Document

Brief Outlines of All Courses

Master in Biomedical Sciences Program
Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing
Universitas Gadjah Mada

I. Curriculum
Basic and General Courses Followed by All Students
Semester I
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Human Biology KUD 600 4 Compulsory
02 Cell and Molecular Biology KUD 601 3 Compulsory
03 Human Genetics KUD 602 2 Compulsory
04 Basic Immunology KUD 603 2 Compulsory
05 Basic Methods of Biomedical Research KUD 604 2 Compulsory
06 Medical Statistics KUD 605 2 Compulsory
07 Research Methodology and Scientific Writing KUD 606 2 Compulsory

Major-Specific Courses
Major in Anatomy
Semester II
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Anatomy Macro- and Microtechnique KUD 610 3 Compulsory
02 Gross Anatomy KUD 611 4 Compulsory
03 Embryology and Developmental Genetics KUD 612 2 Compulsory
04 Neuroanatomy KUD 613 2 Compulsory
05 Musculoskeletal System and Kinesiology KUD 614 2 Compulsory
06 Advanced Dissection of Regional Anatomy KUD 615 2 Compulsory
07 Research Proposal Development KUD 616 1 Compulsory

Semester III
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar I KUD 715 1 Compulsory
02 Applied Anatomy, Ergonomy, and Kinesiology KUD 716 2 Elective
03 Molecular Basis and Application of KUD 718 2 Elective
Developmental Anatomy
04 Cognitive, Stress and Molecular Neuroanatomy KUD 719 2 Elective
05 Functional Anatomy of Visceral Organs KUD 720 2 Elective
06 Diseases Related Animal Model KUD 721 2 Elective
07 Imaging and Clinical Anatomy KUD 722 2 Elective
08 Anatomy Teaching Media KUD 723 2 Elective
09 Thesis Preparation KUD 724 2 Elective

Semester IV
No. Courses Code SKS Type
1 Seminar II KUD 818 1 Compulsory
2 Thesis KUD 819 8 Compulsory
 Major in Medical Anthropology
Semester II
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Medical Anthropology KUD 680 2 Compulsory
02 Forensic Anthropology KUD 681 2 Compulsory
03 Dermatoglyphics KUD 682 2 Compulsory
04 Growth Anthropology KUD 683 2 Compulsory
05 Human Morphological Variation KUD 684 2 Compulsory
06 Nutritional Anthropology KUD 685 2 Compulsory
07 Human Adaptation and Ratiology KUD 686 2 Compulsory
08 Applied Anthropology KUD 688 2 Compulsory

Semester III
No. Courses Code SKS Type
02 Seminar I KUD7811 1 Compulsory

Semester IV
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar II KUD 8111 1 Compulsory
02 Thesis KUD 8812 8 Compulsory

Major in Biochemistry
Semester II
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Enzymology KUD 620 3 Compulsory
02 Biochemistry of Medical Physics KUD 621 2 Compulsory
03 Advanced Molecular Biology KUD 622 2 Compulsory
04 Research Techniques KUD
2 623 2 Compulsory
05 Molecular Genetics and Immunochemistry KUD 624 2 Compulsory
06 Biochemistry and Nutrition KUD 625 3 Compulsory
07 Advanced Biochemistry KUD 626 3 Compulsory
08 Elective Supporting Course KUD 627 3 Compulsory

Semester III
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar I KUD 720 1 Compulsory

Semester IV
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar II KUD 820 1 Compulsory
02 Thesis KUD 821 8 Compulsory
 Major in Biomedicine and Human Reproduction
Semester II
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Basic Embryology KUD 630 2 Compulsory
02 Reproductive Endocrinology KUD 631 2 Compulsory
03 Basic Immunology and Pathology KUD 632 2 Compulsory
04 Genetic Disorders & Congenital Malformations KUD 633 2 Compulsory
05 Seminar I and Practical Session KUD 634 2 Compulsory
06 Assisted Reproductive Technology KUD 635 2 Compulsory
07 Biomolecular Epidemiology KUD 636 2 Compulsory

Semester III
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar II & Research Proposal Writing KUD 730 1 Compulsory

Semester IV
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Thesis KUD 830 8 Compulsory

Major in Pharmacology
Semester II
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics KUD 640 2 Compulsory
02 Experimental Pharmacology KUD 641 2 Compulsory
03 Drug Development, Screening and Evaluation KUD 642 2 Compulsory
04 Clinical Pharmacology KUD 643 2 Compulsory
05 Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Management KUD 644 2 Compulsory
06 Medical Toxicology KUD 645 2 Compulsory
07 Immunopharmacology KUD 646 2 Compulsory
08 Evidence-Based Treatment KUD 647 2 Compulsory
09 Molecular Pharmacology KUD 648 2 Compulsory
10 Research Proposal Development KUD 649 2 Compulsory

Semester III
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar I KUD 740 1 Compulsory

Semester IV
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar II KUD 841 1 Compulsory
02 Thesis KUD 842 8 Compulsory
 Major in Physiology
Semester II
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Nervous System KUD 660 2 Compulsory
02 Musculoskeletal System KUD 661 2 Compulsory
03 Endocrine System KUD 662 2 Compulsory
04 Reproductive System KUD 663 2 Compulsory
05 Cardiovascular System KUD 664 2 Compulsory
06 Respiratory Systems KUD 665 2 Compulsory
07 Urinary System KUD 666 2 Compulsory
08 Digestive System KUD 667 2 Compulsory
09 Immune System and Integument KUD 668 2 Compulsory
10 Applied Physiology KUD 669 2 Compulsory
11 Practical Session KUD 670 2 Compulsory
12 Seminar I KUD 766 1 Compulsory

Semester III
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar II KUD 860 1 Compulsory

Semester IV
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Thesis KUD 861 8 Compulsory

Major in Histology and Cell Biology

Semester II
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Advanced Cell and Molecular Biology KUD 650 2/1* Compulsory
02 Microtechnique KUD 651 2/1* Compulsory
03 Cell Culture and Cytogenetics KUD 652 1/1* Compulsory
04 Immunobiology KUD 653 2/1* Compulsory
05 Neurobiology KUD 654 2 Compulsory
06 Tumor Biology KUD 655 2 Compulsory

Semester III
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar I KUD 750 2 Compulsory

Semester IV
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar II KUD 850 2 Compulsory
02 Thesis KUD 851 8 Compulsory
 Major in Molecular Medicine
Semester II
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Biotypermatics KUD 690 1/1* Compulsory
02 Genetic Engineering KUD 691 2/1* Compulsory
03 Pharmacogenomic KUD 692 2/1* Compulsory
04 Immunotherapy and Vaccinology KUD 693 2 Compulsory
05 Molecular Epidemiology KUD 694 2/1* Compulsory
06 Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy KUD 695 2 Compulsory
07 Seminar KUD 696 2 Compulsory
1/1*: 1 SKS Lecture and 1 SKS Practical Session

Elective Courses
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Molecular Toxicology KUD 697 2 Elective
02 Molecular Neurobiology KUD 698 2 Elective
03 Molecular Oncology and Haematology KUD 699 2 Elective
04 Molecular Immunology and Clinical Infection KUD 6910 2 Elective
05 Molecular Aspects of Autoimmune Diseases & KUD 6911 2 Elective
Hypersensitivity
06 Molecular Aspects of Metabolic Disorder KUD 6912 2 Elective
07 Molecular Aspects of Degenerative Diseases KUD 6913 2 Elective
08 Developmental Biology KUD 6914 2 Elective
09 Nanomedicine KUD 6915 2 Elective
Students are required to choose 3 (three) courses from the available elective courses.

Semester III
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Thesis KUD 6916 8 Compulsory

Major in Parasitology
Semester II
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Medical Protozoology KUD 670 3 Compulsory
02 Medical Helminthology KUD 671 3 Compulsory
03 Medical Entomology KUD 672 3 Compulsory
04 Immunoparasitology KUD 673 2 Compulsory
05 Parasitosis Pathology KUD 674 2 Compulsory
06 Gis Epidemiology KUD 675 2 Compulsory
07 Molecular Parasitology & Laboratory Technique KUD 676 2 Compulsory

Semester III
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar I/Research Proposal Development KUD 770 1 Compulsory

Semester IV
No. Courses Code SKS Type
01 Seminar II KUD 870 1 Compulsory
02 Thesis KUD 871 8 Compulsory
II. SYLLABI
1. Basic and General Courses Followed by All Students
Human Biology KUD 600
This course discusses human biological aspects in molecular, cellular, organism, and
supra-organism level, and also the biological organization of human population. This
course will also discuss various biological principles from the spatial and temporal
developmental processes, the structural, molecular, and ultrastructural organization,
biochemical compositions, and the functions of cell components. Introduction to cell and
molecular biology principles which are commonly used in biomedical research will also
be discussed in this course.

Cell and Molecular Biology KUD 601

This course focuses on cells as the smallest functional unit which form tissues, organs,
and organ systems in an organism. Cell is composed of macromolecules, these molecules
form functional cell structures, known as organelles. Organelles and important functions
in cells such as the functions of cell membrane, energy production, gene expressions and
their regulations will be discussed at molecular level. Students will also learn about
regulation of cell numbers via cell cycles and apoptosis, intercellular communication, and
signal transduction.

Human Genetics KUD 602

Human Genetics discusses about the general structures of human chromosomes. The
discussion of genetic material structures covers DNA, RNA, genetic codes, replication,
transcription, translation, regulations of gene expressions, basic molecular morphogenetic,
and genetic disorders. Basic principles of immunity from chemical and cellular aspects will
also be discussed.

Basic Immunology KUD 603

This course is a general overview of basic immune system, especially about all
components involved in immunity, including B, T, mast cells, and plasma cells. Students
will also learn about immunology of infectious diseases, neoplasms, autoimmune diseases,
hypersensitivity, and tissue transplantation. Various types of antigens, immunities (innate,
adaptive, and formation processes), immunological reactions and processes including their
application for diagnosis will be discussed in this course.

Basic Methods of Biomedical Research KUD 604

Students will learn about biomedical research techniques, including data collection,
sampling techniques, data processing, selecting the appropriate methods, data analysis, and
drawing conclusions.

Medical Statistics KUD 605

This course will give basic knowledge about quantitative processing of research data,
frequency distribution, graphical representation, dispersion, central tendency and its
application. Students will also learn about inductive and inferential statistical review:
probability, single sample test, parametric and nonparametric significance test, correlation,
regression, covariance analysis and other type of analysis.

Research Methodology and Scientific Writing KUD 606

This course will discuss the intellectual, methodological and technical basis of
scientific research in the field of biomedicine, which includes laboratory, clinical trial
and epidemiological research. Therefore, students are expected to understand the
fundamental characteristics of scientific methods in solving problems through a
controlled and objective study, so that later they will be able to plan, design and conduct
biomedical research based on scientific principles. In addition, students will also study
types and basics of scientific writing and how to understand scientific papers in the field
of biomedicine.

Seminar I KUD 696, 715, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760,770, 7811.
Periodically, each student presents the results of their theoretical analysis or literature
review on a particular topic related to their interest or research topic in a small scientific
forum (attended by lecturers) in order to practice their skills in presenting and discussing in
a scientific forum.

Seminar II KUD 870, 818, 820, 730, 841, 850, 860, 8111.
Students present their research proposals or research findings in the level of study
program after it has been previously presented in their majors for the purpose of
completing their thesis.

Thesis KUD 819, 821, 830, 842, 851, 861, 871, 8812, 8916.
Thesis is the scientific manuscript of research that has been conducted by each student in
their fielf of interest under the guidance of two supervisors, which is presented and defended in
front of the supervisors and two examiners at the level of the study program.

2. Major-Specific Courses
Major in Anatomy
Gross Anatomy KUD 610
This course focuses on the gross anatomy of all systems in human using human
system approach. Students will also learn about the fundamentals of macroanatomy.
Lectures are mainly given in the form of lectures, discussions, and presentations.

Embryology and Developmental Genetics KUD 612

This course primarily discusses embryology and genetics, starting from the principles
of human development (including embryogenesis and organogenesis) until differentiation
of various cells that make up organ and organ systems. Genetics as the basis of
development will also be given in relation to inheritance pattern and disease processes.

Neuroanatomy KUD 613

This course concentrates on the nervous system, especially the linkage between
anatomical structures and functions in the field of neuroanatomy. Psychological
approaches, functional disorders, and clinical findings are often used as "triggers" to begin
the course. Course materials are delivered to students through lectures, discussions and
presentations.

Musculoskeletal System and Kinesiology KUD 614

The course discusses the basic principles of motion and its components, muscle
contraction, basic ergonomics, basic kinesiology, and balance related to muscle contraction,
especially in terms of work and dynamic movement.

Advanced Dissection of Regional Anatomy KUD 615

This course teaches the basis of human body dissection using regional approach.
Students will perform dissection of body region, starting from thoracic-pectoral, superior
and inferior extremities, abdomen and pelvis, and head. Teaching and learning activities
are carried out through discussions, lectures, and mostly hands-on dissections.
Applied Anatomy, Ergonomy, and Kinesiology KUD 716
This course is an advanced and elective course for students who have specific interest
in macroanatomy and are going to conduct research with topics related to kinesiology,
occupational health, ergonomics, and sports medicine. The course will be delivered
through lectures, discussions, and presentations.

Molecular Basis and Application of Developmental Anatomy KUD 718

This course teaches the principles of embryology in relation to regenerative
medicine, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and cell reprogramming including stem cells.
This course is also a mandatory option for students conducting research in the field
of embryology. The course will be delivered through lectures, discussions, and
presentations.

Cognitive, Stress and Molecular Neuroanatomy KUD 719

This course is a recommended elective course for students who are interested in
neuroanatomy and going to conduct research related to neuroanatomy or neuroscience.
The course focuses on the advanced principles of cognition, memory and stress. Class
activities include lectures, discussions, journal reading, and presentations. Up-to-date
research concerning the molecular aspects related to neuroanatomy and neuroscience
will also be discussed.

Functional Anatomy of Visceral Organs KUD 720

This course teaches about functional anatomy of visceral organs such as heart,
kidney, liver, and vascular system. The course will be delivered through lectures,
discussions, and presentations. This elective course is recommended for students who are
interested in macroanatomy and their research focus on visceral organs.

Disease-Related Animal Model KUD 721

Disease-Related Animal Model is a short course for 1-2 weeks duration. This
course introduces students to how to make disease-related animal models. Students
will learn to create disease-related animal models using simple techniques. The most
common animal models for this course are the ones related to kidney diseases (acute
and chronic renal failure, renal fibrosis, ischemic/reperfusion injury) and
cardiovascular diseases (neointimal formation/carotid artery ligation, global brain
ischemic injury).

Anatomy Teaching Media KUD 723

Anatomy Teaching Media is another short course to make simple and practical
anatomy teaching media. The teaching media may be in the form of videos, tutorials,
practice manuals, or teaching practices.

Major in Medical Anthropology

Medical Anthropology KUD 680
This course studies health issues and diseases in the perspective of bioanthropology
and cultural anthropology. The program offers significant theoretical, empirical and
practical knowledge to understand cultures in relation with health knowledge and practice,
the dynamics of healers’ roles, the effects of social, political, and economic factors on the
health of individuals and communities, as well as the environment and illness-causing
agents. This course also studies human experiences on diseases in cross-cultural, historical,
and evolutionary perspectives, as a biocultural study that pays attention to the biological
and cultural aspects of human behavior, especially about the interactions between the two
that affect health and disease. Medical Anthropology invites students to be critical that
health and illness are parts of evolution process, and how human try to fight and adapt to
them from time to time. Human biological processes and variations contribute to various
diseases and their treatment. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of the courses can
contribute to the fields of biology, culture and applied health and disease issues, including
nursing and nutrition.

Human Morphological Variation KUD 684

Variations of human morphology are the study of morphological variations of human
race outside of the study of stature, related to the assessment of nutritional state and the
determination of risk factors for some diseases. This course includes an understanding of
human variations associated with morphological, physiological and psychological factors.
In addition, there are also introductions of several methods or techniques used to determine
body type (somatotype), somatology, androgyny and body composition, and correlation
between stature and nutritional state and disease. Students are also equipped with
anthropometry and anthropometry methods in relation to human morphological variations.

Nutritional Anthropology KUD 685

This course discusses anthropological issues both physically and culturally.
Nutritional Anthropology includes two disciplines, nutrition and anthropology. This field
is focused on anthropological symptoms that interfere with human nutritional status. Thus,
the evolution of man, history and culture, and their adaptation to many variables of
nutrition under various environmental conditions describe the ingredients that are the point
of attention in nutritional anthropology. The program also emphasizes the measurement of
nutrition status using anthropometry technique. This course describes in depth about the
concept of anthropometric measurement of nutrition, required equipment, anthropometric
index, weakness and anthropometric excellence in the assessment of nutritional status. In
addition, various factors that influence the nutritional status are also reviewed
anthropologically.

Applied Anthropology KUD 686

The theory of human adaptation to the environment can be seen from the tools they
made for convenience purposes. Standing, sitting, and lying down are the three basic
statures which are important in anthropometric measurements in both technical and applied
anthropology.
This course discusses the application of anthropometric data on human-machine
design to make it more efficient, safe and comfortable. It also studies the functional
anthropometry techniques, including sports anthropology, nutritional anthropology, and
ergonomics.

Forensic Anthropology KUD 681

This course discusses theories and identification principles of human remains that have
undergone partial or complete decomposition of the soft tissues so that only the skeletal
remains, including the identification of human / non-human bone, race, sex, age, height,
trauma, and facial reconstruction. This course is useful for Disaster Victim Identification
(DVI).

Human Adaptation and Physiology KUD 686

Adaptation is a series of changes that occur in organisms when overcoming
challenges for survival. Adaptation is done to overcome environmental stress,
which is a condition that disrupt normal function of organism causing homeostasis
imbalance. At the functional level, all adaptation responses of the organism are
performed to preserve homeostasis. Broadly speaking, adaptation process includes
both major and minor evolutionary events, individual growth, and fixed or
temporary behavioral and physiological changes.
This course discusses biological and cultural human adaptation to different
environmental conditions such as adaptation to hot and cold temperatures,
altitudes, desert areas, nutrients, and so on. This course also talks about human
adaptation to solar radiation and its role in the evolution of skin color. The process
of daptation is the key to human variation on earth and is at the core of the process
of evolution. Various manifestations of the adaptation process in some indigeneous
and non-indigenous (non-native population) tribes are discussed to broaden the
students' horizons so as to analyze the importance of adaptation role in health
management.

Dermatoglyphics KUD 682

Dermatoglyphic is the depiction of skin ridges on the body part that can be used to grip.
Dermatoglyphic technique is one of the simple techniques that are still widely used for
identification purposes. Dermatoglyphics explains various dermatoglyphic patterns on the
fingers (fingerprint), palm print, and toes print. The course also discusses how to read
dermatoglyphic pattern and total finger ridge count (TFRC).
Embryologically, dermatoglyphic are permanently printed since fetus development.
Dermatoglyphics is not only useful in forensic identification but also in the diagnosis of
some genetic disorders, that is why the course also studies a variety of dermatoglyphic
patterns commonly found in genetic abnormalities. Students are also equipped with ways
of making dermatoglyphic and its analysis through practical sessions.

Major in Biochemistry
Enzymology KUD 620
This course teaches students of how to analyze the functions and action
mechanisms of enzymes, the basic principles kinetics of enzyme reaction kinetics,
and the Michaelis-Menten equation. Enzyme testing such as the effect of inhibitor,
activator, substrate level, pH and temperature are also discussed in this course.
Control of enzyme activity is discussed in relation to metabolic control.

Biochemistry of Medical Physics KUD 621

This course discusses chemical-physics events which are widely applicable in
the field of biochemistry, including the properties of solutions, pH, bioenergetics,
chemical equilibrium, chemical reaction kinetics and basic radioactive properties,
and radioactive methods in relation to metabolic processes.

Advanced Molecular Biology KUD 622

This course facilitates students to understand macromolecular catabolism and
anbolism, the relationships between the two processes and their regulations. The
course also discusses chemical components, functions and biochemical processes
taking place in tissues such as blood and other body fluids, liver, kidneys, brain,
bone, muscle, skin, and adipose tissue. More specific biochemical processes such
as protein structure and function, gene exploration, membrane transport, hormonal
activity, and sensory systems are also presented.

Biochemical Instrumentation and Basic Methods of Molecular Biology KUD 623

This course discusses the introduction, discussion, and skill training on how to use
qualitative analysis tools, quantitative analysis and separation methods such as titration,
spectrophotometer reading, crystallization, precipitation, centrifugation, chromatography,
and electrophoresis. Further understanding is provided through practical session which
also supports instrumentation.

Molecular Genetics and Immunochemistry KUD 624

The course discusses the structures of genetic materials such as DNA, RNA, and
genetic code, replication, transcription and translation processes, gene expression
regulations, molecular basis of morphogenesis, and genetic mutations (with the
abnormalities). The course also encourages students to understand basic immune system,
chemical immunity, and cellular immunity. The understanding of basic immunology
helps students to better grasp the relation between basic immunology and clinical
immunology and the relation between immunological tests and selected diseases.

Nutrition and Molecular Metabolism KUD 625

The course discusses nutritional importance for the body, biochemical effects
arising from nutrient deficiency, overload or imbalance, nutritional value and
factors affecting the use of nutrients from various foods ingested through
parenteral feeding.

Medical Biochemistry and Capita Selecta KUD 626

Applications of biochemical foundations in analyzing many common health
problems, including nutritional diseases, metabolic disorders, acid-base
disturbances, power disruption, hormonal disturbances and biochemical process
disturbances in tissues are viewed from several possible causes. Other interesting
and relevant topics such as biochemistry of aging, the influence of temperature,
air pressure, environmental pollution, parasites in the intestine and its effects on
the body's biochemical processes are also discussed..

Elective Supporting Course KUD 627

Additional courses provided to support students' knowledge to conduct research in
accordance with their research topics.

Major in Biomedicine and Human Reproduction

Basic Embryology KUD 630
In this subject we discuss the basics of embryology, including mitosis, determination,
differentiation, morphogenesis and organogenesis, gametogenesis and fertilization,
implantation and embryogenesis, development and growth of genital organs, mechanisms
of developmental disorders / growth of reproductive organs, special topics, anatomy,
surgical approach, and management of vaginal agenesis, exteriosation, vaginal septum,
clitoral dysfunction, feminizing ginecoplasty, anomalous ductus mulleri, embryology and
anatomy of the hypothalamic hypophysis system, thyroid gland and adrenal gland.

Endocrinology and Reproduction KUD 631

This course discusses hormonal mechanisms, pharmacology of hormone clinics,
pathology, endocrine pregnancy, neuroendocrine fuction and disease, the ovary function and
disease, thyroid function and disease, adrenal function and disease, androgen disorders,
puberty, female infertility, male infertility, climaterium, amenorhea and special topics.

Basic Immunology and Pathology KUD 632

Discussed basic immunology, reproductive immunology, the immunology of
conception, pathology and specific topics.

Genetic Disorders & Congenital Malformations KUD 633

This course discusses fertility, reproductive disorders, genetic disorders, genetic
abnormalities in women and men, basic techniques for genetic analysis for molecular
biology, reproductive clinics, transgenic technology processes in animal reproduction,
immunological factors on reproduction.

Seminar I and Practical Session KUD 634

Periodically, the participants present in a limited scientific forum (attended by faculty)
results of theoretical analysis or literature on a particular topic related to the participant's
interest or research topic, in order to practice the skills and skills of presentations and
discussions in scientific forums.
In practical session, students will practice several chemical solutions including the how
to make buffer solution, conduct DNA isolation, and perform horizontal and vertical
electrophoresis.

Assisted Reproductive Technology KUD 635

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is a solution offered by the medical world to
overcome the problem of infertility. The problem of infertility is a relatively complicated
and complex problem, ranging from age, especially wife's age, length of marriage, the
frequency of relationships involving husband and wife, drugs consumed, in addition to
abnormalities of reproductive organs. A systematic, effective, efficient, safe and rational
solution is needed to help improve the success of pregnancy rates. Also studied egg donation
in women.

Biomolecular Epidemiology KUD 636

This course discusses basic quantitative measurements used in epidemiology,
epidemiological research design (descriptive and analytic), estimation of sample size and
power, sampling design, research questions and hypothesis.

Major in Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics KUD 640
In this course will discuss the effects of drugs on biological systems either on the level
of molecules, cells, organs or whole organs and the factors that influence it. In more detail
the principles of drug mechanisms, receptors and drug action sites, identification and
isolation of receptors, drug interactions and receptors, drug agonists and antagonies as well
as quantitative analysis of drug and receptor interactions. Furthermore, we also discussed
the influence of biological systems that include the process of absorption, distribution, drug
elimination, quantitative analysis of drug pharmacokinetics, drug interactions on the
kinetics phase and quantitative relations of kinetics and drug dynamics.

Experimental Pharmacology KUD 641

In this course we discuss methods of preclinical and clinical research in the field of
pharmacology for the purposes of research dynamics, kinetics, drug clinical trials and
pharmacoepidemiology. This course will be discussed and practiced on the quantitative
relationship of dosage and pharmacological effects on isolated organs, drug analysis in
biological fluids for human pharmacokinetics research, and pharmacosocial research
methods. Thus expected this course can provide stock to students to carry out research
in order to complete the thesis S-2nya.

Drug Development, Screening and Evaluation KUD 642

In this Program will discuss the phases of drug development from the discovery efforts
of drug compounds, drug testing at each stage, effectiveness assessment, clinical benefit
and drug safety in relation to drug development and monitoring of drug effects in relation
to drug use in clinics. In addition we will discuss methods for screening and adaptation of
technology, whether related to diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic technologies. The
concepts of screening, diagnostic test and evidence-based treatment will be provided in
detail based on an iterative loop for the development, screening and determination of health
technologies.

Clinical Pharmacology KUD 643

After completion of Clinical Pharmacology Courses students can understand the scope
of clinical pharmacology in relation to therapy and drug use rationally; understanding the
pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenetic, pharmacopinetic aspects of drug
use, monitoring in drug therapy (TDM), the variability of therapeutic effects and
influencing factors; explain the adverse reactions of drug use and drug interactions;
describes therapy with drugs in a special group of patients (neonates, children, elderly,
pregnant or lactating, renal failure, circulatory failure, impaired liver function and impaired
fluid and electrolyte balance); describes pharmacotherapy in cardiovascular disorders or
diseases, respiration, gastrointestinal, hormonal, urinary tract, life and nerves, bacterial
infections, parasitic virus and cancer pharmacotherapy.

Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Management KUD 644

This topic discusses the pharmacoepidemiology research methods ranging from drug
utilization study and review, prescription event-monitoring, case-control surveillance, to post-
marketing surveillance. Also discussed are various strategies to identify and perform critical
analysis of therapeutic erorr and inappropriate treatment, and look for causal factors, and
intervene to improve the quality of therapy in the population. Critical analysis of drug use in
populations that are inconsistent with pharmacological concepts to avoid the risk of
medication error and doing harm therapy are also discussed in this topic. Specifically will also
be discussed drug management as one component of health technology, which includes the
selection, procurement, distribution, use and evaluation.

Medical Toxicology KUD 645

After completion of the Medical Toxicology Courses students can understand the
scope of medical toxicology in relation to basic toxicology, clinics, forensics,
environment and war toxicology; explaining the terms poison and poisoning,
toxicodynamics, toxicocinetics, statistics and calculations in toxicodynamics, toxicities
and influencing factors, manifestation of toxic effects and toxicity tests; the principles of
poisoning therapy, non-specific supportive therapy and specific therapy, emesis, gastric
lavage, adsorbent, antidotum, forced diuresis, dialysis and hemoperfusa; explains
mechanisms of action, diagnosis and treatment of pesticide poisoning, food and drug
poisoning, basic material poisoning, intermediate and industrial products, pollutants, plant
and animal poisons.

Immunopharmacology KUD 646

In this course we discuss immunological understanding in general, pharmacology
modulation in the immune system, immuno stimulants, immunodepressants,
pharmacological modulation of infectious diseases, neoplasms, outoimun disease,
hypersensitivity and tissue transplantation. After attending college students are expected
to understand and be able to explain pharmacological modulation, its role in increasing
or suppressing immune system work in protecting body against organism or antigen
entering body, host cell becoming neoplasm, also role of pharmacology modulation in
immune system against host cell (self antigen ) in autoimmune diseases, advanced
responses to tissue damage reactions antigen (hypersensitivity responses), and tissue
transplant rejection. Furthermore, students can develop into research proposals in the
field of immunopharmacology.
Evidence-Based Treatment KUD 647
Based on evidence-based medicine we will discuss more therapeutic decision making
processes more than harm with special emphasis on effi ciency, safety, and efficiency. The
discussion will also include methods of systematic review and / or meta-analysis to obtain
scientifically justifiable evidences as the basis for determining current best treatment.
These topics are given sequentially from formulation asking answerable clinical questions,
to diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic studies.

Molecular Pharmacology KUD 648

The rapid development of molecular biology allows to explain
pharmacological processes at the molecular level. In this lecture will be discussed
molecular structure of drug receptor and its classification. Molecular biology
techniques to study receptors. Drug action mechanisms, mechanisms of toxic
effects at the molecular, pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic levels. Drug
screening techniques utilizing molecular biology techniques will also be
discussed.

Major in Physiology
Nervous System KUD 660
This subject contains nervous system from the basic science in cellular, organs, organ
system level through behavior aspects of nervous system. Contents include: neuron
(histology, action potential), synapse (neurotransmiter, excitatory post-synaptic potential
dan in- hibitory post-synaptic potential), sensory receptor, somatomotor system, sensory
system, autonomic nervous system, higher functions of the brain (learning, memory,
language), emotional and instinctive behavior, reticular activating system, diffuse
modulatory system and sense organs.

Musculoskeletal System KUD 661

This subject contains structures, functions and characteristic of muscles (skeletal,
smooth and cardiac muscles). Skeletal muscle will be studied in relation with locomotion
and sport. Articulation, joint and movement of the body will be studied also in this subject.
Analytical component of movement with energy will also be added in this subject. Many
factors related to movement and sport also belong to content of this subject, such as
circulation, respiratory aspect, senescence in sport and sex influence in movement.

Endocrine System KUD 662

This subject encompasses mechanism of hormone in target cells, components of
hormone (steroid/non-steroid), receptor of hormone in cell surface, hormone synthesis,
control, and communication functions of hormones. It also contains hormones production
in many organs (hypothalamus, hypophysis, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal
gland, calcium regulating hormones, hormones related to glucose metabolism,
reproductive hormones, and pathology conditions related to hormones disorders (diabetes
mellitus, hipo/hyperthyroid diseases etc). Others topic in this subject are neuroendocrine
system, pregnancy hormones, prostaglandin effects in organs, luteolysis homeostasis,
hormones related to carcinogenesis, growth and development, neoplastic syndromes,
radioimmunoassay and enzyme-immunoassay and HCG metabolism..

Reproductive System KUD 663

This course comprehends reproductive neuroendocrine system, hormonal chemistry,
metabolism of reproductive hormones, ovarium and luteal body, testis function,
pheromone, sex determination, fertilization and implantation, pregnancy, fetus-placenta-
uterus, delivery and lactation and infertility.

Cardiovascular System KUD 664

This subject contains physiology of heart and systemic-pulmonal and lymphatic
vascular system. It also studies about cardiovascular embryology, cardiac
electrophysiology, mechanical aspects of heart and vascular system, hemodynamic
analysis in clinical and daily living aspects, cardiovascular responses to physiological
stressor and pathological changing. This subject also add the herbal medicine in
cardiovascular management.

Respiratory Systems KUD 665

This subject contains ventilation mechanism, gas exchange diffusion, gas transport,
respiratory regulation, respiratory insufficiency, extreme environment respiratory
mechanism, lung function test, pathophysiology of respiratory disorders, and basic
therapeutic of oxygen and hypoxic therapy.

Urinary System KUD 666

This course discusses the role of the urinary system in maintaining homeostasis,
integration of the urinary system with other systems (cardiovascular and respiratory). In the
Courses discussed the process of urine formation which includes glomerular filtration, GFR
regulation (glomerular filtration rate), tubular reabsorption mechanism, maximum
transport, counter current multiplier mechanism and counter current exchange and reflex
miksi. The course also discusses renal clearance, the role of hormone ADH (antidiuretic
hormone) in the regulation of osmolarity of body fluids, body fluid composition, acid-base
balance and pathophysiology of abnormalities in the urinary system (proteinuria,
glucosuria, urinary incontinence).

Digestive System KUD 667

In this subject discuss the function of digestion, liver and pancreas; a review of the
various mechanisms that occur in every function of the digestive system; a review of the
various mechanisms that occur in the liver and pancreas associated with each digestion.
Overview of the basics of metabolism, energy metabolism, various factors that affect
the metabolism of energy and the measurement of energy metabolism, the study of the
applied aspects of energy metabolism. This course also review about thermoregulation.
This course discusses the excretory organs and its processes, controlling water
excretion under various conditions, sweating mechanism, abnormal excretion
mechanisms. In this course we also discuss the rate of filtration, reabsorption and
secretion, clearance, maximum transport in the kidney, the notion of concentration and
dilution of urine, acid-base balance, abnormal organs of excretion and pathophysiology
as well as experiments on the kidneys.

Immune System and Integument KUD 668

This block will generally discuss about structure, organs involved, mechanisms,
regulation of the immune system and the integumentum system, as well as its interaction
with other systems and applications.
Related immune system will also discussed about the immunity cells and lymphoid
organs, the immune response includes humoral and cellular immunity, innate and
innocent / adaptive immunity, passive and active immunity. Immune response is further
discussed in relation with gender, life cycle, lifestyle and environment.
Related integumentum system will be discussed about the skin and its structure and
participating glands. Furthermore will be discussed about the application and
abnormalities of the integumentum system and its analysis.
Applied Physiology KUD 669
Applied physiology includes sport physiology, work physiology, and environmental
adaptation physiology. In this course we observe environmental conditions at various
levels and mechanisms of human adaptation to their environment. This subject also
analyze common response to commonly encountered environments such as heat, cold,
low or high barometer pressure and cooperation of various systems in adaptation
mechanisms.

Practical Session KUD 670

Introduction, discussion and skill training of instruments for general practical
session and experiments.

Major in Histology and Cell Biology

Advanced Cell and Molecular Biology KUD 650
This course includes discussion, article presentation, and practical sessions of
biology molecular basic technique in laboratory as a continuation of the cellular and
molecular biology course on the 1st semester.

Microtechnique KUD 651

This course reviews about ethics, work safety in laboratory and reagent preparation,
the making of histology preparation with both histochemistry and immunohistochemistry
staining, and observation and stereology analysis. This course includes lectures,
discussion, and practical sessions in laboratory. Students will also learn about basic
histology through this course.

Cell Culture and Cytogenetics KUD 652

In this course students will learn about cells and cytogenic culture methods and their
utility in health and medical field. This course also includes practical sessions in
laboratory.

Immunobiology KUD 653

This course is a continuation of basic immunology course of the previous semester.
Students will learn about clinical immunology topics, such as immune response failure,
allergy and hypersensitivity, autoimmune diseases, and immune system manipulation.
There is also discussion about laboratory technique using antigen-antibody reactions and
immune response examinations in vivo.

Neurobiology KUD 654

In this course the students will study about basic neurobiology on cellular and
molecular level in advance. This course focus on neurobiology development and
nerve regeneration.

Biology of Tumor KUD 655

This course reviews about basic tumor biology and several researches, specifically
diagnostic methods development, tumor prognosis and antitumor therapy researches in
Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Major in Molecular Medicine

Biotypermatics KUD 690
That history of pharmacogenetics & pharmacogenomics, definition, genotypes type,
and phenotype, polymorphism genes, human genetic difference, pharmacogenomic specific
phenomena, Phase 1 polymorphisms, phases 2 polymorphism enzyme biotransfomation.

Genetic Engineering KUD 691

Learning genetic techniques, basic techniques of cloning 1, cloning 2, PCR, RT-PCR,
real-time PCR, gene mutation, genetic engineering in enzymes, transformation and
transduction, gene selection system, cell type selection for mRNA isolation, expression
systems, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes, transgenic organisms.

Pharmacogenomic KUD 692

Learning the history of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, genomes and
phenotypes, genetic polymorphism, human gene differences, specific pharmacogenomic
phenomenon, phase 1 enzyme polymorphisms, type 2 biotransformation enzyme
polymorphisms.

Immunotherapy and Vaccinology KUD 693

Learning about immune therapy, vaccine science, types of vaccines, the application
of vaccines in the human body and endurance to various types of vaccines.

Molecular Epidemiology KUD 694

Learning about proteomics & metabolomics, bioinformatics, statistics test for
molecular epidemiology, practical work bioinformatics, practical work metabolomics.

Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy KUD 695

Learning about basic molecular diagnostics, molecular diagnosis of DNA level,
mRNA, and protein, abnormal molecular screening, basic molecular therapy,
transplantation, molecular therapy for cancer, molecular pharmacotherapy.

Molecular Toxicology KUD 697

After completing the course of the Molecular Toxicology, students can
understand the scope of molecular toxicology in relation to basic toxicology,
clinics, forensics, and the environment; explaining the terms poison and
poisoning, toxicodynamics, toxicocinetics, statistics and calculations in
toxicodynamics, toxicities and influencing factors, manifestation of toxic effects
and toxicity tests; the principles of poisoning therapy, non-specific supportive
therapy, and specific therapy, emesis, gastric lavage, adsorbent, antidote, forced
diuresis, dialysis and hemoperfusion; explains the mechanisms of action,
diagnosis and treatment of pesticide poisoning, food and drug poisoning, basic
material poisoning, intermediate and industrial products, pollutants, plant and
animal poisons.
Molecular Neurobiology KUD 698
Neurobiology or the study of the brain and all the neuronal functions of lately has evolved
into Neuropsychiatric and Neurobehavior (combining behavior and brain function). This
incorporation is based on the brain is the source of thought. Reactions that happened in the
brain, called Neurochemistry, Neuro-hormonal, Neuromechanical are the sources of
reaction that move our brain to think. Neuroscience is called the science of the brain,
because it studies the whole process of thinking, is the process of thinking itself related
knowledge, behavior, attitude (action) is the very wide scope.
Neuroscience also examines brain-related diseases in various forms. Some are caused
by infection, metabolic disorders (food for example), drug poisoning and there are also due
to the aging process (degenerative aging). In conclusion, Neuroscience is a science that
studies humans ranging from science, behavior, attitude, action / activity, and life to see the
environment.
Molecular Oncology and Hematology KUD 699
Learning about cancer research, molecular based cancer, tumor immunity, cancer
vaccination, molecular NPC mechanism, target biological NPC, diagnosis and
treatment of AML, and capita selecta.

Molecular Immunology and Clinical Infection KUD 610

A review of the human immune system is seen in terms of molecular and clinical
infections. Discusses the cells and molecules involved in protection, antigen, allergens,
nosocomial infections, clinical infection factors.

Molecular Aspects of Autoimmune Diseases & Hypersensitivity KUD 6911

This course studies the failure of an organism to recognize a part of itself as part of
itself, which makes the immune response against its own cells and tissues seen from the
molecular aspects, autotoxicus horror, immunological tolerance, alloimmunity, immune
responses that damage the body's own tissues, anaphylaxis, cytotoxic.

Molecular Aspects of Metabolic Disorder KUD 6912

This course discusses the causes of metabolic abnormalities, types of metabolic
abnormalities, genetic disorders, therapy seen from the molecular aspect.

Molecular Aspects of Degenerative Diseases KUD 6913

This course teaches about the discussion of diseases that accompany the aging
process in terms of molecular. Types of degenerative diseases, causes of degenerative
diseases, free radicals.

Developmental Biology KUD 6914

Courses that study the process of growth and development of organisms. Modern
development biologists study the genetic control of cell growth, cell differentiation and
morphogenesis, which is a process that gives rise to tissues, organs, and anatomy.

Nanomedicine KUD 6915

Is a nanotechnology application in the field of health, drug delivery method, therapy,
medical imaging, nanomedicine application development.

Major in Parasitology
Medical Protozoology KUD 670
The course discusses infectious parasitic protozoa and parasitosis in humans
(including zoonotics) both in biological terms (taxonomic identity, life cycle and its
influencing factors, and parasite-ecological relationship), and their medical facets
(incubation period, clinical spectrum, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis,
therapy, epidemiology, control, and prevention). New concepts are presented and
discussed extensively.

Medical Helminthology KUD 671

In this course, we will study infectious parasitic helminths and parasitosis in humans
(including zoonotics) both biologically (taxonomic identity, life cycle and its influencing
factors, and parasite-ecological relationships), and their medical facets (incubation period,
spectrum of clinical features, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapy,
epidemiology, control, and prevention). New concepts are presented and discussed
extensively.

Medical Entomology KUD 672

 The course discusses various arthroparasites that are important to humans in terms of
their biological aspects (taxonomic identity, life cycle and influencing factors, and the
relationship between antrhroparasites and their human host), and their medical facets
(clinical features, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapy, epidemiology,
control, and prevention). The course also discusses the important transient arthropod pests,
either as vectors of diseases, or as a probable cause of health problems in humans at some
point. New concepts are also presented and discussed extensively.

Immunoparasitology KUD 673

The course discusses various types of antigenic materials for the human body,
especially those derived from various types of parasites, and body defense factors (natural,
adaptive, and forming processes) to cope with these various antigens. Other discussed topics
are various immunologic processes and reactions in important parasitosis, including their
application for diagnosis, epidemiological research, the possibility of therapy and its
prevention.

Parasitosis Pathology KUD 674

In terms of clinical pathology, the course discusses about the results of laboratory
examination, analytical, diagnostic analysis and operational analysis), of important
parasitosis. Besides basic laboratory data: Hb, blood sedimentation rate, leukocyte count,
hemogram, etc., the course also discusses clinical pathological changes of the liver, kidney,
cerebrospinal fluid, and so on. Immunologic changes detected with appropriate immuno-
diagnostic methods will also be discussed.
In terms of anatomical pathology, the course discusses about the patho-biology of
parasitosis in humans comprehensively, including cell reaction to injury, inflammation,
immune defense mechanisms and immunological injury.

Epidemiological Parasitosis Research & Term Paper KUD 675

In the Subcourses of Epidemiological Research Parasitosis discusses various methods
of epidemiological research of various important parasitosis, which include the parasite,
host, and the environment including vectors. The focus is on amebiasis, malaria,
toxoplasmosis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, filariasis, schistosomiasis and taeniasis).
In Term Paper of Research Proposal subcourse, each student independently write a
literature review following the scientific writing guidelines (format, grammar, way of
organizing bibliography, etc.). Students will be supervised in preparing research proposal
for their thesis on II and I semesters V.

Molecular Parasitology & Laboratory Technique KUD 676

Molecular Parasitology discusses various molecular aspects of parasites that are
common in humans (protozoa such as amebiasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis,
trypanosomiasis, leismaniasis, etc., helmin such as filaria, taenia, human schistosome,
etc.) for diagnostic, epidemiological, therapeutic, and prevention purposes.
Laboratory Techniques of Parasitology discusses various advanced laboratorium
techniques to study various aspects of parasites in human. Molecular biology techniques
will be the particular interest of parasite molecular taxonomy studies, including various
immunodiagnosis techniques, drug resistance tests, xenodiagnosis, biotechnology, and
so on.