COLEGIO DE NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL BUEN CONSEJO Made by: Loren A. Peña E.

SOCIAL STUDIES
ANCIENT GREECE CIVILIZATION Checked by: Jorge Esclasans
FOURTH GRADE
Approved by:

Name: ___________________ Grade: _______________ Date: __________

ANCIENT GREECE CIVILIZATION

MAIN GOALS:

 Locate a Greece on a map world.

 Recognize the contributions of Greeks in nowadays society in areas
as sports, arts, architecture and theater.
 Reflect about the importance of the Athenian democracy.
1. Ancient Greece timeline

The history of Ancient Greece can be divided up into different periods. The
three main periods are the Archaic Period, the Classical Period, and the
Hellenistic Period. Here there are some facts about these three periods:

Greek Archaic Period (800 BC - 480 Greek Classical Period (480 BC -
BC 323 BC)

- 776 BC - The first Olympic Games takes place in -432 BC - The temple to Athena, the Parthenon, is
Olimpia. The games would take place every 4 years in completed in Athens on the Acropolis. Today this is the
honor of the Greek god Zeus most famous surviving building of Ancient Greece.

- 750 BC - Homer begins to write the Iliad and Odyssey. -431 BC - The wars between Sparta and Athens begin.
These epic poems become two of the most famous They are called the Peloponnesian Wars.
literary works in Greek literature

- 399 BC - The famous Greek philosopher Socrates was

- 600 BC - The first Greek coins are introduced.
killed.

- 508 BC - Democracy is introduced in Athens by

Cleisthenes. He establishes a constitution and is often -386 BC - Greek philosopher and student of Socrates,
called the "Father of Athenian Democracy". This is one Plato, founded the first institution of higher learning in
of the great accomplishments of the Greek culture. the western world. It's called the Academy.

Greek Hellenistic Period (323 BC - 146 BC)

-323 BC - The Hellenistic period begins when Alexander the Great dies. The Ancient Greek
civilization begins its decline and the Ancient Romans start to gain power.

- 146 BC - Rome conquers Greece making it part of the Roman Empire.

2. Location of the ancient Greece.

The ancient civilization of Greece was located

in southeastern Europe along the coast of the
Mediterranean Sea. The geography of the
region helped to shape the government and
culture of the Ancient Greeks. Geographical
formations including mountains, seas, and
islands formed natural barriers between the Greek city-states and
 forced the Greeks to settle along the coast.

3. Ancient Greece

The earliest Greek was a civilization thrived nearly 4,000 years ago. The term
“Ancient Greece” refers to the period of history that lasted from 750 BC (the
archaic period) to 146 BC (the Roman conquest). Ancient Greece is the culture
that provided the foundation for Western Civilization.

4. Greeks Society- How was structured?

The social class system of Ancient Greece was very similar to structures in other
cultures. There was a well-defined upper, middle, lower class, slave and women.

1.- Upper class: Citizens were free men who were born in Athens
and had an Athenian-born mother and an Athenian-born father. Only
men could be citizens. Citizens were expected to serve in
government positions, to vote and to perform military service.
Citizens
2.- Middlecould send
Class: their sons
Metics were to school and
foreigners owninproperty.
living Athens. They were expected to perform military
service, and they could send their sons to school. But they could not own property without
permission, and they could not vote or hold government positions. These people were usually
merchants or traders.
3.- Lowers
. class and slaves: The lower class was mostly free men who were once
slaves or very poor families. Slaves were men, women and children owned by others,
and could be bought and sold. They were often people captured in wars. Their jobs and
value depended on their education, skills, age and strength. Slaves could not vote, own
land, or make decisions about their owners, their work or location.

4.- Women: Women had no place outside of the home, whatever

group your husband or father was, women were not considered
5.-citizens
Government
and could not vote or own their own property.

5. - Ancient Greece: Government.

The Ancient Greeks were famous for their ideas and philosophies on
government and politics. It was in Greece, and particularly Athens, that
democracy was first conceived and used as a primary form of
government.
  Greek City-states: Ancient Greece was made up of city-states. A city-state
was a major city, each city-state was an independent unit; city-states made
their own laws, had their own coinage, and had their own way of doing
things. But, they all spoke Greek, they all believed in the same gods, and
they all shared a common history. Athens and Sparta were the two largest
city-states and they had many wars and battles.

There were three main forms of government used in Ancient Greece by various
city-states:

 Ruled by a king: Some city-states were ruled by a king. This type of

government is called a MONARCHY. The city-state of Corinth is an
example; Corinth was ruled by a king.

 Ruled by a small group: Some city-states were ruled by a small group of

people. This type of government is called an OLIGARCHY. The city-state of
Sparta was ruled by a small group of retired and highly respected warriors.

 Ruled by many: Athens experimented with direct DEMOCRACY or rule by

many. For about 100 years, every citizen in Athens could directly vote in the
assembly. This form of government continued until Athens was conquered
by Sparta.

 Athenian Democracy

Democracy in Ancient Greece was very direct, all

the citizens voted on all the laws. Rather than vote for representatives, like we do,
each citizen was expected to vote for every law. They had officials to run the
government, however, most of these officials were chosen by a lottery. So every
citizen had a chance, regardless of their popularity or wealth, to become an official.

The word "democracy" is derived from the

ancient Greek words “demos”, meaning
"people" and “kratos”, meaning "power";
meaning power of the people.

Bodies of Government

There were three main bodies of the government: the Assembly, the Council of
The Assembly included all
citizens who showed up to
vote. Everyone who was a
citizen could participate as
part of the assembly. The
assembly would decide on
new laws and important
decisions
500, and the Court.
The Court handled lawsuits
The Council oversaw much
and trials. The court had
of the day-to-day running of
large juries to help make
the government. The Council
decisions. For private
was determined by lottery. If
lawsuits the jury was at least
your name was chosen, then
201 people, for public
you would be on the council
lawsuits the jury was at least
for one year.
501 people.
  Who could vote? In order to vote, you had to be a citizen. However, not
everyone who lived in Athens was a citizen. Only men who had completed
their military training were counted as citizens.

6.- Ancient Greece: A typical Greek city and Greek daily life.

 Agora: The center of activity in any Greek city was

the agora. The agora was a large open area that
served as the marketplace and meeting place. The
citizens of the city would meet there to discuss
about politics, hear speeches and buy things.
 Acropolis: Large cities often had a hill or a high
point called acropolis, this area was use to defense
the city.
 Temples: There were temples to the gods situated around the agora and in
the Acropolis. Most cities had a single god called a patron god that the city
was dedicated to. For example: Athena the patron goddess of Athens.

The daily life of an ancient Greek was very similar to our lives today. Of course,
ancient Greeks did not have smart phones, computers, televisions, or electricity.
But they did live in highly organized cities, where they could go see a play or a
sporting event, or attend a number of different schools, or could join the army and
become a soldier.

 Greek men: In Ancient Greece, only free men were citizens.

Women, children and slaves were not citizens. Men were
responsible to get the crops grown and harvested, but
everyone in the family helped.

A husband's word was a law. A Woman could not leave her

home without her husband's permission. She could not even
visit a neighbor unless her husband allowed her to do so.

 Greek Women: In all Greek city-states, except for Sparta, women had not
freedom. They could not leave their house without their
husband's permission. They could not even visit a temple
without their husband's permission. Women were expected
to stay at home and manage the household. They were
basically prisoners in their own homes.

In Sparta, women´s life was so different, women were

 respected, they were educated, they could play sports, walk around the city
alone. They could run a business. They were trained warriors and had
attended military school outside the home.

 Greek houses: Men and women lived in different parts of the house. Greek
houses were built around an outdoor
courtyard. The courtyard was the center
of house activities. It usually had water
well. Around the courtyard were the
rooms of the house as the work room,
the storage and bedrooms. Most of the
time there was a room called andron
this room was used by the man of the
house and his male friends to talk about
business or play some games, women
had also their specially room called gynaikon.

 Education: In all the Greek city-states, except to Sparta, children were

trained in music, art, literature, science, math and politics.
Boys were taught at home until six years old. After high
school, they attended military school to be good warriors.
Girls were not allow to go to school, they were taught at
home.

Education in Sparta was different, the purpose of education in Sparta was

to produce and maintain a powerful army. Sparta boys started
military school when they were about six years old; everything
in the Spartan educational system was about war and
battle.

Spartan girls also learned to be warriors. Their school was

not as brutal, but all girls in ancient Sparta were taught to
kill. The Spartans believed that strong women produced strong babies.
 Ancient Greece Entertainment

One of the favorite forms of entertainment for the Ancient Greeks was the
theater. It began as part of a festival to the Greek god Dionysus, but
eventually became a major part of the Greek culture.

 Theater: Some of the theaters were quite large. Theaters were open-air
built in a semi-circle around the main stage, actors performed in the open
area at the center of the theater, which was called the orchestra.

The word "theater” comes

from the Greek word
“theatron”, which means “a
place for viewing”

Types of plays

Tragedy Comedy

Greek tragedies were very Comedies were more light-

serious plays with a moral hearted than tragedy. They
lesson. The usually told the told story of daily life and
story of a mythical hero. often made fun of Greek
celebrities and politicians.

Many plays were accompanied by music. Common

instruments were the lyre (a stringed instrument) and the
aulos (like a flute).

7. - Religion

The ancient Greeks worshiped their gods every day. The ancient Greeks built
many temples. They believed each temple should honor only one god. Women
could be priests. People went to the temples when they prayed but Greeks also
prayed at home in their courtyards.

The Greeks held festivals to honor their gods. First a festival, then a parade to
the temple, a sacrifice (an animal of the same sex as the god being worshiped) and
then a feast. They held sporting events, like the ancient Greek Olympics, to honor
their gods.
The ancient Greek mystical world was ruled by a group of powerful gods called the
Olympians; the 12 gods lived on top of the Mount Olympus. Those gods were:

Zeus Hera poseidon Demeter Athena

APOLLO Artemis Ares Aphrodite Hephaestus

s

dionysus
Hermes
 WORKSHEET Nº 1

Name: ___________________ Grade: _______________ Date: __________

1. - Read the sentences below and fill in the missing words from the word
bank.
Athens rights religious Olympia Sparta

1. The first Olympic Games were held in a Greek city

called_____________________.
2. The Olympic Games were part of a _________________ festival to honour
Zeus.
3. _____________ And ____________ were the two most important states in
Ancient Greece.
4. Women in Sparta, unlike the rest of Greece had_________________.

2. - Where is Greece?

a) Africa b) Europe c) America d) Asia

3. - Which of these was a famous Ancient Greece city?

a) Paris b) London c) Athens d) Rome

4. - Most of Ancient Greece was divided into these types of political regions:

a) Countries b) Provinces c) Tribes d) City-states e) Principalities

5. - What was the name of the wars between Sparta and Athens?

a) Spartathenian wars b) Persian wars c) Peloponnesian wars d) Marathon wars

6. - Who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey during the archaic period?

a) Homer b) Aristotle c) Sophocles d) Euripides e) Plato

7. - Which sea is located in the eastern coast of Greece?

a) Red sea b) Arabian sea c) Aegean sea d) Black sea

8. - In this type of government people make decisions.

a) Democracy b) Oligarchy c) Aristocracy d) Tyranny

9. - In the Ancient Greece, who were considered as “citizens”?

10. - How was structured the ancient Greek society?

11. - True or False.

 The main bodies of the Athenian democracy were: Assembly, council and
court. ______
 Women, children and slaves were considered as citizens. _______
 Greeks city-states the same laws and government._________
 The first Olympics games were held in Athens.__________
 Hellas is the name Greeks use for Greece._________

12. - Define the following words

 Democracy:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

 Monarchy:

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Word Search

Assembly, Corinth, Sparta, Greece, Classical, Athens, Hellenistic,

Democracy, Olympics, Wars, Peloponnesian

 WORKSHEET Nº 2

Name: ___________________ Grade: _______________ Date: __________

1. - Read the sentences below and fill in the missing words from the word
bank.
andron tragedy Sparta Agora comedy

1. It was the market and meeting place in any city-states

_____________________.
2. The educational system in _____________ was about wars and battles.

3. _____________ And ____________ were two types of plays.

4. The ______________ was a room reserved for the males of the house.

2. - Choose the correct answer.

1. - What was at the center of an ancient Greek house?

a) The kitchen b) the andron c) the dining room d) the courtyard.

2. - Which subject did greek boys study?

a) reading and writing b) debate and math c) musical instruments d) all the above

3. - What was the name of the building located on a hill in some city-states?

a) Theater b) acropolis c) sanctuary d) agora e) stadium

4.- What type of Greek play was serious with moral lesson?

a) tragedy b) comedy

5.- Greek theater began as a part of a festival to honor this god:

a) Zeus b) Athena c) Apollo d) Dionysus

6.- What was the name of the open area where actors performed their plays?

a) skene b) chorus c) orchestra d) thespis

7.- Who was the leader of the Greeks gods?

a) Hera b) Hades c) Zeus d) Apollo e) Athena

8. - How many gods ruled the mythical word of ancient Greece and where did
the live?

9- Write the differences between Athenian and Spartan educational system.

10. - True or False

 The lyre and the aulos were the instruments used in theaters ______
 The Spartans believed that strong women produced weak babies. ________
 The 12 gods lived on top of the Acropolis. _________
 Women could be priests. _________
 Women had an specially room called gynaikon. ________
RESSOURCES
www.historyforkids.net/ancient-greece.html
www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/Greece.html
www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_greece.php
www.ngkids.co.uk/history/10-facts-about-the-ancient-greeks
https://www.activityvillage.co.uk/ancient-greece