Packaging & Dangerous Goods

Objectives

1. To provide advice to shippers on the most appropriate

packaging required for their goods and for the marking
to appear on packages

2. To plan and deal with special cargo

3. Provide advice to shippers on the most appropriate

marking and labelling to the different types of cargo.

4. Introduction to Dangerous Goods

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 PACKAGING

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

Packaging guarantees the protection of the
goods whilst in transit. Good and adequate
packaging is therefore essential. Otherwise,
reservations inserted in documents by carriers
and insurers.

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 Main Function of Packaging

a. Protection/Perlindungan → kehilangan, kerusakan,

pencurian, dll
b. Preservation/Pencegahan → perubahan temperature,
hama, kontaminasi dan resiko alam
c. Presentation/Penampilan → ukuran, bentuk, warna,
hiasan, dll

Protection
Preservation
Presentation

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 Packaging depends on
 Nature of goods
 Method of transport
 Voyage and final destination

SUPPLIERS/ EXPORTERS
Are responsible to provide packaging but forwarders
can help and advise their client

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 GUIDELINES ON THE CHOICE OF
PACKAGING
1. Goods should be well stowed within the package, evenly
distributed and properly secured

2. Where the Consignment

consist of a number of small
packages, it is preverable to
consolidate them into one
load by Strapping and
securing them to a wooden
pallet base

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 GUIDELINES ON THE CHOICE OF
PACKAGING
3. The regulations of the destination country as will as those of any
transit countries should be checked in order to ensure that they do
not prohibit certain type of packing material

4. The re – use of second hand cartons or cases should be avoided

5. To improve the handling of bigger volume of cargo, the design of he

package should match the dimensions of the product
Effort to minimize the cost of freight :
a. In respect of measurement of the cargo, the package should be
of minimum dimension
b. There should be optimum untilization of space within the package
c. Goods attracting different freight rates should not be packed
together in one package
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 GUIDELINES ON THE CHOICE OF
PACKAGING

6. It is essential that water proof wrapping for the contents and

waterproof lining for package should be provide

7. Over – packing in the name of protective packaging should be

avoided
8. In designing or choosing a suitable package, it may useful to consult,
wherever possible, the consignee and obtain reports from his end
about the packaging of specific products moving on specific routes

9. In export packaging, consideration should be given to the

“presentation”

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 INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR
PACKAGING

1. Nature of cargo or type of goods

2. Volume
3. Weight
4. Number of packages
5. Type of packages
6. Mode of transport
7. Final destination

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 BALES AND BUNDLES

The use of hessian-wrapped bales is suitable particularly

when the product permits pressure baling or compression
by bonding

bales

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 CASES, CRATES, CARTONS

These are very widely used for the sake of economy and
efficiency. They are able to withstand normal transport
hazards and protect the contents against loss and
damage.

crates carton
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 DRUMS, BARRELS, CASKS

These are generally used for liquids such as latex,

chemicals, detergents, molasses, casings, paints, powders

jerrycan drum IBC

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 SPECIAL CARGOES

- Bulk commodities
- High valued goods
- Perishable & refrigerated cargo
- Live animals

Some require special ships:

Bulk Cargo – ore, liquids, cereals, logs
Heavy machines – railway stock
Lifting gear – Ro-ro Ramps

Some require special precautions

Perishables
High valued goods
Dangerous Goods

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 BULK COMMODITIES

Do not require packing. They require a suitable vessel with

suitable handling gear

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 GOODS OF HIGH VALUE

If they are carried by ships, they will need special care and
protection. Direct delivery to the vessel and direct
collection upon arrival of the vessel would be advisable.

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 PERISHABLES AND REFRIGERATED
CARGO

Fruits, fresh vegetables, cheese, meat, etc. are usually

carried in or temperature controlled holds or in reefer
containers. Loading or unloading operations in respect of
such cargoes have to be carried out or on a priority basis
when the vessel calls at the port.

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 LIVE ANIMALS

Very special traffic

Food-care during journey
Usually, animals are “escorted” by specialised staff

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 DANGEROUS/HAZARDOUS GOODS

 Who should pack ? SUPPLIER

 Who completes declaration ? SUPPLIER

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 PACKING PRINCIPLES RELATING TO
CARGO IN CONTAINERS
“Safe container transport depends chiefly on a correct and immovable
stow and an even weight distribution.”
1. Tight Stowage
This can be achieved by :
(a) Making the shape and the dimensions of the package an optimum
module of the container
(b) Making the best of the unit load a module of the container. There
are other permutations of course, but as standards, sizes
convenient to the CCL General Cargo are shown below

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 PACKING PRINCIPLES RELATING TO
CARGO IN CONTAINERS
2. Restraint
It is always necessary to restrain the cargo for one or more of the
following reasons :
a. To prevent collapse of the stow while packing, unpacking or during
transit
b. To stop any movement during transit of part – loads or a single
heavy items → the heavier the item the more damage it will do if
allowed to move, and
c. To prevent the “face” of the stow collapsing and leaning against the
container doors to fall out when the doors are opened

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 PACKING PRINCIPLES RELATING TO
CARGO IN CONTAINERSv
3. Method of securing cargo
a. Shoring
Bars, and spars located in the cargo voids the cargo pressed againt
the walls or other cargo

b. Lashing
Ropes, wire, chain

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 PACKING PRINCIPLES RELATING TO
CARGO IN CONTAINERS

c. Wedging
Wooden distance pices, pads of
synthetic material, etc.

d. Locking
Cargo built up to give a three
dimentional brick wall effect

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 Prinsip Pengepakan di Kontainer ---5
4. Load factors
Heavy loads must be
assessed according to
their shape, dimension and
weight. As a guide, the
weights or loads should be
distributed over the
container floor by means to
suitable bearers or
dunnage as flws
a. Width : Distribution
should be over the entire
width of the

b. Length : Each ton weight of cargo should be spread over at

least two floor members.
Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods
TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE TRUE

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 CTR - 2

Starting

Braking

Driving

Turning to the right

Turning to the left

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 CTR - 3

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods
Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods
 MARKING & LABELLING

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 Shipping Marks
BACKGROUND
1. The purpose of shipping marks is to identify cargo and help move it
rapidly, smoothly and safety without delays or confusion to its final
destination, as well as to enable the checking of the cargo against
document
2. Shipping marks differ widely between countries and between mode
of transport
 Volume of international trade → increased

 The need of manage data → growth Need standardizations

 Cost – consciousness → increased

3. Benefit of standardization :
a. Reduced cost
b. Quicker checking of cargoes and documents
c. Increased safety by using internationally – recognized symbols for
handling instructions and danger warnings
Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods
 Marking
The standard (and simple) shipping marks are made up of the following
four elements in the sequence indicated and should be shown both on
packages and in documents.
Example

1. Initials or consignee’s name PCU

2. Reference number 050507

3. Destination Surabaya

4. Package number 1/10

If transit points are involved, these may also be indicated f.e (element.3)
Surabaya via Singapore

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 Information Marks

Information Marks for providing any necessary additional information on

package only such as weight; country of production of the goods
→ they are shown on package but clearly separated from the standard
shipping marks
Expl :

1. 462 kg – means Gross/Brutto Weight. The Words Gross/brutto weight

need not be shown

2. IL GG22455.17067.2 – means Import Lisence number

3. N 401 KG 105 X 90 X 62 cm – means Net Weight 401 kg and

dimension in cm

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 Cargo Handling Marks
Using internationally – recognized symbols for handling instruction
(heavy cargo; perishable cargo; etc) and danger warning

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Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods
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 KEYWORDS : Big, Bold and Brief

 Should be marked centrally on two sides of the package

 Should be in characters 5 cm high, can be varied in proportion to the
size of the package
 Should preferably be stenciled using black ink (or a colour
contrasting with the background) waterproof – permanent and
resistant to humidity and friction
 Fluorescent colour might be considered. Red should only be used
for dangerous cargo
 Information marks : well separated from shipping marks Smaller
characters and different colour
 Cargo handling Marks – should be located at the appropriate
position on the package
(e.g. lifting points and centre – of gravity marks)
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 SPECIAL NOTES ON METHODS OF
MARKING

 Unpacked items, e.g. ironwork, should be marked with a metal tag,

securely wired
 Bales should be marked on both sides. Where the contents can
shift through a material suck as hessian the marking should be
done before filling
 Drums should be marked on the head (top) and side

 Carboys (large glass of bottles) should be marked with self –

adhesive labels on two opposite side.

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 DANGEROUS GOODS

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

 DANGEROUS GOODS : CLASSIFICATION
ADR/RID CLASSIFICATION

Class 1a Explosive substances and articles

Class 1b Articles filled with explosive
substances
Class 1c Igniters, fireworks and similar
goods
Class 2 Gases : compressed liquified or dissolved
under pressure
Class 3 Inflammable liquids
Class 4.1 Inflammable solids
Class 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion

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 DANGEROUS GOODS : CLASSIFICATION

ADR/RID CLASSIFICATION

Class 4.3 Substances which give off inflammable

gasses on contact with water
Class 5.1 Oxidizing substances
Class 5.2 Organic peroxides
Class 6.1 Toxic substances
Class 6.2 Repugnant substances and substances
liable to cause infection
Class 7 Radioactive substances
Class 8 Corrosive substances

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 DANGEROUS GOODS :
CLASSIFICATION
IMDG/IMO CLASSIFICATION
Class 1 Explosives
Class 1.1 Substances and articles which have a
mass explosion hazard
Class 1.2 Substances and articles which have a
mass explosion hazard
Class 1.3 Substances and articles which have a fire hazard
and either a minor blast hazard or a minor
projection hazard or both, but not a mass
explosion hazard
Class 1.4. Substances and articles which present
no significant hazard
Class 1.5 Very insensitive substances
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 DANGEROUS GOODS :CLASSIFICATION

IMDG/IMO CLASSIFICATION

Class 2 Gases : compressed, liquefied or

dissolved under pressure
Class 3 Inflammable liquids
Class 3.1 Low flashpoint group of liquids
Class 3.2. Intermediate flashpoint group of liquids
Class 3.3. High flashpoint group of liquids
Class 4.1. Inflammable solids
Class 4.2 Inflammable solids, or substances, liable to
spontaneous combustion
Class 4.3 Inflammable solids, or substances, which in
contact with water emit inflammable gases
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 DANGEROUS GOODS : CLASSIFICATION

IMDG/IMO CLASSIFICATION

Class 5.1 Oxidizing substances

Class 5.2. Organic peroxides
Class 6.1 Poisonous (toxic) substances
Class 6.2. Infectious substances
Class 7 Radioactive substances
Class 8 Corrosives
Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods
 Ilustrasi label dan plakat

Modul 2 - Packaging and Dangerous Goods

»› Marking, Labeling and Placarding

Kemasan Barang berbahaya (peraturan No.3 IMO

Code)
 Diberi Markah → menunjukkan nama teknis secara
benar.
 Dengan label/plakat yang jelas → menjelaskan isi
dari bahan berbahaya.

KETENTUAN MARKAH DAN LABEL

MENGGUNAKAN HURUF BESAR,
DISERTAI GAMBAR PADA SISI ATAS DAN SAMPING,
SEDERHANA

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