SDLC

Development of System
Objectives
 System Development
 SDLC
 System Analysis
 System Design
 System Implementation
System development
 System development is the process of defining ,
designing, testing and implementing new software
or a program.

 It is better to select a system development strategy

that fits into the firm’s information architecture and
strategic plan.
SDLC
 Also known as Software development life –cycle
 SDLC is based on the life cycle stages of natural
system –Birth , Growth , Maturity and decay.
 SDLC is composed of phases which are created by
system engineers and system developer.
 SDLC Aims to produce high quality systems that meets
organization requirements.
PROJECT DEFINITION

1.Questionnaire
SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2. Interviews
3. On site observation

1.Logical design
SYSTEM DESIGN
2.Physical design
3.Coding and Testing

1.System Conversion
IMPLEMENTATION
2.User Training

1.Maintenance
POST IMPLEMENTATION
2.Enhancment
System Development Stages(5)
 Project definition
 Recognition of need
 System analysis
 Data collection
 Structural analysis
 Feasibility study
 System design
 Conceptual design
 Physical design
 Program construction
 Testing
 Implementation
 User Training
 System conversion
 Post –Implementation
 Evaluation
 Maintenance
 Enhancement
 Project Definition
 This stage determines whether or not organisation has
a problem and whether or not the problem can be
solved by launching a new system.

 The need for new system leads to preliminary survey

to determine how problem can be solved.

 At this stage analyst is hired from outside the

organization.
 System Analysis
 At this stage , an analysis of the problems of existing
system is undertaken .
 For this purpose a detailed study of various operations
is performed , like-
Data is collected from files ,decision points
And transactions handled by the existing system.
 Tools which are used for analysis of system are as :-
 Questionnaires
 Interviews
 On site obervation.
Questionnaires
 A questionnaires is a formalized written schedule
containing different questions relevant to the system
being studied .
 A questionnaires can be directly administered by the
analyst himself and gets the questionnaire filled by
himself on the basis of information provided by the
respondent .
 Detailed questionnaire are quite useful for collecting
quantitative information.
Interviews
 Information can also be collected through the personal
Interviews .
 Interview is a formal, in depth conversation
conducted to gather information about the present
systems work and what modification is required in
them.
 Interviewer requires setting stage for interview by
explaining purpose of interview.
 Obtaining and recording information are the two main
purposes of interview.
On site observation
 It is the process of recognizing and noting people
,object and occurrence of events.
 The major objective of on site observation is to get as
close as possible to the system being studied .
 The analyist must answer the following questions
What kind of system ?
What does it do?
What is the history of system?
Structured analysis
 It is the graphics (flow chart)that presents the picture
of what is being specified and is conceptually easy to
understand.
 The process used in structured analysis is partitioned
so that a clear picture of progression from general to
specific in the system flow emerges.
Feasibility study
 It is the process of determining whether the system is
appropriate in the context of organizational resources
and constraints and meets the user requirements .
 At this stage system development team defines
problems and opportunity and establishes overall
objective of the system and also defines scope of
system.
 It covers economic feasibility ,technical feasibity and
operational feasibility.
 System Design
 System Design is the most creative and challenging
phase of system life cycle.
 System design describes how a chosen system will be
developed.
 It prepares blueprint of the system to be made.
 It includes the construction of program and program
testing
 Database design is also part of system Design phase.
Logical design
 Logical design also known as conceptual design lays
out the components of the system and their
relationship to each other as they appear to users
 It also contains input and output specifications, file
specification and processing specification.
 Input/output specifications describe the forms in
which data will be required and the forms in which
outputs will be presented to users
 Processing specifications describe the mode of data
processing.
Physical Design
 Physical design also known as detailed design ,
translates the logical design into specific technical
design for the new system

 It also includes details of output design , input design

,data storage design and processing design.
System Testing
 System testing is vital to the success of the system.
 It ensures that the system produces desired results .
 In system testing following aspects are tested-
 Online response : Online system must have a response
time that will not cause any hardship to users
 Volume : The system should be able to process volume of
data that would be normally required .
 Stress : The purpose of this testing is to see that system
does not malfunction under peak load.
 Recovery : This test appraise backup recovery .
Steps in system testing
 Program Testing :
A program represents the logical elements of a
system. For a program to work successfully , it must
compile and test data correctly .Program testing checks
two types of errors –syntax and logic errors.
 String testing : Various programs of system are
related to each other .Even if all the programs are
working well independently ,it is not necessary all will
work well jointly. Therefore in order to ensure that all
programs work well jointly string testing is carried out.
 System testing :
It is designed to uncover the weaknesses not traced in
earlier tests. It test the functioning of system as a whole
to determine whether the system is functioning the way
it is conceived initially.
 User acceptance test :
User –acceptance testing provides the final certification
that the system is ready for use in operational setting.
It is conducted to find whether the system is meeting the
requirements of all users of an organization.
 System Implementation
System implementation has different meanings ,ranging
from the conversion of a basic application to a complete
replacement of the existing system .Therefore ,the
activities involved in system implementation vary.
There are basically three types of implementation.
1. Implementation of a computer system to replace a
manual which requires acquisition of computer
hardware and software ,file conversion and user
training.

2. Implementation of a new computer system to replace

an existing one like mainframe to network of
microcomputers .

3. Implementation of a modified application to replace

an existing one using the same computer.
 Post Implementation
 A post implementation evaluation measures the
system performance against the predefined
performance.

 After a system is implemented and is in operation . It

requires maintenance on regular basis . When a system
is in operation ,modifications are made so that the
system continues to provide the needed support.
These modification are called system maintenance.
THANK YOU