
930
831
899 907
870
788
Stock Production Value average price 837 748 Jalisco, Tamaulipas and the
Million Thousand Million MXN/tonne 731 central zone of the country
head tonnes MXN
532 649 present the best climatic
32 1,927 127,375 66,104
and geographical conditions
Variations %
15.0 15.2 Annual

1.5 2.6 7.2 4.5 289 for the cattle raising.
15.1 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 1.5 1.1 13.8 12.5 9.5% 9.1% 143
173
Increase 2012 2017 Exports

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
With similar volumes, 28.5% of the national beef production is generated between January and March. Moderately available
9.5 9.5 9.5 7.5 7.7 7.8 8.0 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.5 Imports 7.5 7.0 8.1 7.8 8.6 8.4 8.4 9.7 8.6 8.7 8.4 8.8
8.5 7.7 8.7 7.2 8.7 8.3 8.3 8.4 7.9 9.4 9.0 7.9 Beef in carcass production potential
170 171
Pork in carcass
Pork in carcass World ranking One in every 100 kilograms of pork meat
Mexico produced in the world is Mexican.
2012 2017 2012-2017 Foreign trade
A greater technification in the national systems of hog production
allowed the activity to grow at an average annual rate of 3.1%
from 2012 to 2017.
16 th world
producer
In the world meat production, that of
pork represents a greater volume; half of
it corresponds to China.
Variation (%) 2012-2017
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 806,707 127,695 -679,012 56.2 79.1
Sonora
(thousand tonnes) 15.0 Value
1,391 538 -853 39.4 42.4
Jalisco is the main producer of Mexican hog production has the challenge of expanding its generating capacity to reduce the volume of
Trend
Tendencia Increase
this meat, with revenues of 14.58 pork meat purchased abroad, but also to broaden and expand its exports to other latitudes.
1,435
billion MXN (2017); Sonora and Commercial origin-destination
Average Puebla follow, with 9.324 and Canada and the United States largely satisfy the purchases of this meat that the country makes. Japan and
Promedio
6.909 billion MXN, respectively. The implementation or renegotiation
1,265 Korea buy most of Mexico’s exports. Between 2012 and 2017, the nations from which the country bought
this livestock good went from five to six, and the number of buyers of Mexican pork from nine to eleven. of Mexico’s commercial agreements
with various regional blocks
envisages opportunities for the
exports of pork meat to alternative
markets in Asia and Europe.
428,015,872*
1,161
1,162
1,175
1,202
1,239
1,284
1,291
1,323
1,376
1,442
USA Japan
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

11.1
23.4
2012 2017
National total 1,238,625 1,441,850 16.4
1 Jalisco 236,433 301,148 27.4 * USD
2 Sonora 233,727 261,757 12.0 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
3 Puebla 122,194 165,563 35.5
4 Yucatan 105,150 138,917 32.1 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports) Edaphology Location
Altitude Humidity Temperature
5 Veracruz 105,996 129,665 22.3 Fully-slated, isolated 5 to 10km away from
The “supreme pork” must reach slightly more than 6 months of age NA 50 and 75% 17 to 24 °C
6 Guanajuato 108,965 113,522 4.2
7 Michoacan 40,771 44,394 8.9 for its commercialization, weighing an average of 124 kilograms. Foreign trade evolution (million USD) soils, straw human settlements
8 Chiapas 24,632 28,343 15.1
1,546
9 Oaxaca 28,933 27,680 -4.3
10 Queretaro 20,861 22,462 7.7 Share in the national 1,391
Rest 210,964 208,399 -1.2 production of livestock 1,289
2012-2017 Indicators 100% 1,236
Hog farming is not
Annual per capita consumption Producer 998
1,175 limited to develop in a
Stock Production Value 974 specific geographical
average price
Million Thousand Million area, as long as it is under
head tonnes MXN MXN/tonne 877
controlled environments.
17 1,442 62,191 43,133
655 538
704
429 432
378
Variations %
17.1 17.3 Annual

3.1 4.8 9.3 4.3 318 307 445
17.2 kg
2016-2017 395
317
AAGR
1.7 3.1 9.0 5.7
2012-2017 6.5% 6.8% 227
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
Moderately available
This product is available throughout the whole year; however, the greatest amount is generated during the first quarter. Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)
9.5 9.4 9.3 7.5 7.6 7.9 7.9 7.8 8.0 8.0 8.3 8.8 Imports 9.0 7.9 8.1 6.9 8.5 8.0 7.8 8.2 8.1 8.9 8.9 9.7
January February March April May June July August September October November December Exports 7.1 7.3 8.6 7.3 8.9 7.6 9.2 8.0 8.0 9.8 8.4 9.8 Pork in carcass production potential
172 173
OVERVIEW OF MEXICAN PORK EXPORT
Among the Mexican products of animal origin that stand out for their sales abroad, those originating from pork generate 563 million USD in annual currency income, mainly for the export of
fresh and frozen meat, which has progressively increased in recent years.
Exported volume of pork 128

(thousand tonnes)
105
97
89
84
71
66 63
59 58
52
45
FOTO DE PORCINO
38
27
22
The success of the export of
PENDIENTE
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Mexican pork meat relies on:
The reproduction, breeding and development in a context of The implementation, throughout the productive chain, of practices and
zero or low prevalence of diseases in the animal inventory. standards that generate safe goods with international quality standards.
Mexico was
declared
Classical Swine
Fever-free
territory
The capability to offer select cuts for consumers in

high income countries.
On August 14, 2012 by In May 2015 by the Main destinations of Mexican pork
SAGARPA World Organization for (tonnes)
Animal Health
Countries that granted sanitary recognition to Mexico:
Chile (2012) Japan (2015) Canada (2016)
Costa New United 96 ,000 15,000 11,000

Rica (2018) Zealand (2018) States (2018) Source: SIAP with data from the General Administration of Customs and the Ministry of Economy.
174 175
Table egg
Table egg World ranking One in every twenty-seven eggs
Mexico produced in the world is generated
2012 2017 by Mexican laying hens.
2012 - 2017 Foreign trade
In recent years, egg production has increased steadily; during the
2012-2017 period, it increased at an average annual rate of 3.6%. 6 th world
producer 4 th world
producer China stands out as the main
producer of fresh egg in the
Variation (%) 2012-2017
world; contributing 35.9 %. Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
2,318,261 tonnes 2,771,196 tonnes
Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 22,687 462 -22,226 9.2 -92.1
(thousand tonnes) Sonora 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value 28.5 2.1 -26.4 -42.4 -81.6
4.8 The strength of the productive capacity of the Mexican poultry industry allows it to generate egg volumes million USD
Trend
Tendencia that practically cover the internal demand of this livestock product completely, which is why its foreign
In 2017, Jalisco and Puebla stood out Increase Decrease
2,785 as leaders in the national production trade is minimal.
of this poultry product; together, Commercial origin-destination
Average
Promedio they contributed 37.114 billion MXN During 2017, the country acquired 22,687 tonnes of eggs from abroad; of them, 99.7% came from the
2,508 to the livestock subsector. United States. In 2012, Mexican imports of this poultry product came from two countries. Six years later,
that number increased to three.
Europe and North America are

home to the countries that
import more eggs, with Germany
2,337
2,360
2,381
2,459
2,318
2,516
2,567
2,653
2,720
2,771
1,330,410* Japan
Japón
making the biggest acquisitions:
0 Cuba
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20.4 million boxes annually.
Puebla
19.4
51.0
2012 2017
1 Jalisco 1,125,670 1,503,293 33.5
2 Puebla 480,750 501,254 4.3 Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
3 Sonora 116,673 135,517 16.2 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Yucatan 74,750 87,065 16.5 Edaphology Humidity Temperature Orientation Location
5 Nuevo Leon 103,416 85,016 -17.8 The color of the eggshell (white or brown) will depend on From 5 to 10km
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) NA 40 to 70% 24 to 37 °C Coops in dry, well
6 Guanajuato 85,200 78,264 -8.1 the breed of the chicken, while the hue of the yolk results away from
drained places
7 Durango 80,766 65,518 -18.9 from the bird’s feeding. human settlements
113.7
8 Sinaloa 32,365 62,687 93.7 94.6
9 Coahuila 62,337 43,134 -30.8
10 San Luis Potosi 2,499 39,833 1,494 Share in the national
76.8
Rest 153,834 169,616 10.3 production of livestock
2012-2017 Indicators Due to its characteristics,
100%
Annual per capita consumption the production of table egg
Stock Production Value Producer is carried out in controlled
average price
49.4 environments, which allows
Million Thousand Million MXN/tonne 51.3
head tonnes MXN many states to have a high
202 2,771 52,667 19,005 potential for its production.
28.5
Variations %
22.5 22.7 Annual

-0.2 1.9 8.0 6.0
22.6 kg
2016-2017
11.5
AAGR
1.6 3.6 6.7 2.9 11.6
13.1%
9.6 10.1
2012-2017 12.2% 7.8
1.8 3.2 10.5 1 5.5
2.1
Increase Decrease 2012 2017 1.5 0.00002 0.9
Exports
The production is distributed homogeneously throughout the year; with greater shares from January to March. Moderately available
9.4 9.1 9.3 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.4 8.3 Imports 5.6 7.8 9.3 8.7 15.2 10.4 9.6 14.8 8.1 5.5 3.1 1.9
9.0 3.0 4.8 12.6 9.0 9.0 13.7 9.0 4.3 5.3 4.3 16.0 Table egg production potential
176 177
Cow milk
Cow milk World ranking Mexico’s livestock activities generate a
Mexico volume of fresh cow milk that represents
2012 2017 1.8% of the world total. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
16 14
The production of milk in the country continues to show an increasing th world th world
trend; from 2012 to 2017, the production volume increased at an producer producer The contribution of the production of the Variation (%) 2012-2017
United States to the global availability
average annual rate of 1.6%. of milk represents 14.6%.
Percentage of the production value by state thousand liters 447,250 77,982 -369,268 19.2 93.2
(Million liters) 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value 824 170 -654 -9.8 117
Because of the value generated by million USD
Trend
Tendencia dairy production, Jalisco, Coahuila
Cow milk stands out among the most widely consumed livestock products in Mexico. One quarter
Coahuila
11,792 11.8 and Durango are the leading states; of the national available volume is imported from other countries. Mexico also exports this dairy Increase Decrease
together, they obtained an income product; in 2016 and 2017, there was a significant increase in the volume of its trade.
Average
Promedio
of 28.775 billion MXN in 2017. Commercial origin-destination
11,029
In 2017, the industrialized milk that the country acquired from abroad came from 21 countries; two
less than in 2012. The United States is Mexico’s main supplier of this dairy product, and Venezuela
buys the largest national exported volume.
The annual world imports of milk
exceed 13.421 billion liters. In
this commercial flow, Germany
10,589
10,549
10,677
10,724
10,881
10,966
11,130
11,395
11,608
11,768
stands out with the acquisition

United States
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Durango of the largest volume: 4 million.
0 10.7 84,382,626*
Venezuela
Colombia
Volume (thousand liters) Variation (%)
2012 2017
National total 10,880,870 11,767,556 8.1
1 Jalisco 2,024,967 2,306,316 13.9 * USD Adequate geographical characteristics for the production
2 Coahuila 1,287,918 1,337,493 3.8
3 Durango 1,037,913 1,190,199 14.7
Supplier
Altitude Humidity Temperature Edaphology
4 Chihuahua 979,502 1,095,175 11.8 Buyer Main Importer and Exporter
(Mexican exports) (Mexican imports) 1,500 to 2,500 Constant 14 to 21 °C Fluvisol, cambisol and luvisol soils
5 Guanajuato 735,616 822,161 11.8 Holstein is one of the most common milk cow breeds in Mexico. MASL of mild slope and depth
6 Veracruz 715,190 743,182 3.9 It reaches up to 675 kilograms in weight and an average daily
7 Puebla 422,768 442,688 4.7 production of 40 liters. Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
Location
8 Estado de Mexico 469,315 440,268 -6.2
5 to 10km away from human settlements
9 Aguascalientes 367,599 432,041 17.5 1,012
10 Chiapas 402,727 425,343 5.6 Share in the national 947
Rest 2,437,355 2,532,691 3.9 production of livestock 960
824
913
793
For their adaptation, dairy
Annual per capita consumption Producer cows need temperate climate
Stock Production Value 725 692
average price conditions. In the tropics,
Million Million Million
622
head liters MXN MXN/liter milk is produced with animals
508
of double purpose, which
3 11,768 70,660 6.0
implies lower dairy yields.
Variations %
98.2 98.4 Annual

0.7 1.4 4.3 2.9 170
98.3 L
2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 0.9 1.6 4.6 3.0 55.4% 54.1% 64.8 53.5 73.4 86.3 78.1 81.4 83.1 71.8 85.7

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Imports
With steady production levels, the availability of milk is present throughout the whole year. Moderately available
9.3 9.1 9.3 7.6 7.7 8.0 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.9 Imports 6.0 7.8 8.1 7.3 9.5 8.9 8.5 9.9 8.8 8.9 8.5 7.8
4.8 8.8 4.7 4.2 11.6 11.7 13.5 8.6 10.4 8.6 6.0 7.1 Cow milk production potential
178 179
Honey
Honey World ranking
Mexico Three out of every hundred kilograms of
2012 2017 bee honey obtained in the world come
In 2017, national beekeeping activities generated 51,065 tonnes, which
reflected a 7.8% decrease in production compared to the previous year. 9 th world
producer 8 th world
producer
from Mexican hives.
China generates the highest production

Variation (%) 2012-2017
of this sweetener, contributing 27.5%
58,602 tonnes 51,065 tonnes of the international supply. Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 1 27,722 27,721 NA -13.5
0.007 105 104.993 NA 3.2
In 2017, Jalisco generated the Half of the sweetener generated by Mexican apiculture is destined for the foreign market.
Promedio
Trend Does not apply Increase Decrease
highest volume and value of honey The lower domestic production of recent years determined a fall in the exportable volume.
57 production with 5,815 tonnes and Nonetheless, the rebound in the sale price brought more foreign currency to the country.
Average
Tendencia 280 million MXN, respectively.
56 Commercial origin-destination
Of the honey exported volume, 41.2% is destined for the German market, another 18.6% for
the United States and the remaining 40.2% for 26 different countries. Between 2012 and 2017, Nine of the ten main honey
the international destinations for this Mexican apiculture product went from 22 to 28. importing countries in the world
are Mexico’s buyers. Poland, with
more than 26,000 annual tonnes
60
56
56
58
59
57
61
62
55
51
36,846,079* acquired abroad could represent

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 United Kingdom Germany
0
United
an additional market for Mexico.
States
Veracruz
9.0
2012 2017
National total 58,602 51,065 -12.9
1 Jalisco 5,940 5,815 -2.1
2 Chiapas 4,945 5,324 7.7 Chiapas
3 Veracruz 4,576 4,704 2.8 * USD Altitude Rain Temperature Location
9.6
4 Yucatan 10,405 4,351 -58.2 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter 0 to 3,000 600 to 2,500 12 to 25 °C Abundant vegetation, surface water supplies
A derivative of this sweetener is honey powder, which is (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports) MASL mm
5 Oaxaca 3,782 4,078 7.8
6 Campeche 7,716 3,767 -51.2 obtained through the dehydration of the liquid. The export
price of one kilogram can reach a price of 73 MXN. Edaphology
7 Quintana Roo 2,159 3,044 41.0 Foreign trade evolution (million USD) NA
8 Puebla 3,137 2,435 -22.4
9 Guerrero 2,344 2,101 -10.4
156
10 Zacatecas 1,637 2,078 26.9 Share in the national 147
Rest 11,960 13,368 11.8 production of livestock Factors such as flowering
2012-2017 Indicators 100% periods, the regions where bee
Annual per capita consumption Producer hives are located and the climate
Stock Production Value average price 101 105
112 determine characteristics such as
Million Thousand Million MXN/tonne 85.7 acidity, crystallization, color and
hives tonnes MXN 83.8 93.7
90.3
2.0 51 2,190 42,895 81.2 density, among others. That is,
the types and qualities of honey.
Variations %
0.1 0.3 Annual

-0.3 -7.8 -3.9 4.2
0.2 kg
2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 -0.5 -2.7 1.8 4.6 0.3% 0.2% 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.004 0 0.021 0.003 0.015 0.01 0.007
Exports
Increase Decrease 2012 2017 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Imports
The highest volumes of honey in the country are generated during April-May and November-December, amounting to 60% of the annual total. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
4.6 6.3 8.4 14.8 15.2 6.9 1.9 1.2 2.4 8.3 15.6 14.4 Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52.9 0.0 47.1
7.5 4.0 8.0 5.3 11.5 19.7 17.8 9.6 6.1 4.1 2.1 4.3 Honey production potential
180 181
182
Fishing Subsector 183
Tuna
Tuna World ranking
Mexico The fishing and aquaculture
2012 2017 activity in Mexico contributes 2012-2017 Foreign trade
Some climate events in recent years have affected the production of tuna in
national waters. Thus, the production of the species decreased at an average
annual rate of 0.2% during the 2012-2017 period.
11 th world
producer
2 out of every 100 tonnes of tuna
generated in the world. Variation (%) 2012-2017
Percentage of the production value by state Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports
97,872 tonnes 96,793 tonnes Indonesia supplies 18.5% of the
world total. Volume
Baja California
23.5
tonnes 82,504 45,793 -36,711 79.7 28
2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD 217 228 11 73 53.7
(thousand tonnes)
About half of the production of tuna Of the tuna imported by Mexico during 2017, 80.3% corresponded to frozen whole fish. In
Increase
is obtained in Sinaloa. During 2017, the country’s exported volume, processed tuna represented 61.7%.
Trend
Tendencia the state generated a production
value of 1.12 billion MXN. Commercial origin-destination
127 In 2017, Mexico imported this fishing good from 28 nations, with purchases made to the
Average
Promedio United States, China and South Korea standing out. In that year, Mexican tuna was exported In 2017, global trade of this fish exceeded
115 to 31 countries; 11 more than in 2012. five million tonnes. Thailand is one of the
most relevant buyers; it acquired 240,000
tonnes from other countries. However,
Mexico’s foreign sales potential lies in Italy.
106
117
110
129
162
130
114
91
98
97
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 United
0 Sinaloa States Japan
46.3 64,811,838*
Venezuela

2012 2017
National total 97,872 96,793 -1.1
* USD
1 Sinaloa 56,470 52,013 -7.9
2 Chiapas 13,926 18,162 30.4
3 Colima 21,226 11,818 -44.3 Chiapas Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing
4 Baja California 3,455 10,026 190 14.8 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Veracruz 1,618 1,479 -8.6 The fishing nets used by tuna boats can measure slightly over Dissolved Salinity level
Depth Acidity Temperature
6 Nayarit 227 1,186 423 2 kilometers in length and is ideal for purse seine fishing.
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 0 to 200 pH of 12 to 18 °C oxygen NA
7 Oaxaca 305 955 213
meters 7.8 - 8.2 5.0 a 10 mg/lt
8 Guerrero 49 555 1,041
9 Baja California Sur 476 458 -3.8 323
10 Jalisco 69 85 24.4 Share in the national
Rest 53 58 30.7 production of fisheries The littorals of the
2012-2017 Indicators north of the Mexican
100% 228
Annual per capita consumption Pacific have the
Volume Value Producer average ideal geographical
price 217 conditions for the
Live weight Landed weight Million MXN/tonne 175 179
(thousand tonnes) (thousand tonnes) MXN production of tuna.
148 147
97 96 2,416 25,149 132
125 126
79.5
Variations %
101
1.0
6.9 1.2
7.1 Annual
-15.1 -14.9 -22.4 -8.8 74.7
1.1
7.0 kg
65.5 84.4
kg.
2016-2017 81.3
45.8
AAGR
-0.2 -0.3 16.9 17.2 5.8%
59.9
2012-2017
4.7% 13.2 41
Increase Decrease 2012 2017 Exports
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Imports
The largest production of tuna is obtained from March to July, representing 57%. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
1.3 2.8 12.9 10.6 12.8 10.2 10.5 8.0 9.3 5.3 12.6 3.7 Imports 8.8 6.3 6.0 8.8 9.7 4.3 3.4 9.0 14.9 2.7 12.9 13.2
5.9 12.4 9.3 10.8 11.1 10.9 10.0 6.1 7.0 5.7 5.6 5.2 Tuna production potential
184 185
lture
Hy
acu
MEXICAN AQUACULTURE
dro
u Aquaponic system balance
Aq
pon
ics
Achieving balance between fish, plants and bacteria, implies
an adequate management in the selection of quantity and
Aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic organisms, both in Mexico ranks 5th in the world production of density of species, crops and optimal supply of nutrients for
each stage of the reproductive cycle.
coastal areas and inland, which involves interventions in the bream under controlled systems
Aim:
breeding process to increase production. Of every 100 kg:
AQUAPONICS To produce fresh, safe and
nutritious foods in a controlled
manner.
For every 10 Kg of live weight Aquaculture production by species

1st China produces 33
Sustainable production 3 To obtain two products through a
single source of nitrogen (food and
of bream, the contribution is: between the cultivation fish feces).

Others 2nd Bangladesh produces 24
of plants and fish Advantages:
Chiapas Rest of the country Jalisco
2.0 kg.
Oyster
7.6%
3rd Brazil produces 17
farming Does not require the use of
fertilizers and pesticides.
contributes 2.1 kg 11.3%
2.3 kg Bream Possibility of creating self-
37.4 Aquaponics entail the consumption or communal
4th Philippines produces 6 integration of two cultivation
4
economies.
methods: aquaculture, which
involves growing aquatic
36.1 5th Mexico produces 4 animals, and hydroponics, for
7.6% the production of vegetable
Carp crops based on nutritious
Shrimp
Tabasco solutions. In this system, both
0.4 kg cultivations benefit from the
Michoacan principles of water
1.2 kg recycling and usage of
nutrients.
Veracruz Nayarit Sinaloa 2
0.6 kg 0.6 kg 0.8 kg
How does it work?
1 The fish eat the food and 2 turn the
nitrogen of the proteins in a waste known as
Nile tilapia "ammonia nitrogen". This in turn, along with
other waste generated by the fish 3 is used
by bacteria, thus becoming nutrients which
are now available for the plants. Once the The daily monitoring of the health status of
nitrates are formed, the plants absorb them fish and plants will provide the
necessary information on the system
through their roots and 4 water returns to 1 balance. Diseases and nutritional deficiencies
Redbreast tilapia Rocky mountain tilapia the fish farm. and/or mortalities are translated as
symptoms of an unbalanced system.
Tilapia Nutritional Value Tilapia What kinds of fish can be raised?
100 g of Tilapia contain: What can you grow?
20.08 g protein Genus Vegetables, medicinal and culinary plants.
The most common fish is bream or tilapia, because it is a very
1.70 g fat resistant species that can withstand high population density.
96 cal, 5% of the recommended daily value Vital/Optimal % of Protein
Germination length Species Growth time
50 mg Cholesterol Stirling tilapia Blue tilapia Crop species
of time
Growth time Temperature (°C) Sun exposure temperature in food
Minerals Common carp 600 gr in 10
Potassium (302 mg) 4 to 34/25 to 30 30 to 38
Basil 6-7 days 5-6 weeks 20-25 Moderate/High (Cyprinus carpio) months
Phosphorus (170 mg)
Sodium (52 mg) fluorine-free Nile tilapia 14 to 36/27 to 30 28 to 32 600 gr in 7
Lettuce 3-6 days 4-5 weeks 15-22 Moderate/High (Oreochromis niloticus) months
Vitamin B-3 (3,9 mg)
Vitamin D (3,10 mg) Rainbow trout 1 kg in 15
Vitamin B-9 (24 mg) 8-12 days 10 to 18/14 to 16 42
Peppers 2-3 months 15-30 High (Oncorhynchus mikyss) months
Wami tilapia
Orange Mozambique Florida red tilapia Giant freshwater prawn 18 to 34/26 to 29 30 gr in 4
Tomatos 4-7 days 2-3 months 15-25 High (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) 35 months
tilapia
186
Source: SIAP, with data from CONAPESCA and FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department.
Source: SIAP. 187
Shrimp
Shrimp World ranking The capture and aquaculture of this
Mexico decapod in Mexican waters allow the
2012 2017 country to supply 2.5% to the world 2012-2017 Foreign trade
Even though in 2017 shrimp production decreased 1.5% compared
to the previous year, the volume achieved was larger than the
224,000 tonnes obtained in 2015.
8 th world
producer 7 th world
producer
availability of shrimp.
Of the 9.2 million tonnes of shrimp

Variation (%) 2012-2017
that are generated in the world, China
Percentage of the production value by state contributes the largest volume; 41.8% of
tonnes 19,926 38,238 18,312 41.7 38.7
2012-2017 National production volume this total amount.
119 385 266 58.3 46.5
36.9 million USD
Trend
Tendencia Shrimp farming in Sinaloa The exported volume of this crustacean during 2017 represented 16.8% of the total production of the
206 and Sonora allowed a country. During the aforementioned year, the country imported 19,926 tonnes, mainly of cooked shrimp. Increase
production value of 13.368
billion MXN in 2017. Commercial origin-destination
Average
Promedio Of the shrimp that Mexico acquires from abroad, 47.7% comes from China. On the other hand, 77.1% of the
186 Mexican exports of the species are acquired by the United States. The destination nations of this national The United Arab Emirates,
South Korea, Venezuela and
fishery product went from 13 in 2012, to 16 in 2017. Denmark make significant
external purchases of this
crustacean; these countries
are emerging as potential
196
196
167
184
162
128
158
224
225
222
311,201,044* markets for Mexican sales.

0 USA Francia
France
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Sinaloa
36.5 Vietnam
Nayarit
9.9
Volume (tonnes) Variation (%) * USD
2012 2017
National total 161,852 221,695 37.0
1 Sinaloa 63,870 81,355 27.4
2 Sonora 47,116 80,030 69.9 Buyer Supplier
3 Nayarit 13,831 20,837 50.7 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Tamaulipas 12,205 13,210 8.2
The main process to which Mexican shrimp is subject for its
Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing
commercialization abroad is freezing; being the absence of head,
6 Campeche 7,647 4,871 -36.3
7 Colima 1,946 3,714 90.9
shell and “vein”, whether cooked or raw, a defining characteristic. Depth Acidity Temperature Dissolved Salinity level
385 oxygen 5 to 35 ups
8 Veracruz 2,020 3,268 61.8 0 to 200 pH of 20 to 35 C
o
4.0 to 10 mg/lt
9 Chiapas 1,939 1,966 1.4 meters 7.0 - 9.0
10 Oaxaca 1,549 1,962 26.7 Share in the national 324 319
333
Rest 2,078 1,399 -32.7 production of fisheries 295
313
304 274
2012-2017 Indicators 100% 268
Annual per capita consumption 263 Due to its geographical
Volume Value Producer average 239
price characteristics, the coastline
171
Live weight Landed weight Million MXN/tonne 159 of Sinaloa is suitable for the
(thousand tonnes) (thousand tonnes) MXN
production of shrimp.
222 210 18,209 86,843 119
116
1.5. 1.7
Variations %
97.6 96.9
Annual
-1.5 -2.0 9.9 12.1 120
1.6 kg 2016-2017
AAGR
2012-2017 6.5 7.4 19.0 10.8 9.6% 10.7% 68.6 75.5

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Slightly more than 66% of the annual production of this crustacean is generated during the last four months of the year. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
3.4 3.5 3.2 1.7 2.9 4.9 6.7 7.4 14.9 23.0 17.9 10.5 Imports 6.6 11.0 9.1 9.4 12.7 8.7 9.4 8.8 7.6 5.9 5.0 5.8
8.5 4.9 4.0 2.9 1.5 1.1 2.3 5.7 7.9 21.7 23.9 15.6 Shrimp production potential
188 189
MEXICAN SHRIMP: SHRIMP FISHING SURVEILLANCE:
Geo-technologies for fisheries management
crustacean that generates foreign currency
Of the fishing products obtained in Mexican waters, shrimp is particularly important because of the contribution of
foreign currency generated by its commercialization in foreign markets. One factor for the international acceptance
of this Mexican crustacean is the variety of sizes it comes in.
In 2017, the SIAP, in coordination Sinaloa
In the world: with CONAPESCA, carried out the
• 152 countries exporting this crustacean monitoring of the beginning of
• 2 million 862 thousand tonnes exported shrimp fishing season in the bays
• 22.934 billion USD is the value of exports and lagoons of the state of Sinaloa.
• 665 thousand tonnes imported annually by the United States, the main buyer
In Mexico: Accounting of small boats called "Pangas" detected with

"pangas" through satellite imagery satellite imagery
• 56.8% of shrimp is generated through aquaculture
• 14th world exporter
• 45.4% of the foreign currencies generated by Mexican fishing come from the
exports of this species
0 Pro
•7 e M60
Matric
th
shrimp supplier of the United States :
Drone
Colossal shrimp
Size standards in foreign trade
Mexican shrimp
volume imported by
Headless pieces
the United States
(tonnes)
With satellite imagery collected by
per kilogram
the ERMEX antenna, it was possible
Colossal U15 Less than 33 3,725 to identify a maximum of 2,153
pangas fishing the crustacean
Extra jumbo 16/20 33 to 45 4,244 during the first week after the ban In addition to conducting surveillance
Miniature shrimp Jumbo 21/25 46 to 55 5,553
was lifted. flights with drones, the start of
activities was also witnessed at 4:00 am
Extra large 26/30 56 to 66 5,015
by using thermal cameras.
Large 31/40 67 to 88 4,603
Medium 41/50 89 to 110 2,306
Small 51/60 111 to 132 1,079
Extra small 61/70 133 to 154 286

ERMEX antenna
Miniature >70 155 and more 112
Source: SIAP with data from CONAPESCA.
Note: In US size designations the number refers to the threshold of minimum and maximum pieces of the crustacean per pound. The "U" refers to the word "under" which means "less than".
Source: SIAP with data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce 2017, WTO 2016 and the Ministry of Economy.
190 191
Lobster
Lobster World ranking Lobster fishery in Mexico contributes
Mexico 1.3% of the global volume.
2012 2017 2012-2017 Foreign trade
In 2017, lobster catch was carried out in 16 states of the country.
Together, they achieved a production volume of 4,661 tonnes, which
translated into an increase of 14.8% over the previous year. Percentage of the production value by state
16 th world
producer
Canada captures 28.6% of the total
crustacean from the countries that
perform this fishing activity.
Variation (%) 2012-2017
Baja California 3,040 tonnes 4,661 tonnes Volume
17.4 tonnes 343 1,902 1,559 672 144
(thousand tonnes) 2012-2017 Foreign trade Value 6.6 88.8 82.2 381 217
million USD
Trend
Tendencia Mexico’s exported volume of this fishing species is minimal, however, the high prices paid in the international
5 Baja California Sur, the leading markets for the good allow the country an income of 88.8 million USD in foreign currency. Increase
state in the capture of this
Average
Promedio crustacean, obtained a production Commercial origin-destination
4 value of 390 million MXN in 2017. Worldwide, there are 120 countries that export lobster; in the case of Mexico, the market with the largest
purchase of the crustacean is Hong Kong, with 842 tonnes.
Mexico exports the crustacean

to the four largest importing
countries, although the
United Arab Emirates
Yucatan
15.0
United represents a commercial
Baja California Sur
States 38,150,796*
Hong Kong window of opportunity for
3
45.5
Vietnam the sale of Mexican lobster.
2008 2009 2010 2011
0.00 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

2012 2017
* USD
National total 3,040 4,661 53.3
2 Baja California 600 755 25.9 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
3 Yucatan 168 644 282 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Quintana Roo 376 490 30.4
5 Guerrero 0 223 NA Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
6 Nayarit 58 167 186 In Mexico, the minimum landing size for lobster Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing
7 Jalisco 35 123 255 is 135 millimeters in abdominal length.
8 Sonora 9 55 475 88.8 Depth Acidity Temperature Dissolved Salinity level
9 Michoacan 28 53 91.7 0 to 200 Warm waters NA oxygen NA
10 Sinaloa 40 51 25.9 Share in the national 77.6
meters NA
Rest 9 38 336 production of fisheries
72
Volume Value average price The coastlines of the
Live weight Landed weight Million 42.6 Pacific are suitable for
(thousand tonnes) (thousand tonnes) MXN MXN/tonne
36.5 lobster catch, representing
5 5 857 186,362 an opportunity to
potentiate its production.
Variations %
28
24 26 Annual
14.8 14.9 4.1 -9.4
25 g
2016-2017 22.5 22.6
19.1
17.5
AAGR
2012-2017 8.9 9.2 14.6 4.9 0.2% 0.2% 5.2 6.6
1.3 1.7 0.5 0.2 1.4 2 0.5 2.5
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Just over 64% of the lobster available throughout the year is captured from September to December. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
11.0 7.2 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 7.0 3.0 12.4 21.8 15.8 14.1 Imports 1.0 4.9 10.8 8.9 18.1 16.8 7.7 3.4 6.8 4.8 2.0 14.8
8.1 5.6 3.9 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.7 0.9 7.5 26.6 20.5 24.5 Lobster production potential
192 193
Bream
Bream World ranking Mexico’s fishery activities obtain
Mexico a volume of bream that represents
2012 2017 2.8% of the world total. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
One of the fishing species with the greatest dynamism of production is
bream. During the last six years, its production registered an important
average growth: 16.1% annually.
10 th world
producer 9 th world
producer China is the leading producer of
bream; it generates a volume that
Variation (%) 2012-2017
contributes 28.2% to the world
77,547 tonnes 163,714 tonnes supply of this fishing good. Volume
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 63,706 3,097 -60,609 66.5 3,727
(thousand tonnes) Value 143 19.9 -123.1 28 3,211
Trend
Tendencia The national fishery of bream In order to meet the high level of tilapia consumption in Mexico, the good must be purchased abroad. Increase
176 generates a production value However, this market reality poses an opportunity for the national aquaculture production of the species.
of 3.248 billion MXN, of which
Jalisco contributes 0.6 billion.
China is the nation from which Mexico buys the largest amount of bream; in 2017, 62,727 tonnes were
acquired, for which 141.5 million USD were paid. In 2017, more than 500,000 tonnes
Average
Promedio of bream were traded between
110 countries in the world; the United
States and Mexico are the largest
importers of this fishing good.
19,763,505*
USA
102
129
135
183
164
75
77
81
76
78
Taiwan
2008 2009 2010 2011
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Vietnam

Jalisco
2012 2017
National total 77,547 163,714 111 Michoacan
12.1 * USD
1 Jalisco 4,170 34,011 716
2 Chiapas 10,962 26,621 143
3 Michoacan 13,330 23,954 79.7 Chiapas Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
4 Nayarit 7,990 12,577 57.4 15.2 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
5 Veracruz 11,292 12,476 10.5
In Mexico, under optimal conditions, tilapia can reach an
6 Sinaloa 6,017 11,906 97.9 Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing
7 Tabasco 3,840 7,053 83.7
approximate weight of between 500 and 700 grams Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
in a period of eight to ten months.
8 Guerrero 1,533 5,819 280 Depth Acidity Temperature Dissolved Salinity level
9 Estado de Mexico 1,100 4,811 337 0 to 200 Warm waters NA oxygen NA
201
10 Hidalgo 3,991 4,581 14.8 Share in the national 180 meters NA
Rest 13,324 19,906 49.4 production of fisheries
2012-2017 Indicators 100% 152 143
141
Volume Value average price 138 The littorals of the
99.8 Mexican Pacific and the
Live weight Landed weight Million MXN/tonne 111
(thousand tonnes) (thousand tonnes) MXN state of Veracruz have
72.9
164 160 3,248 20,265 the appropriate physical-
57.4 geographical conditions for
Variations %
1.9 2.1 Annual

-10.6 -11.0 8.2 21.7
2.0 kg
2016-2017 the production of bream.
31.9
AAGR
16.1 16.7 18.6 1.6 29.1 23.5 19.9
2012-2017 4.6% 7.9% 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 1.19 0.6
10.4
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Imports
The systems used for bream production allow the species to be available throughout the whole year. Moderately available
8.0 8.5 9.3 8.2 6.7 7.1 8.1 8.2 8.1 9.4 9.0 9.4 Imports 8.7 8.5 6.3 7.2 7.4 7.7 7.8 10.2 9.2 9.7 9.0 8.3
8.8 8.2 10.6 8.6 8.8 3.5 7.8 9.9 6.8 6.1 9.1 11.8 Bream production potential
194 195
Octopus
Octopus World ranking One in every ten octopuses captured
Mexico in the world comes from Mexican
2012 2017 aquaculture. 2012-2017 Foreign trade
From 2012 to 2017, octopus catch in the country grew at an average
annual rate of 3.7%. However, during the last year the production of the
species decreased by 4.4% compared to the volume obtained in 2016.
3 rd world
producer 3 rd world
producer From the world’s oceans 411,000 tonnes of
this species are captured every year; those
Variation (%) 2012-2017
of China represent 33.4%.
Percentage of the production value by state tonnes 661 7,183 6,521 44.8 -8.1
(thousand tonnes) 2012-2017 Foreign trade
Value 3.6 56.5 52.9 37.5 20.9
million USD
Of the 37,192 tonnes of National octopus fishery has not yet reached again its historical level; this situation has limited the
Tendencia
Trend
octopus that are caught in volume that Mexico traditionally exported. Increase Decrease
the country, Yucatan, the
43 Commercial origin-destination
leading state, contributes
67.5% with a value of Mexico sells octopus to the three largest importing countries of this fishing good: Spain, Japan and Mexican octopus is present in
Average
Promedio Italy. In the last six years, 16 nations have brought the national capture to their tables.
1.256 billion MXN. seven of the ten main importing
29 countries of said product. South
Korea, with more than 84,000
tonnes imported in 2017,
24,098,879*
Italy represents an important market
Yucatan United for this product.
65.5
13
26
23
28
31
25
36
38
39
37
States Spain Japan
2008 2009 2010 2011

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Baja California Sur
3.1
Campeche
2012 2017
1 Yucatan 19,280 25,122 30.3
2 Campeche 9,850 8,444 -14.3 Buyer Main Supplier Importer and Exporter
3 Baja California Sur 551 1,235 124 (Mexican exports) (Mexican imports)
4 Guerrero 131 531 305 Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing
5 Jalisco 219 447 104 A part of Mexican octopus aquaculture is performed in an artisanal way
6 Veracruz 108 307 184 through the “garateo” method –known as handline fishing– which relies Foreign trade evolution (million USD)
on the use of “jimbas” or poles to which baited lines are attached. Depth Acidity Temperature Dissolved oxygen Salinity
7 Sonora 157 271 72.8
0 to 1,500 NA NA They are located in the intertidal zones, living between level
8 Quintana Roo 308 231 -24.9
9 Nayarit 11 216 1,778 105.3 meters rocks, coral reefs or sea grasses NA
10 Baja California 179 181 1.2 Share in the national
Rest 164 207 26.3 production of fisheries
2012-2017 Indicators 100% The octopus is a species that
Annual per capita consumption Producer 68.5 breeds abundantly in the
Volume Value average price 61.3
56.5 maritime region of the Gulf
56
Live weight Landed weight Million MXN/tonne 57.2
of Mexico; the two states
with the largest fishery are
37 35 1,918 55,003 46.7
located in this region.
Variations %
0.1 0.3 Annual

-4.4 -4.5 55.2 62.5 30.6
0.2 kg 2016-2017 30.5
12.1
AAGR
2012-2017 3.7 3.8 19.7 15.3 1.8% 1.8% 3.5 2.7 0.8 1 2.6 2.8 1.3 1.3 0.9 3.6
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
The largest capture of octopus in the country takes place from August to December. Mostly available Least or not available
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 14.7 19.6 23.6 21.3 16.8 Imports 8.1 11.0 9.2 20.5 9.4 7.6 18.3 4.6 5.5 1.7 0.4 3.7
3.8 2.1 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 3.3 11.2 23.5 25.0 28.1 Octopus production potential
196 197
Sardine
Sardine World ranking Mexican sardine fishery gets 3 of every
Mexico 100 tonnes captured in the world.
2012 2017 2012-2017 Foreign trade
Even though there was a fall in the national capture of the 2014-2016
triennial, in 2017 the national fishery recovered, and as a result, it had an
increase of 63.2% with respect to the volume captured the previous year.
6 th world
producer
There are 117 countries that practice
this pelagic capture, amounting to 15.5
million tonnes per year of this species.
Variation (%) 2012-2017
Percentage of the production value by state 721,735 tonnes 720,888 tonnes Peru contributes 18.4% to said volume.
Volume
Baja California tonnes 8,361
652 25,305 1,031,642
1,032,294 16,943 301
NA -37.3
3.9
20.7
2012-2017 National production volume Sonora Value 15
1.3 15.8
2,317 0.8
2,315.7 243
NA -40
20.7
52.9 2012-2017 Foreign trade million USD
(thousand tonnes) The annual rebound in the Mexican capture of sardine favorably impacted its exports, going from 5,558
In 2017, the value generated by Increase Decrease
the capture of sardine in Sonora, tonnes in 2016, to 25,305 in 2017. Also, the availability of the species encouraged the national export
Average Baja California Sur and Baja of prepared foods based on this fish.
Promedio
662 California, was 520 million MXN; Commercial origin-destination
88.9% of the national total. Three of the four main countries to which Mexico exports the species are located in the Asian continent;
Trend
among them, Thailand leads purchases with 10,998 tonnes. In 2012 and 2017, the foreign sale of this Côte d’Ivoire, Spain, France and
Tendencia
fish reached twenty-five nations.
490 Italy are among the 10 main
importers of sardines. Mexico does
not sell to those countries yet.
816
873
630
684
722
728
563
444
442
721
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Baja California Sur
0 15.2 United
States
5,834,768*
Thailand
Top 10 in production volume Malaysia
2012 2017
National total 721,735 720,888 -0.1
1 Sonora 409,767 385,248 -6.0
2 Baja California 68,520 146,236 113 * USD
4 Sinaloa 152,522 81,274 -46.7 Pacific sardine, California or northern anchovy, Pacific anchovy,
Pacific or California jack mackerel, Pacific thread herring, Japanese
Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing
5 Nayarit 1 571 59,976
6 Yucatan 0 233 66,808 anchovy, Chub mackerel and Shortjaw leatherjacket, are names of Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Dissolved Salinity
Depth Acidity Temperature
7 Veracruz 48 136 183 the different species of sardine from Mexican pelagic fishery.
8 Colima 23 23 -3.1
12 to 54 NA 10 to 30 °C oxygen level
9 Oaxaca 0 1 NA
37 40.3 meters NA NA
10 Campeche 14 1 -96.1 Share in the national
32.7
Rest 11 1 -90.2 production of fisheries
2012-2017 Indicators 100% 26.4 27.5
26.3
Annual per capita consumption Producer 22.8 The coastal areas of
Volume Value average price northwestern Mexico have
18.2
Live weight Landed weight Million MXN/tonne 17.5 15.8 optimal geographical
17.3 conditions that allow a
721 636 584 919
14.5 15 large production of sardine.
Variations %
5.6 5.8 Annual

63.2 60.5 40.5 -12.4
5.7 kg.
2016-2017
5.6
AAGR
2012-2017 0.0 0.4 -0.7 -1.1 42.8% 34.8% 2.4
0.1 0.1 0.6 4.4 4.3
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
In national waters, there is a greater catch of this species in June, with 12.2%. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available
9.9 9.1 9.6 7.5 9.4 12.2 9.8 5.5 3.5 4.9 8.9 9.7 Imports 6.0 6.5 18.5 5.7 5.2 8.6 6.8 6.2 5.7 6.3 11.9 12.6
2.2 3.1 3.8 0.5 3.0 3.1 4.1 7.0 10.5 21.4 23.1 18.2 Sardine production potential
198 199
Acronyms Glossary
ASERCA. Services Agency for the Commercialization and Development of Agricultural Markets OIE. World Organisation for Animal Health Agricultural, livestock and fishing production value. Monetary value in current prices of the Autumn-Winter cycle. It is the cycle in which the sows are registered between October and
BANXICO. Bank of Mexico OMC. World Trade Organization (WTO) products generated through agricultural, livestock and fishing activities during a certain period. March of the following year. The harvests generally begin in December and end in September of
BM. World Bank (WB) ONU Mujeres. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) the subsequent year.
CENAPA. National Center of Animal Health Verification Services Proagro Productivo. Productive Proagro - Part of Sagarpa’s Scheme of Support to Agriculture Agricultural, livestock and fishing production volume. Quantification of the volume of
CENASA. National Center of Diagnostic Services in Animal Health RAN. National Agrarian Registry goods generated through the agricultural, livestock and fishing activity during a period of time. Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR). It is a value that shows the change in terms of
CINVESTAV. Center for Research and Advanced Studies SAGARPA. Ministry of Agricuture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food The volume of livestock and fishing products corresponds to a civil year, and the agricultural percentage of a variable, applying a factor of temporal succession (years, months, days, hours).
CONAGUA. National Water Commission SE. Secretariat of Economy products to an agricultural year. Also, the fishing volume is considered in live weight and in
CONABIO. National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity SENASICA. National Agro-Alimentary Health, Safety and Quality Service the case of some livestock products, such as cow and sheep milk, a conversion factor has been Average producer price. The producer price is defined as the amount of money received by the
CONAPESCA. National Commission for Aquaculture and Fisheries SEMARNAT. Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources applied in order to set the measuring units from liters to kilograms. producer for each unit of a good or service generated as production, not including value-added
CONAPO. National Population Council SCT. Secretariat of Communications and Transportation tax (VAT –IVA in Mexico) or other taxes billed to the buyer. In addition, this quote excludes any
CONAZA. National Commission of Arid Zones SIAP. Food, Agriculture and Fishing Information Service Agricultural year. It is the 18-month period that results from the addition of the sowings freight charge that was not included in the price and had to be invoiced separately.
ENOE. National Occupation and Employment Survey of INEGI SINIIGA. National System of Individual Cattle Identification and harvests that happen in the agricultural Autumn-Winter and Spring-Summer cycles, and of
ERMEX. Mexico’s Receiving Station SINEXE. Exotic and Emerging Diseases National Information System the harvests of perennial products. It stretches from October-December of a year, plus the next Average rural price. It is defined as the price paid to the producer in the first sale inside the
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations SIRVEF. Integrated Information System for the Phytosanitary Epidemiological Surveillance complete civil year and the months of January-March of the subsequent year. production area, which is why it does not include economical incentives that the Federal or local
FAOSTAT. Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations SIVE. National Epidemiological Surveillance System governments could grant through support programs for producers.
FIRCO. Shared Risk Trust SNICS. National Seed Inspection and Certification Service Animal stock. It is the number of animals that are found for livestock exploitation and the
INAPESCA. National Fisheries Institute UACH. Autonomous University of Chapingo obtention of different livestock products in a given period of time. In the case of beekeeping, the Beef in carcass. Slaughtered, bled and skinned animal, opened across the median line of the
INEGI. National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico UNA. National Union of Poultry Farmers stock refers to the number of hives. chest and abdomen to the tail; separated from the head at the neck; of the anterior extremities
INIFAP. National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research UNAM. National Autonomous University of Mexico (back legs) at the carpalmetacarpal joint and of the posterior at the level of the tarsometatarsal;
INC. International Nut and Dried Fruit Council Foundation UNESCO. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Annual per capita consumption. Expresses the availability of a product per inhabitant of a without the presence of tail, amputated at the level of the last caudal vertebra. Without cavity
Inca Rural. National Institute for Capacity Development in the Rural Sector MDD. Million USD determinate area (country, state, region, etc.) in a specific period. It is the number obtained by viscera (except for the kidneys), leaving the diaphragm adhered; without genitals or udders.
IPN. National Polytechnic Institute MDP. Million MXN dividing by the population of a geographical area the internal production volume, subtracting
the exported volume and adding the imported volume. It does not apply for products of indirect Buyer. Expression used to identify countries to which Mexico exports products; also called “client”.
consumption such as oil-seeds, ornaments or fodders.
Crustacean. Aquatic animal that belongs to the arthropod phylum; main group of invertebrates
Annual variation. Value that shows the change that takes place in a variable between two characterized by their chitinous exoskeleton and articulated appendixes; present in salt, fresh
Some abbreviations of the International System of Units used in this edition periods, one of them is established as the standard for comparison or percentage ratio. waters and land. For example: crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, etc.
kilogram kg meter m
Aquacultural. It refers to the cultivation of organisms that live in water. Cyclical crops. They are harvests that have a vegetation cycle of less than a year. In the country,
square meter m2 kilometer km
the sows and harvests of this kind of crops are concentrated in two cycles: Autumn-Winter and
cubic meter m3 hectare ha
Aquaculture. It is the set of activities directed to the controlled breeding, pre-fattening and Spring-Summer.
degree Celsius °C gram g
fattening of species of fauna and flora performed in facilities located in fresh, salt and brackish
degree ° tonne t
water through techniques for the breeding or cultivation, that are susceptible to commercial, Destination. It expresses the country or territory to which part of the national production is
millimeter mm liter L
ornamental or recreational exploitation. sold in the rest of the world.
centimeter cm mililiter mL
percentage %
meters above mean sea level MASL
200 201
Glossary Glossary
Exports. Total products or assets that leave national territory temporarily or definitely. Numbers Organic production. Food, animal products or sub-products, or vegetable production Seasonal surface. Area in which the development of the crops depends entirely on the rains or Supplier. Expression used to identify the countries from which Mexico imports a product.
can be defined as volume, weight or monetary value. and processing system, with the regulated use of external inputs, restricting and sometimes the residual humidity of the soil.
prohibiting the use of synthetic chemical products. Table egg. Non fertile or non fertilized egg, destined for human consumption or for industrial use.
Fishing. It is the activity in which by the capture, collection, extraction, cultivation or any other Sown surface. The agricultural surface in which the seed or sapling of any crop is deposited
authorized method, some species that live completely or temporarily in the water are obtained; Origin. It expresses the country or territory from which the volumes of products are imported after preparing the soil; also called sowed surface. Temperature. It is the degree or level of heat in the environment and is measured in degrees Celsius.
as well as the previous and following related actions. by the nation.
Species. Set of beings that have one or several common characteristics. It is the basic unit for Trade balance. It refers to the amount of purchases minus the sales of products that a country
Gross. Unit of measure used for some crops to quantify production, mostly of ornamental plants. Perennial. It refers to fruits and plantations with an economically useful life that goes from biological classification. makes. The balance has a surplus for a country when the total exports is larger than the imports
It is equivalent to 144 stalks (twelve dozens). two to 30 years; even when biologically, there are species that can be productive for 50 or even and a deficit when the imports exceed the exports.
100 years. Spring-Summer cycle. It is the cycle where sows are registered between April and September
Harvested surface. It is the surface from which production was obtained, including the one of the same year and the harvests are registered from June to March of the subsequent year. Vegetation cycle. It is the sequence of changes in a vegetal organism from its germination to
that was partially lost. Perennial crops. They are crops that have a vegetation cycle of more than a year; for this the production of fruits.
reason, in administrative records January is considered as the start of the harvest and December State. Major geographical unit of the political-administrative division of the country.
Hive. Place in which a bee colony lives. as the end. From these crops, there are four which are considered as special perennial because Yield. It is the result of dividing the obtained production by the harvested surface.
of their productive, commercial and agro-industrial characteristics and they are registered in
Importing and exporting country. They are the nations to which specific products are special specific periods for monitoring. They are: alfalfa, cacao, cherry coffee and sugarcane.
exported or from which they are imported.
Pork in carcass. Body of the slaughtered animal, bled, without hair or bristles, eviscerated (the
Imports. Total products or assets that enter national territory temporarily or definitely. Numbers kidneys and internal fat can remain), with skin and extremities, open along the midline (sterno-
can be defined as volume, weight or monetary value. abdominal), without spinal cord, the head separated from the body at the level of the neck
(occipito-atloid articulation) and with the head joined by the soft tissues to the rest of the body.
Irrigation mode. It refers to the vocations of the surface, it may be seasonal or through
irrigation systems. Potential Market. It is a condition of characterization of an importing market of a country
for foreign trade, which is established based on different assumptions of commercial, statistic,
Irrigation surface. Area where the artificial supply of water is applied to benefit the crops. productive or customs nature.
Landed weight. It is the volume that the product achieves once it has been declared landed, in Poultry meat in carcass: It is the chicken, cull or turkey that has been slaughtered, bled and
various forms: headless, filleted, eviscerated, in pulp, sliced, etc. plucked, devoid of head, neck, crop, feet, oil gland and abdominal viscera.
Live weight. Total weight of the product at the moment it is obtained from its medium. It is Production value. It is the monetary value in current prices of the assets and services of the
calculated based on the landed weight, applying conversion factors established by the National productive activity during a reference period.
Fishing Institute, according to the universally-adopted methodology by FAO.
Production volume. Amount of products generated through a productive activity, during a
Lost surface. It is the sowed area that during the cycle or agricultural year registers a total certain period of time, that is destined to the market or to self-consumption.
loss due to climate phenomena or because of pests or diseases. In the case of perennials, it is
acknowledged as a total loss only for the current agricultural year considering that the plantation Ranking. Ordinal number that shows the place of an element within a given set in an ordered
is still available for harvest next year. list according to a special characteristic or numeric value.
202 203
General information sources Methodological notes
National Aquaculture and Fishing Comission (CONAPESCA) Secretariat of Economy Production
The various indicators for the agricultural products of the production sheet, consider the statistics of For the world production rank of sugarcane, the source is the International Sugar Organization in 2016,
Database of the annual fishing production Online Tariff Information System the agricultural year, with the exception of seasonality. For livestock and fisheries, the reference period and FAO in 2012.
https://www.gob.mx/conapesca/documentos/anuario-estadistico-de-acuacultura-y-pesca. http://www.economia-snci.gob.mx/ for data and indicators is the calendar year. In the table with the volume disaggregated by state, the
national total for some products may differ slightly from the sum of the of the partials, this is attributable National per capita consumption
to the rounding of figures. The indicator of annual per capita consumption takes as a temporal reference the year 2017. For its
National Population Council (CONAPO) Agricultural, Food and Fishing Information Service (SIAP)
calculation, the universe of people of the projection of CONAPO in the middle of the indicated year was
2010-2050 Population projections Slaughtering capacity of livestock species The product denominated “blueberry” includes cranberries and blueberries (also known as blue taken into account.
http://www.gob.mx/conapo/acciones-y-programas/proyecciones-de-la-poblacion-2010-2050. https://www.gob.mx/siap/documentos/capacidad-de-sacrificio-de-especies-pecuarias cranberries in Mexico). In the case of sugarcane, the indicators of national production correspond to the
cane that is intended for industrial use. The annual domestic consumption volume for each product was obtained by adding the internally
produced quantities to the amount of imports and subtracting the exports from that. In the case of the
Fishing and Aquaculture Department of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. (FAO) Food and Agriculture Information System of Queries (SIACON) Indicator of percentage variation and growth rate coffee product, the indicators refer to green coffee; for its calculation a conventional factor of conversion
Statistics of world production http://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion-agricola-33119?idiom=es When the indicator of percentage change or average annual growth rate shows the acronym NA, of cherry to green coffee was applied. Likewise, in the cases of rice and cow milk, a conversion factor
http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/es. it was not possible to determine it because, in one of the periods of comparison, the variable did not was applied to the domestic production for its correct comparison with the volumes of goods exported
record data. Likewise, the reader is warned that the calculation of percentage variations and rates was and imported according to the characteristics indicated in the tariff section. In order to standardize the
Annual agricultural production performed with all decimal figures, which is why they may not coincide with those that are a result of production component with those of foreign trade, in the case of zucchini the production of pumpkins
Statistical Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT) http://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierreagricola/ using the value observed in graphs and tables. was integrated.
Production – Crops
In the case of the table with the disaggregated volume by state, when one of them presents a value of 0 Annual per capita consumption is not present for tequila agave, green alfalfa, cottonseed, fodder oats,
Production – Primary livestock Annual livestock production and a variation of -100, it means that the previous period of comparison did register a productive volume. sugarcane, safflower, grain barley, copra, gerbera, fodder maize, rose, fodder sorghum, grain sorghum,
http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/*/S. http://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierre_pecuario/ soy, tobacco, wheat grain and industrial grape since they are considered products for animal consumption
In the lost surface variable, the abbreviation NA is recorded in perennial crops, since the damages do not or ornamental and/or industrial use.
usually imply the total loss of the crops, only a decrease in the yields. The SIAP only uses this term when
World Trade Organization Monthly agricultural production
plantations of cyclical crops are totally lost. Foreign trade
Trade map https://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion-agricola-33119 The data corresponding to the table that presents the volume and value of imports and exports, the map,
http://trademap.org/index.aspx World ranking the graph, and the monthly distribution, are based on the administrative records of the customs requests
Monthly livestock production Mexico’s place in agricultural and livestock products worldwide, in the most recent period, was of the commercial operations under the definitive regime of the SAT General Administration of Customs;
determined based on the 2016 statistics that FAO integrates and disseminates from the information with the exception of tequila and sugar, of which the information is based on data from the Ministry of
Tax Administration Service of the General Administration of Customs (SAT/AGA) http://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion-pecuaria?idiom=es generated by the countries and estimates made by the international body itself. Also, in some products Economy. The data for zucchini consider castilla pumpkin flows in order to approximate the real volume
Database it was not possible to determine the place, other countries do not report their production volumes or of the indicated vegetable; this was a result of the impossibility to identify the corresponding flows of
Timely Monitoring of Foreign Trade System they are integrated with those of other products without possibility to identify them. The products in each separate product.
that situation are: tequila agave, alfalfa, amaranth, fodder oats, gerbera, fodder maize, nopal, rose,
http://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/indicadores-economicos?idiom=es fodder sorghum, tomatillo, industrial grape and raisins. In the case of blackberry, rank was determined The reference of the countries considered as potential markets for agricultural and livestock goods was
with the group “Berries nep” reported by FAO, which integrates other berries. The place on fishery determined with the trade statistics of the World Trade Organization. The potential condition was based
products was generated from the data available for the year 2016 that the Department of Fisheries and on the following criteria: 1) the country does not record significant imports of agricultural, livestock and
Aquaculture of FAO integrates and disseminates. fishery products from Mexico between 2012 and 2016; 2) the country reports significant import volumes;
3) the country is among the first places by acquired volume; or 4) the nation carries out periodic imports.
It should be mentioned that FAO disseminates in an aggregated concept the production of guava and The trade statistics from the international body are not available for the following products: fodder oats,
mango from the various producing countries without possibility of differentiation, which is why the world cauliflower, raspberry, gerbera, guava, fodder maize, nopal, rose, fodder sorghum, tequila, tomatillo,
production place for both products is the same. The above situation also occurs in broccoli and cauliflower. industrial grape and blackberry.
The data for Mexican production volume published by the international organization for some products, The customs nomenclature (tariff codes) to classify the goods and products that integrate Mexico’s foreign
differs from the official data from Mexico. In that sense, the figure of production volume corresponds trade flows, represents a technical difficulty in the integration of statistical series of some generic products;
to the national statistic. However, for the calculation of the participations and the world ranking, the among the main causes are the grouping of several agricultural and fishery products in a single fraction
statistics of the international organization were considered for comparison purposes with the other or code, and the non-correspondence between the description of the product in the fraction and that of
countries. The Mexican products that are in this situation are: broccoli, cacao, zucchini, safflower, onion, the object under study. Among the agricultural products considered in the Food and Agricultural Atlas,
cauliflower, copra, guava, tomato, lime, mango, grape, cow milk, tuna, shrimp, lobster, bream, octopus amaranth, fodder oats, raspberry, broccoli, zucchini, peach, fodder maize, nopal, pear, fodder sorghum,
and sardine. industrial grape and blackberry do not have a direct identification tariff code because the transactions of
204 205
Products and tariff codes Products and tariff codes
these goods are assigned general fractions. In order to provide figures that approximate the scale of the corresponds to the cotton seed destined for the production of oil or for animal feed, since the global trade
commercial flow of such goods, only the transactions of the indicated goods were identified. statistics, as well as those of the national administrative registry, merge the goods in said presentations.
Product Tariff code Breakdown by product
In the foreign trade flows of poultry, paste is not included.
Likewise, in the case of guava, tomato, mango, tomatillo and bream, as of the second quarter of 2012, Paddy rice 10062001 Husked rice
their own identification fractions were created. In previous periods they were integrated into fractions In the Products and tariff codes table, the fractions that were considered to integrate the figures of
that also grouped other products, reason why an identification process for the flows corresponding to Mexican foreign trade flows are shown for each good. It is noted that the designation of the product 10063001 Long-grain rice
each good for periods prior to the aforementioned date was carried out. For coffee cherry, the indicators corresponds to a designation by the SIAP in order to make the interpretation of the goods in each 10063099 Diverse rice (milled or semi-milled)
of foreign trade refer to the volumes of green or gold coffee, and in the case of cottonseed, the data fraction easier, while the Mexican tariff nomenclature is not directly indicated.
10064001 Broken rice
Fodder oat 10040099 Other oats
10049099 Other oats
Product Tariff code Breakdown by product
12149099 Diverse fodders
Oat grain 10040099 Oat grain
Sugar 17011101 Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization between 99.4° and 99.5°
10049099 Other oats
17011102 Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization between 96° and 99.4°
11041201 Flattened oat grains
17011103 Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization lower than 96°
11042201 Broken oat grains
Eggplant 07093001 Eggplants
17011401 Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization between 99.4° and 99.5°
Broccoli 07041001 Cut cauliflower and broccoli
17011402 Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization between 96° and 99.4°
07041002 Broccoli sprouts
07041099 Diverse cauliflowers and broccoli
17011404 Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization lower than 99.2°
07042001 Brussels sprouts
17019101 Sugar containing added flavoring or coloring matter
07049001 Kohlrabi, kale and similar
17019102 Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization equal or higher than 99.2°
07049099 Diverse swedes
17019103 Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization lower than 99.2°
07108003 Cut, cooked and frozen brussels sprouts
07108004 Cooked and frozen asparagus, broccoli and cauliflowers
Cacao 18010001 Grain cacao, raw or roasted
17019999 Other sugars and chemically pure sucrose
18020001 Cacao husks and residues
Avocado 08044001 Avocados
Green coffee 09011101 Not roasted, not decaffeinated coffee, Robusta variety
Sesame 12074001 Sesame seeds
09011199 Not roasted, not decaffeinated coffee, diverse
Green alfalfa 12149001 Alfalfa
09011201 Not roasted, decaffeinated coffee
Cottonseed 12072099 Other cotton seeds
Zucchini 07099099 Diverse vegetables
12072999 Other cotton seeds
07099301 Pumpkins and zucchini
Amaranth 10089099 Other cereals
07099999 Other fresh or refrigerated vegetables
Cranberry 08104001 Red cranberries or fresh bilberries
Safflower 12076002 Safflower seed, imports from January 1 to September 30
Paddy rice 10061001 Rice with husk
12076003 Safflower seed, imports from October 1 to December 31
206 207
Product Tariff code Breakdown by product Product Tariff code Breakdown by product
Safflower 12079906 Safflower seed, imports from January 1 to September 30 Peach 08134003 Dried peaches
12079907 Safflower seed, imports from October 1 to December 31 Asparagus 07092001 Fresh or refrigerated white asparagus
Barley grain 10030002 Barley grain 07092099 Diverse, fresh and refrigerated asparagus
10030099 Diverse barley 07108004 Cooked, frozen asparagus, broccoli and cauliflowers
10039001 Barley grain with husk Raspberry 08102001 Fresh raspberries, blackberries, mulberries and loganberries
10039099 Diverse barley 08112001 Frozen raspberries, blackberries, mulberries, loganberries and blackcurrants
Onion 07031001 Fresh or refrigerated onion Strawberry 08101001 Fresh strawberries
07031099 Fresh or refrigerated diverse onions and schallots 08111001 Frozen strawberries
07108001 Cooked, frozen onions Bean 07133101 Dry husked beans (Vigna mungo and radiata)
07119001 Preserved onions 07133201 Dry husked beans (Phaseolus or Vigna angularis)
07122001 Diced onions 07133301 Dry husked beans for sowing (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Green chili 07096001 Bell chili pepper 07133302 White dry husked beans
07096099 Diverse green chili peppers 07133303 Black dry husked beans
09042001 Dry ancho or Anaheim (California) chili 07133399 Common dry husked beans
09042099 Dried, crushed and powdered chili peppers 07133999 Diverse dry husked beans
09042101 Dry ancho or Anaheim (California) chili 07133401 Dry husked Bambara beans
09042199 Several dry chilis 07133501 Dry husked Caupi or wild beans
09042201 Dry ancho or Anaheim (California) chili, powdered Chickpea 07132001 Chickpeas
09042299 Several dry powdered chilis Gerbera 06031904 Gerbera flowers
Cauliflower 07041001 Cut cauliflower and broccoli Guava 08045002 Guavas
07041002 Broccoli sprouts Tomato 07020001 Fresh or refrigerated Cherry tomatoes
07041099 Diverse cauliflowers and broccoli 07020099 Diverse fresh or refrigerated tomatoes
07042001 Brussels sprouts Lettuce 07051101 Iceberg lettuce
07049001 Kohlrabi, kale and similar 07051999 Diverse lettuce
07049099 Diverse swedes 07052101 Chickory and Witloof chickory
07108003 Cut, cooked, and frozen Brussels sprouts 07052999 Diverse chickories
07108004 Cooked and frozen asparagus, broccoli and cauliflowers Lime 08055001 Mexican limes
Copra 12030001 Copra 08055099 Diverse limes
Peach 08093001 Peaches and nectarines 08055002 Persian limes
08093002 Peaches Fodder maize 10059099 Diverse maize
208 209
Fodder maize 12149099 Fodder products Pear 08134001 Dried pears

Grain maize 10059003 Yellow maize Pineapple 08043001 Pineapples
10059004 White maize Banana 08030001 Bananas or plantains
10059099 Diverse maize 08031001 Plantains for cooking
Mango 08045003 Mangos 08039099 Diverse bananas
08045001 Guavas, mangos and mangosteens Rose 06024001 Rose bushes
Apple 08081001 Fresh apples 06024099 Rose cuttings
08133001 Dried apples 06031101 Rose flowers
Cantaloupe 08071901 Fresh cantaloupe Watermelon 08071101 Watermelons
08071999 Diverse fresh melons Fodder sorghum 12149099 Diverse fodders
Orange 08051001 Oranges Grain sorghum 10070001 Grain sorghum, imported from Dec 16 to May 15
Nopal 07099099 Diverse fresh or refrigerated vegetables 10070002 Grain sorghum, imported from May 16 to Dec 15
07099999 Diverse vegetables 10079001 Grain sorghum, imported from Dec 16 to May 15
Nuts 08012101 Brazil nuts with husk 10079002 Grain sorghum, imported from May 16 to Dec 15
08012201 Husked Brazil nuts Soy 12010002 Soybeans, imported from Jan 1 to Sept 30
08013101 Cashews with husk 12010003 Soybeans, imported from Oct 1 to Dec 31
08013201 Husked cashews 12019001 Soybeans, imported from Jan 1 to Sept 30
08023101 Chestnuts with husk 12019002 Soybeans, imported from Oct 1 to Dec 31
08023201 Husked chestnuts Tobacco 24011001 Branch tobacco without de-veining for wrapping
08026001 Macadamia nuts 24011099 Diverse branch tobacco without de-veining
08026101 Macadamia nuts with husk 24012001 De-veined Blonde, Burley or Virginia branch tobacco
08026201 Husked macadamia nuts Tequila 22089003 Tequila
08027001 Cola nuts Tomatillo 07020002 Tomatillo or green tomatoes
08028001 Areca nuts 07020001 Fresh or refrigerated cherry tomatoes
Potato 07019099 Fresh or refrigerated potatoes 07020099 Diverse fresh or refrigerated tomatoes
07101001 Frozen potatoes Grapefruit 08054001 Grapefruits
Papaya 08072001 Papayas Wheat grain 10011001 Durum wheat
Cucumber 07070001 Fresh or refrigerated cucumbers or pickles 10019001 Common wheat, March-September operation
Pear 08082001 Pears 10019002 Common wheat, October-February operation
08083001 Pears 10019099 Diverse wheat and meslin
210 211
Wheat grain 10011999 Diverse durum wheat Table egg 04072101 Fresh bird eggs for human consumption
10019901 Common wheat 04072901 Fresh bird eggs for human consumption
10019999 Diverse common wheat 04079001 Frozen bird eggs
Table grape 08061001 Fresh grapes 04072199 Diverse fresh bird eggs
Industrial grape 08061001 Grapes 04081101 Dried egg yolks
Raisins 08062001 Dried grapes 04081999 Fresh egg yolks
Blackberry 08102001 Fresh raspberries, blackberries, mulberries and loganberries 04089101 Powdered bird eggs
08112001 Frozen raspberries, blackberries, mulberries, loganberries and blackcurrants 04089199 Cooked and preserved bird eggs
Poultry in carcass 02071101 Non-sliced fresh or refrigerated bird, cock or hen meat Cow milk 04011001 Milk and cream with 1% fat or less in airtight packaging
02071201 Non-sliced frozen bird, cock or hen meat 04011099 Diverse milk and cream with 1% fat or less
02071303 Fresh or refrigerated bird, cock or hen meat: legs and thighs 04012001 Milk and cream with more than 1% and up to 6% fat in airtight packaging
02071399 Fresh or refrigerated bird, cock or hen meat: other cuts 04012099 Diverse milk and cream with more than 1% and up to 6% fat
02071404 Frozen bird, cock or hen meat: legs and thighs 04013001 Milk and cream with more than 6% fat in airtight packaging
02071499 Frozen bird, cock or hen meat: other cuts 04013099 Diverse milk and cream with more than 6% fat
Beef in carcass 02011001 Beef in carcasses or half carcasses 04014001 Milk and cream with more than 6% fat in airtight packaging
02012099 In-bone beef cuts 04014099 Diverse milk and cream with more than 6% fat
02013001 De-boned beef 04015001 Milk and cream with more than 10% fat in airtight packaging
02021001 Frozen beef in carcass 04015099 Diverse milk and cream with more than 10% fat
02022099 Frozen in-bone beef cuts 04021001 Powdered milk or in tablets, not exceeding 1.5%
02023001 Frozen de-boned beef 04021099 Milk in other solid forms not exceeding 1.5%
Pork in carcass 02031101 Pork in carcass 04022101 Milk powder or in tablets exceeding 1.5%, unsweetened
02031201 In-bone pork in quarters: legs, shoulders and other cuts 04022199 Milk powder or in tablets exceeding 1.5%, unsweetened
02031999 Diverse fresh or refrigerated pork 04022999 Milk powder or in tablets exceeding 1.5%, with additives
02032101 Frozen pork in carcass 04029101 Evaporated milk with no additives
02032201 In-bone frozen pork in quarters: legs, shoulders and other cuts 04029199 Diverse milk with no additives
02032999 Diverse frozen pork 04029901 Condensed milk
02101101 In-bone pork in hams, quarters or other cuts 04029999 Diverse concentrated milk with sugar or other sweeteners
Table egg 04070001 Fresh bird eggs in shell 04041001 Powdered milk serum with 12.5% protein or less
04070002 Frozen bird eggs in shell 04041099 Diverse concentrated milk serums with sugar or other sweeteners
04070099 Diverse bird eggs in shell 04049099 Diverse milk serums
212 213
Honey 04090001 Natural honey Shrimp 03062799 Diverse shrimp and prawns
Tuna 03023101 Albacoras or white tuna 16052001 Prepared shrimp, prawns, and other natantia decapods
03023201 Yellowfin tuna 16052101 Shrimps and prawns prepared in non-airtight containers
03023301 Stripped tuna or Skipjack tuna 16052999 Diverse prepared shrimp and prawns
03023401 Bigeye tuna Lobster 03061101 Frozen lobsters
03023501 Common or bluefin tuna 03062101 Non-frozen lobsters
03023601 Southern tuna Bream 03027101 Fresh or refrigerated bream
03023999 Diverse tuna 03032301 Frozen bream
03034101 Frozen white tuna 03043101 Fresh or refrigerated bream fillets
03034201 Frozen yellowfin tuna 03045101 Dried or smoked bream
03034301 Frozen stripped tuna or Skipjack tuna 03046101 Frozen bream fillets
03034401 Frozen bigeye tuna 03049301 Diverse frozen breams
03034501 Frozen bluefin tuna 03053101 Dried bream fillets
03034601 Frozen southern tuna 03054401 Smoked bream fillets
03034999 Diverse frozen tuna 03056401 Pickled bream
03048701 Frozen tuna fillets (Thunnus genus) Octopus 03075101 Live, fresh, or refrigerated octopus
16041401 Prepared tuna of the Thunnus genus 03075999 Fresh or refrigerated octopus
16041402 Prepared tuna fillets of the Thunnus genus 16055501 Prepared octopus
16041403 Prepared tuna fillets of the Euthynnus variety katsowonus pelamis Sardine 03026101 Fresh or refrigerated sardines
16041404 Prepared tuna fillets of the Euthynnus variety Yellowfin, Skipjack and Bigeye 03037101 Frozen sardines
16041499 Other forms of prepared tuna 03024301 Fresh or refrigerated sardines
16041901 Prepared tuna fillets of diverse Euthynnus varieties 03035301 Frozen sardines
16041902 Prepared tuna fillets of diverse Euthynnus varieties 16041301 Prepared sardines, whole or in pieces
16041999 Prepared tuna fillets of diverse genuses 16042001 Pickled sardines
16042002 Preserved tuna of the Euthynnus genus
Shrimp 03061301 Frozen shrimp
03062399 Shrimp, prawns and other natantia decapods
03061601 Frozen cold water shrimp
03061701 Diverse frozen shrimp
03062699 Cold water shrimp and prawns
214 215
Collaborators:
Patricia Ornelas Ruiz
Senior Director
Vanesa Copado Diaz

Field Operations Director
Jose Luis Campos Leal

Integration, Processing and Validation Director
Javier Vicente Aguilar Lara

Geo-spatial Solutions Director
Jorge Gustavo Tenorio Sandoval

Strategic Analysis Director
Omar Garcia Garcia

Dissemination Director
Ruben Dario Sarmiento Gomez

Information Technologies Director
Sujey Diaz Amezquita

Administrative Efficiency Director
Eduardo Hernandez Navarrete

Head of Department for Legal Affairs
Special thanks: SIAP team and SNIDRUS technicians,

for their support in the creation of this document.
Translated by: Fernanda Vázquez and Luis Pérez, in collaboration with Luis Cabrera Arrangoiz
LIVESTOCK, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND
FISHING INFORMATION SERVICE
FISHING AND FOOD
2012-2018
Food & Agricultural
Atlas
www.gob.mx/siap

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MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE,

LIVESTOCK, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND

Baltazar Hinojosa Ochoa Mario Gilberto Aguilar Sanchez

Raul Enrique Galindo Favela Leobigildo Cordova Tellez

Alejandro Vazquez Salido Ligia Noemi Osorno Magaña

Spanish version available in digital format and in print.

• On average, there was a 1.63 billion USD increase each year.

Volume* 1.7 2.1 tonnes

Source: SIAP. *Representative sample with whom there is an agreement.

Harvested: 11 in global food production

Based on this geographic input,

can be harvested by state

(published in the SIAP website)

Rural women represent more than a

are carried out; in addition, a

third of the world's population and

2017 Distribution of the agricultural area by state

Veracruz de Ignacio de la Lave

Baja California Sur

San Luis Potosi

563 545 540 USD 3.1%

Lime G Oil exports

Winter Harvest 2017/2018 Harvest

0.9 million hectares

Nayarit to achieve greater sales.

Top 10 in production volume Jalisco

Japan, China and South Korea are the

nations with the largest purchases

Top 10 in production volume

South Korea is the target market for

(thousand tonnes) Value

2008 2009 2010 2011

Top in production volume Puebla

Volume (tonnes) Variation (%)

3.9 4.1 Annual

There are 15 countries in the world where

revenue of 2.15 billion MXN for the 26,121 tonnes.

2008 2009 2010 2011

Top in production volume Jalisco

imports amounts to 38 million

Volume (tonnes) Variation (%)

10.2 10.4 Annual

geographical proximity between

Top 10 in production volume

imported 1.552, 0.505

Hidalgo and 0.385 million tonnes,

2.1 2.3 Annual

National monthly production (%)

China contributes six of each ten

0.8 USA world, the Russian Federation

0.8 1.0 Annual

Guanajuato European countries make up the foreign

1.6 1.8 Annual

Annual per capita consumption Share in the national

0.5 0.7 Annual

make the largest acquisitions,

1.5 1.7 Annual

this Mexican agroindustrial.

Top 10 in production volume Venezuela

Main producing states Veracruz

What vigor does

NDVI of wheat grain NDVI of maize grain Yield (ton/ha)

USA Turkey and China are the