AN INDUSTRY ORIENTED MINI PROJECT

ON
ALMA CONNECT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Submitted By
B.KARTHIK (15R91A1208)
J.DIVYA (15R91A1219)
S.MANASA (15R91A1247)
Under the guidance of
Mr.Y.SURESH BABU
Assistant Professor, Department of IT

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
(2015-2019)
TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Approved by A.I.C.T.E. Affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad)

Web: www.tkrec.ac.in

Certificate

We hereby declare that the work being presented in this report entitled " ALMA
CONNECT" is an authentic record of B.Karthik (15R91A1208), J.Divya
(15R91A1219), S.Manasa (15R91A1247) and it is work carried out under the
supervision of Mr.Y.SURESH BABU. The matter embodied in this project report
has not been submitted to any other University/ Institute for the award of any other
degree.
Department: This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates is
correct to the best of our knowledge.

INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT PRINCIPAL

(Mr.Y.Suresh babu) (Mr.J.Praveen kumar) (Dr.JBV Subramanyam)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without the mention of the people who made it possible and whose encouragement, guidance
has been a source of inspiration throughout the course of the project.

Our deep sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to Dr.JBV Subramanyam Principal, for
having provided the facilities to undertake and complete this project..

I am extremely grateful to Mr.J.Praveen Kumar Head of the Department, Department of

CSE for making sure that I am availed of resources and also for extending his support for me.

I am very much obliged and thankful to my Internal Guide, Assistant Professor Mr.Y.Suresh
Babu for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the
course of this project. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry
me a long way in the journey of life on which I am about to embark.

Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, brother, sister and friends for their constant
encouragement without which this completion this project would not be possible.

B.KARTHIK 15R91A1208
J.DIVYA 15R91A1219
S.MANASA 15R91A1247
ABSTRACT

This project is aimed at developing an Alumni, which is of importance to a college.

Anyone can know about any Alumni of that college but cannot add. This system maintains a
database to manage the student, faculty and alumni information .This system provides the
forum to convey the messages between the faculties, student, Alumni. Student, alumni, faculty
can upload a pic while registering into the system. Alumni can add their company requirements
which can be visible to the students. Faculty can add the college events details which can be
visible to the students. The admin can be able to know the faculty student, Alumni details. The
Alumni can see the faculty details. The faculty can know details of student and alumni. The
students can know the details of the alumni. Here registering into the system is not done by the
admin.
CONTENTS

Name of the topic Page no

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Scope
1.5 Applications
1.6 Limitations

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 2

3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT 10
3.1 Existing System
3.2 Disadvantages
3.3 Proposed System
3.4 Advantages

4. ANALYSIS 11
4.1 Modules and Their Functionalites

5. SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 13

6. SOFTWARE DESIGN 14
6.1 Data Flow Diagrams
6.2 Uml Diagrams
6.2.1 Class Diagram
 6.2.2 Interaction Diagram
6.2.3 Use Case Diagrams

6.3 Data Base Design

6.3.1 E-R Diagrams

7. CODING 28

8. TESTING 33
8.1 Types of testing

9. OUTPUT SCREENS 39

10. CONCLUSION 47

11. FURTHER ENHANCEMENTS 48

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY 49
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction
This project is aimed at developing an Alumini Data system, which is of importance to a
college. The alma connect is an Internet based application that can be accessed from anywhere.
Anyone can access the Search Engine to know about any Alumni of that college but cannot add.
Alumini can update the database only if they are from that college .This system can be used as an
application to manage the student and college information .Alumni are the former students of the
college.
1.2. Statement of the problem
Once a student graduates from the Institute, his/her professional life or carrer begins .The
main purpose of this project is to provide a platform for the students through which they can be
in contact with the administration the college and friends after passing out from the college.
1.3. Objectives
The objective of this application is to allow old and new students of a university or college to
communicate with each other .This allows student to know about each other and their current
activities.
1.4. Scope
Information regarding current students, prospective students and other users of the system
provide information about current and alumini students on academic and carrier prospective to
enable alumini to contact with the each other and to share the Information.
1.5. Applications
 Alumini helps institutes strategically build and manage their alumini network ,by
Facilitating
 With Alumini your alumini data can be centralized and combined with a host of Exciting
front-end members modules and time-saving, back-end administration tools.

1.6. Limitations
 The current system is not completely complete computerized and manual system in
entering student and staff data and handling it.
 There is no centralized database maintenance.
 The student cannot easily navigate through the database .

1
2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Java
Java is a programming language created by James Gosling from Sun Microsystems in 1991.
The first publicly available version of Java (Java 1.0) was released in 1995. Over time new
enhanced versions of Java have been released. The current version of Java is Java 1.7 which is
also known as Java 7.
Java Virtual machine
The Java virtual machine (JVM) is a software implementation of a computer that executes
programs like a real machine. The Java virtual machine is written specifically for a specific
operating system, e.g. for Linux a special implementation is required as well as for Windows.
Java programs are compiled by the Java compiler into so-called byte code. The Java virtual
machine interprets this byte code and executes the Java program.
Java Runtime Environment vs. Java Development Kit
Java comes in two flavours, the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) and the Java Development
Kit (JDK). The Java runtime environment (JRE) consists of the JVM and the Java class libraries
and contains the necessary functionality to start Java programs. The JDK contains in addition the
development tools necessary to create Java programs. The JDK consists therefore of a Java
compiler, the Java virtual machine, and the Java class libraries.
Characteristics of Java
The target of Java is to write a program once and then run this program on multiple operating
systems.
Java has the following properties:
 Platform independent: Java programs use the Java virtual machine as abstraction and do
not access the operating system directly. This makes Java programs highly portable.
 Object-orientated programming language: Except the primitive data types, all elements in
Java are objects.
 Strongly-typed programming language: Java is strongly-typed, e.g. the types of the used
variables must be pre-defined and conversion to other objects is relatively strict, e.g. must
be done in most cases by the programmer.

2
  Automatic memory management: Java manages the memory allocation and de-allocation
for creating new objects. The program does not have direct access to the memory. The so-
called garbage collector deletes automatically objects to which no active pointer exists.

JDBC
JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity, which is a standard Java API for database-
independent connectivity between the Java programming language and a wide range of
databases.
The JDBC library includes APIs for each of the tasks commonly associated with database usage:

 Making a connection to a database.

 Creating SQL or MySQL statements.

 Executing that SQL or MySQL queries in the database.

 Viewing & Modifying the resulting records.

All of these different executables are able to use a JDBC driver to access a database and take
advantage of the stored data .JDBC provides the same capabilities as ODBC, allowing Java
programs to contain database-independent code.

JDBC Architecture:

The JDBC API supports both two-tier and three-tier processing models for database access
but in general JDBC Architecture consists of two layers:

JDBC API: This provides the application-to-JDBC Manager connection.

JDBC Driver API: This supports the JDBC Manager-to-Driver Connection.

The JDBC API uses a driver manager and database-specific drivers to provide transparent
connectivity to heterogeneous databases .The JDBC driver manager ensures that the correct

3
driver is used to access each data source. The driver manager is capable of supporting multiple
concurrent drivers connected to multiple heterogeneous databases.

Following is the architectural diagram, which shows the location of the driver manager with
respect to the JDBC drivers and the Java application.

Common JDBC Components:

The JDBC API provides the following interfaces and classes:

 Driver Manager: This class manages a list of database drivers. Matches connection
requests from the java application with the proper database driver using communication
sub protocol. The first driver that recognizes a certain sub protocol under JDBC will be
used to establish a database Connection.

 Driver: This interface handles the communications with the database server. You will
interact directly with Driver objects very rarely. Instead, you use DriverManagerobjects,
which manages objects of this type. It also abstracts the details associated with working
with Driver objects

4
  Connection: This interface with all methods for contacting a database. The connection
object represents communication context, i.e., all communication with database is
through connection object only.

 Statement: You use objects created from this interface to submit the SQL statements to
the database. Some derived interfaces accept parameters in addition to executing stored
procedures.

 Result Set: These objects hold data retrieved from a database after you execute an SQL
query using Statement objects. It acts as an iterator to allow you to move through its data.

 SQL Exception: This class handles any errors that occur in a database application.

 JDBC Database Connections: After you've installed the appropriate driver, it's time to
establish a database connection using JDBC .The programming involved to establish a
JDBC connection is fairly simple. Here are these simple four steps:

 Import JDBC Packages: Add import statements to your Java program to import
required classes in your Java code.

Register JDBC Driver: You must register the driver in your program before you use it.
Registering the driver is the process by which the Oracle driver's class file is loaded into memory
so it can be utilized as an implementation of the JDBC interfaces .You need to do this registration
only once in your program. You can register a driver in one of two ways.

Approach (I) - Class.forName (): The most common approach to register a driver is to
use Java's Class.forName () method to dynamically load the driver's class file into memory,
which automatically registers it. This method is preferable because it allows you to make the
driver registration configurable and portable.

Apache Tomcat: Apache Tomcat is a web container developed at the Apache Software
Foundation (ASF). Tomcat implements the servlet and the Java Server Pages (JSP) specifications
from Sun Microsystems, providing an environment for Java code to run in cooperation with a

5
web server. It adds tools for configuration and management but can also be configured by editing
configuration files that are normally XML-formatted. Tomcat includes its own HTTP server
internally.
Environment: Tomcat is a web server that supports servlets and JSPs. The accompanying
Tomcat Jasper compiler compiles JSPs into servlets. The Tomcat servlet engine is often used in
combination with an Apache HTTP Server or other web servers. Tomcat can also function as an
independent web server. Earlier in its development, the perception existed that standalone
Tomcat was only suitable for development environments and other environments with minimal
requirements for speed and transaction handling.

Servlet:
The Java web server is Java Soft own web Server. The Java web server is just a part of a
larger framework, intended to provide you not just with a web server, but also with tools. To
build customized network servers for any Internet or Intranet client/server system. Servlets are to
a web server, how applets are to the browser.

About Servlets:
Servlets provide a Java-based solution used to address the problems currently associated with
doing server-side programming, including inextensible scripting solutions, platform-specific
APIs, and incomplete interfaces. Servlets are objects that conform to a specific interface that can
be plugged into a Java-based server. Servlets are to the server-side what applets are to the client-
side - object byte codes that can be dynamically loaded off the net. They differ from applets in
that they are faceless objects (without graphic or a GUI component).They serve as platform
independent, dynamically loadable, plug able helper byte code.
 They are faster and cleaner than CGI scripts.
 They use a standard API (the Servlet API).
 They provide all the advantages of Java (run on a variety of servers without needing to be
rewritten).

Features of Servlets:

 Servlets are persistent. Servlet are loaded only by the web server and can maintain
services between requests.
 Servlets are fast. Since Servlets only need to be loaded once, they offer much better

6
 performance over their CGI counterparts.
 Servlets are platform independent.
 Servlets are extensible. Java is a robust, object-oriented programming language, which
easily can be extended to suit your needs
 Servlets are secure.

JAVASCRIPT
Java Script is Netscape’s cross–platform, object-based scripting language for client server
application. JavaScript is mainly used as a client side scripting language. This means that
JavaScript code is written into an HTML page. When a user requests an HTML page with
JavaScript in it, the script is sent to the browser and it's up to the browser to do something with
it. JavaScript can be used in other contexts than a Web browser. Netscape created server-side
JavaScript as a CGI-language that can do roughly the same as Perl or ASP.Fortunately, most
browsers can handle JavaScript nowadays, but of course some browsers do not support some bits
of script.
Types of Java Script
 Navigator Java Script also called client-side Java Script.
 Live Wire Java Script also called server-side Java Script.
 Using Java Script, dynamic HTML pages can be created that process user input and
maintain persistent data using special objects, files and relational databases. Browser
interprets JavaScript statements embedded in an HTML page. Netscape Navigator 2.0
and Internet Explorer 3.0 versions and later recognize Java Script. Through JavaScript
Live Connect functionally, application can access Java and CORBA distributed-object
applications. Navigator 3.0 and later versions supports Live Connect.

Features of JavaScript (JS):

 Browser interprets JavaScript.
 JavaScript is object based and uses built-in, extensible objects and have no classes or
inheritance
 JavaScript is loosely typed language
 In JavaScript object reference are checked at runtime
 JavaScript is designed to supplement the capabilities of HTML with script that are

7
 capable of responding to web pages events. JSP has access to some extent of aspects of
the web browser window.
 JavaScript control browser and content but cannot draw graphics or perform networking.

Client side JavaScript features:

 Client–side JavaScript has expressly been developed for use in a web browser in
conjunction with HTML pages. This has certain consequences for security.
 JavaScript cannot read files from or write them to the file system on the computer. This
would be a clear security hazard.
 JavaScript cannot execute any other programs. This would also be unacceptable.
 JavaScript cannot establish any connection to whatever computer, except to download a
new HTML page or to send mail. This, too, would create unacceptable hazards.
 The Client-Side JavaScript also has the following features.
 Controls Document’s appearance and content.
 Control the browser.
 Interact with the HTML forms.
 Interact with the user.
 Read and write client state with cookies.

Server- Side JavaScript Features:

 Embedded in HTML page.
 Executed at the server.
 Pre-complied for faster response.
 Access to Server-side objects.
 Encapsulation of the request.

Java server page:

Jsp technology enables you to mix regular static html with dynamically generated content
from servlets. Separating the static html from the dynamic content provides a number of benefits
over servlets alone.
Why use JSP:
Jsp is easy to learn and allows developers to quickly produce wed sites and application in an
open and standard way. Jsp is based on java, an object-oriented language. Jsp offers a robust
platform for web development.
 Multi platform.

8
  Component reuse by using java beans and Ejb.
 Advantages if java.
 We can take one Jsp file and move it to another platform, web server or Jsp servlet
engine.

JSP Architecture
Jsp are built on top of sun’s servlet technology. Jsp is essentially an html page with special jsp
tags embedded. These jsp tags can contain java code. The jsp file extension is .jsp rather than
.htm or .html. The jsp engine parses the .jsp and creates a java servlet source file.
Steps required to JSP request:
 The user goes to a web site made using jsp. The user goes to a jsp page. The web browser
makes the request via the internet.
 The jsp request gets sent to the web server
 The servlet source code is compiled into a class
 The servlet is instantiated, calling the init and service methods
 Html from the servlet output is sent via the internet
 Html results are displayed on the user’s web browser.
 Servlets are server-side java programs that can be deployed on a web server.
 The servlet interface provides the basic frame work for coding servlets.
 Java Server Pages, SQL, HTML Forms and Databases.

3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Existing System:
Alumni are the former students of the college. Once a student graduates from the institute,
his/her professional life or career begins, and they may settle down in different parts of the

9
world. The existing system is not efficient enough to provide interactive information to the
student’s .There is no centralized database maintenance and accessing a particular student’s
record is not easy.

3.2 Disadvantages:
 Existing system is it sufficient enough to provide interactive information to the student.
 There is no database maintainence and accessing a particular student records is not easy.
 The motivation is taken by observing websites like nit.ac.in

3.3 Proposed System:

The Proposed system is a computerized system which is maintained at centralized databases and
makes it very easy to access and retrieve data from the database. If a student wants any record he
can easily search all the records. It provides multiple user accessibility and also has different user
priveleges.
.
3.4 Advantages:
 This system provides centralized database maintenance.
 This system provides easy access to the particular student’s account or his complete
details.
 This system provides student to easily navigate through the application for more
information in a most secure manner. It allows posting any events organised by institute.

4. ANALYSIS
MODULES:
Administrator
Student
Alumni

10
Faculty
Administrator:
The administrator is responsible for maintaining information of students. When a student
submits the registration form, administrator will complete the Verification process and, if
successful then, the student, the student details are added in to the database. The administrator
maintains the passwords of event manager and that of himself responsible for the accounts of all
students.
 Add new event details
 Add campus interviews details.

Student:
 Can register into system.
 Students can login into the system.
 Update the profile.
 Can search any registered student.
 Can see the events details.
 Students also can see the campus interview details.
 Can post queries in the forum.

Alumni:
 Can register into system.
 Alumni can login into the system.
 Update the profile.
 Can search any registered student.
 Can see the events details.
 Alumni also can see the campus interview details.
 Can post queries in the forum.

Faculty:
 Can perform following functions
 Responsible for the accounts of all students.
 Add new event details.
 Add campus interview details.

Functional Requirements:
Requirements, which are related to functional aspect of software fall into this category. They
define functions and functionality within and from the software system.

11
 EXAMPLE - Search option given to user to search from various invoices. User should be

able to mail any report to management.

Non-Functional Requirements:

Requirements, which are not related to functional aspect of software, fall into this category. They
are implicit or expected characteristics of software, which users make assumption of Non-
functional requirements include -

 Security

 Logging

 Storage

 Configuration

 Performance

 Cost

 Interoperability

 Flexibility

5. SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Operating System : Windows family
Technology : Java (1.7/1.8)
Web Technologies : Html, JavaScript, CSS.

12
Web Server : Tomcat 7/8
Server side Lang : J2EE
UML : Star UML

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Processer : Any Update Processer
Ram : Min 1 GB
Hard Disk : Min 100

13
6. SOFTWARE DESIGN

Introduction
Software design is a process to transform user requirements into some suitable form, which
helps the programmer in software coding and implementation.

Software design yields three levels of results

Architectural Design
The architectural design is the highest abstract version of the system. It identifies the
software as a system with many components interacting with each other. At this level, the
designers get the idea of proposed solution domain.

High-level Design
The high-level design breaks the ‘single entity-multiple component’ concept of architectural
design into less-abstracted view of sub-systems and modules and depicts their interaction with
each other. High-level design focuses on how the system along with all of its components can be
implemented in forms of modules. It recognizes modular structure of each sub-system and their
relation and interaction among each other.

Detailed Design
Detailed design deals with the implementation part of what is seen as a system and its sub-
systems in the previous two designs. It is more detailed towards modules and their
implementations. It defines logical structure of each module and their interfaces to communicate
with other modules.

14
DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS OF DATABASE
Data Flow Diagram
The DFD is also called as bubble chart. It is a simple graphical formalism that can be used
to represent a system in terms of input data to the system, various processing carried out on
this data, and the output data is generated by this system. The data flow diagram (DFD) is one
of the most important modelling tools. It is used to model the system components. These
components are the system process, the data used by the process, an external entity that
interacts with the system and the information flows in the system. DFD shows how the
information moves through the system and how it is modified by a series of transformations. It
is a graphical technique that depicts information flow and the transformations that are applied
as data moves from input to output. DFD is also known as bubble chart. A DFD may be used
to represent a system at any level of abstraction. DFD may be partitioned into levels that
represent increasing information flow.

15
UML DIAGRAMS
Class diagram: A class is a set of objects that share a common structure and common behaviour
(the same attributes, operations, relationships and semantics). A class is an abstraction of real-world
items.

There are 4 approaches for identifying classes:

a. Noun phrase approach:

Common class pattern approach.

b. Use case Driven Sequence or Collaboration approach.

16
Sequence diagram

A sequence diagram is a graphical view of a scenario that shows object interaction in a time-
based sequence what happens first, what happens next. Sequence diagrams establish the roles
of objects and help provide essential information to determine class responsibilities and
interfaces.

There are two main differences between sequence and collaboration diagrams: sequence
diagrams show time-based object interaction while collaboration diagrams show how objects
associate with each other. A sequence diagram has two dimensions: typically, vertical placement
represents time and horizontal placement represents different objects.

Object:

An object has state, behaviour, and identity. The structure and behaviour of similar objects are
defined in their common class. Each object in a diagram indicates some instance of a class. An
object that is not named is referred to as a class instance.

The object icon is similar to a class icon except that the name is underlined:

An object's concurrency is defined by the concurrency of its class.

Message:
A message is the communication carried between two objects that trigger an event. A
message carries information from the source focus of control to the destination focus of control.
The synchronization of message can be modified through the message specification

Link

A link should exist between two objects, including class utilities, only if there is a relationship
between their corresponding classes. The existence of a relationship between two classes
symbolizes a path of communication between instances of the classes: one object may send
messages to another. The link is depicted as a straight line between objects or objects and class
instances in a collaboration diagram. If an object links to itself, use the loop version of the icon
17
Admin:

system databse

: admin

1 : request for login page()

2 : provides login page()

3 : enter the username and passwrd()

4 : verifies the username and password()

5 : redirect the page()

6 : request for the alumni details()

7 : request for the alumni details()

8 : retrive the details()

9 : provides the details()

10 : request for the faculty details()

11 : request for the details()

12 : retrive the details()

13 : provides the details()

14 : request for the student details()

15 : request for the student details()

16 : retrive the details()

17 : provides the student details()

18 : request for logout()

18
Student:

database
system

: student

1 : request for registration page()

2 : provides the registration page()

3 : fills the form()

4 : validate()

5 : stores data in data base()

6 : redirect to login page()

7 : enter the username and password()

8 : verifies for username and password()

9 : redirect to the home page()

10 : request for view requirement page()
11 : request for the requirements()

12 : retrives the requirement details()

13 : provides the requirement details()

14 : request for alumni details()

15 : request for details()

16 : retrives the details()

17 : provides the details()

18 : request for discussion page()

19 : provides the discussion page()

20 : enter the mesage()

21 : stores the mesage in the database()

22 : request for events page()

23 : request for events page()

24 : retrives the details of event()

25 : provides the event details()

19
Alumini sequence diagram

database
system

: Alumni

1 : request for registration page()

2 : provides the registration page()

3 : fills the registration form()

4 : validates()

5 : stores in databse()

7 : redirected to login page() 6 : redirect to login page()

8 : enter the username and password()

9 : verifies the username and password()

10 : if data matches redirect to home page or redirect to login page()

11 : redirect to home page()

12 : request for discussion()

13 : provides the discussion page()

14 : enter the message()

15 : stores in database()

16 : request for the faculty page()

17 : request for faculty page()

18 : retrive the faculty details()

19 : provides the faculty details()

20 : request for the add requirement page()

21 : provides the requirement page()

22 : fills the requirement details()

23 : stores in database()

20
Faculty sequence diagram:

system database

: faculty
1 : request for the registration page()

2 : prov ides the registration page()

3 : f ills the details()

4 : v alidate()

5 : stores in database()

6 : redirect to login page()

7 : provides the login page()

8 : enters the username and password()

9 : v erify the username and password()

10 : if match redirect to the home page or redirect to the login page()

11 : redirect to the home page()

12 : request for the add events()

13 : prov ides the events page()

14 : fills the event page()

15 : stores in the event page()

16 : request for the alumni details()

17 : request for alumni details()

18 : retrive the alumni details()

19 : provides the alumni details()

20 : request for the student details()

21 : request for the studnet details()

22 : retriv e the details()

23 : provides the details()

24 : request f or the discussion page()

25 : provides the discussion page()

26 : f ills the discussion page()

27 : stores in the database()

28 : request for the events()

29 : request for the event details()

30 : retrive the event details()

31 : provides the ev ent details()

21
Use case diagram

Actor:

Actor represents the role a user plays with respect to the system. An actor interacts with, but has
no control over the use cases.

Graphical representation:

<<Actorname>>
Actor

An actor is someone or something that: Interacts with or uses the system.

 Provides input to and receives information from the system.

 Is external to the system and has no control over the use cases.

Actors are discovered by examining:

 Who directly uses the system?

 Who is responsible for maintaining the system?

 External hardware used by the system.

 Other systems that need to interact with the system.

Use cases provide a means to:

 capture system requirements

 communicate with the end users and domain experts test the system

22
Alumni

Student

23
Admin

Faculty

24
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

Activity diagram for the admin

25
 Activity diagram for the student

26
 Activity diagram for the alumni

Activity diagram for the faculty

27
An entity relationship model (E-R model) describes inter related things of interest in a specific
domain of knowledge. An E-R model is composite of entity types and specifies relationships that
can exist between instances of those entity types.
An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is a graphical representation of an information system that
shows the relationship between people, objects, places, concepts or events within that system. An
ERD is a data modelling technique that can help define business processes and can be used as the
foundation for a relational database. ER diagrams are related to data structure diagrams (DSDs),
which focus on the relationships of elements within entities instead of relationships between
entities themselves. ER diagrams also are often used in conjunction with data flow diagrams
(DFDs), which map out the flow of information for processes or system

7. CODING
28
Coding Sample:

The following example uses Class.forName( ) to register the Oracle driver:

try {

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");

catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {

System.out.println("Error: unable to load driver class!");

System.exit(1);

You can use getInstance() method to work around noncompliant JVMs, but then you'll have to
code for two extra Exceptions as follows:

try {

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance();

catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {

System.out.println("Error: unable to load driver class!");

System.exit(1);

catch(IllegalAccessException ex) {

System.out.println("Error: access problem while loading!");

System.exit(2);

catch(InstantiationException ex) {

29
System.out.println("Error: unable to instantiate driver!");

System.exit(3);

Approach (II) - DriverManager.registerDriver():

The second approach you can use to register a driver is to use the static
DriverManager.registerDriver() method. You should use the registerDriver() method if you are
using a non-JDK compliant JVM, such as the one provided by Microsoft.

The following example uses register Driver() to register the Oracle driver:

try {

Driver myDriver = new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver();

DriverManager.registerDriver(myDriver );

catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {

System.out.println("Error: unable to load driver class!");

System.exit(1);

Database URL Formulation:

After you've loaded the driver, you can establish a connection using
theDriverManager.getConnection() method. For easy reference, let me list the three ovrloaded
DriverManager.getConnection() methods:

GetConnection (String URL)

GetConnection (String URL, Properties prop)

GetConnection (String URL, String user, String password)

30
Here each form requires a database URL. A database URL is an address that points to your
database.Formulating a database URL is where most of the problems associated with establishing
a connection occur. Following table lists down popular JDBC driver names and database URL.

Create Connection Object:

Using a database URL with a username and password:

I listed down three forms of DriverManager.getConnection () method to create a connection

object. The most commonly used form of getConnection() requires you to pass a database URL,
a username, and a password:

Assuming you are using Oracle's thin driver, you'll specify a host:port:databaseName value for
the database portion of the URL.

If you have a host at TCP/IP address 192.0.0.1 with a host name of amrood, and your Oracle
listener is configured to listen on port 1521, and your database name is EMP, then complete
database URL would then be

jdbc:oracle:thin:@amrood:1521:EMP

Now you have to call getConnection() method with appropriate username and password to get a
Connection object as follows:

String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@amrood:1521:EMP";

31
String USER = "username";

String PASS = "password"

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASS);

Using only a database URL:

A second form of the DriverManager.getConnection( ) method requires only a database

URL:

DriverManager.getConnection (String urn);

However, in this case, the database URL includes the username and password and has the
following general form:

Jdbc:oracle: driver: username/password database

So the above connection can be created as follows:

String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:username/password@amrood:1521:EMP";

Connection Conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL);

Using a database URL and a Properties object:

A third form of the DriverManager.getConnection ( ) method requires a database URL and a

Properties object:

DriverManager.getConnection (String url, Properties info);

A Properties object holds a set of keyword-value pairs. It's used to pass driver properties to the
driver during a call to the getConnection() method.

To make the same connection made by the previous examples, use the following code:

importjava.util.*;

String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@amrood:1521:EMP";

Properties info = new Properties( );

32
info.put( "user", "username" );

info.put( "password","password");

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, info);

Closing JDBC connections:

At the end of your JDBC program, it is required explicitly close all the connections to the
database to end each database session. However, if you forget, Java's garbage collector will close
the connection when it cleans up stale objects. Relying on garbage collection, especially in
database programming, is very poor programming practice. You should make a habit of always
closing the connection with the close() method associated with connection object. To ensure that
a connection is closed, you could provide a finally block in your code. A finally block always
executes, regardless if an exception occurs or not.

To close above opened connection you should call close () method as follows : conn.close();

8. TESTING
33
Introduction:
Testing is the debugging program is one of the most critical aspects of the computer
programming triggers, without programming that works, the system would never produce an
output of which it was designed. Testing is best performed when user development is asked to
assist in identifying all errors and bugs. The sample data are used for testing. It is not quantity
but quality of the data used the matters of testing. Testing is aimed at ensuring that the system
was accurately an efficiently before live operation commands.
Testing objectives:
The main objective of testing is to uncover a host of errors, systematically and with minimum
effort and time. Stating formally, we can say, testing is a process of executing a program with
intent of finding an error.A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error.A
good test case is one that has probability of finding an error, if it exists.The test is inadequate to
detect possibly present errors. The software more or less confirms to the quality and reliable
standards.
Levels of Testing:
In order to uncover present in different phases we have the concept of levels of testing.

Basic levels of Testing:

Client needs acceptancetesting

Requirements System testing

Design integration testing

Code unit testing

Unit testing:

34
 In the unit testing we test each module individually and integrate with the overall system.
Unit testing focuses verification efforts on the smallest unit of software design in the module.
This is also known as module testing. The module of the system is tested separately. This testing
is carried out during programming stage itself. In the testing step each module is found to work
satisfactorily as regard to expected output from the module.

Each Module can be tested using the following two Strategies:

 Black Box Testing

 White Box Testing

BLACK BOX TESTING:

Black box testing is a software testing techniques in which functionality of the software
under test (SUT) is tested without looking at the internal code structure, implementation details
and knowledge of internal paths of the software. This type of testing is based entirely on the
software requirements and specifications. In Black Box Testing we just focus on inputs and
output of the software system without bothering about internal knowledge of the software
program.

Types of Black Box Testing: There are many types of Black Box Testing but following are the
prominent ones –

Functional testing – This black box testing type is related to functional requirements of a
system; it is done by software testers.

Non-functional testing – This type of black box testing is not related to testing of a specific
functionality, but non-functional requirements such as performance, scalability, usability.

35
Regression testing – Regression testing is done after code fixes , upgrades or any other system
maintenance to check the new code has not affected the existing code.

WHITE BOX TESTING:

White Box Testing is the testing of a software solution's internal coding and infrastructure. It
focuses primarily on strengthening security, the flow of inputs and outputs through the
application, and improving design and usability. White box testing is also known as clear, open,
structural, and glass box testing.

System testing:

Once the individual module testing is completed, modules are assembled and integrated to
perform as a system. The top down testing, which began from upper level to lower level module,
was carried out to check whether the entire system is performing satisfactorily.

There are three main kinds of System testing:

 Alpha Testing: This refers to the system testing that is carried out by the test team
with the Organization.
 Beta Testing: This refers to the system testing that is performed by a selected group
of friendly customers
 Acceptance Testing: This refers to the system testing that is performed by the
customer to determine whether or not to accept the delivery of the system.

Output testing:

After performance of the validation testing, the next step is output testing. The output displayed
or generated by the system under consideration is tested by asking the user about the format
required by system.

TEST CASES

Sno Field Input Expected Actual result Status

36
 1 Register Click the Redirect to Redirect to
register link if the the Passed
they are new registration registration
user page page
2 Login Enter login User User Passed
details if they redirects to redirects to
are already the user the user
existing user home page. home page.
and the admin Admin Admin
can login into redirects to redirects to
the system the admin the admin
directly page. page.

Test case for the home page

Sno Fiel Input Expected Actual Status

d result output
1 Email, Not entered Please fill Please Passed
password out this filed fill out
this
filed
2 Email, manasa@gmail.com Please fill Please Passed
password out this filed fill out
this
filed

Test case for the login page

Sno Field Input Expect Actual Status

ed output
result

37
 1 Username, Prasanna Please Please Passed
password, ,*****,*** fill out fill out
Confirm password, **, hyd, this this
address, urn , www.tcs.co filed filed
designation m, faculty
email

2 Username, Pl Please Please Passed

password, ,prasanna fill out fill out
Confirm password, @gmail.co this this
address, url,designation, m,*****,* filed filed
email ****,www.
tcs.com

Test case for registration page

Sno Field Input Expected Actual result Status

result
1 Add Click on add Requirement Requirements Passed
requirement requirement s page is page is
opened to opened to add
add
2 Discussion Click on the Discussion Discussion Passed
discussion module is module is
page opened to opened to
write the write the
message message
3 Add events Click on the Events Events Passed
add event if module is module is
they want to opened to opened to add
add events add events events
Test case for the alumni page

38
Sno Field Input Expected Actual result Status
result

1 Events Click on the Events is Events is Passed

events displayed displayed
2 requirements Click on the Requirement Requirements Passed
requirement s is is displayed
displayed

39
 9. OUTPUT SCREENS

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
10. CONCLUSION

47
This application is very feasible to the college .This system provides easy access to
the particular student’s account or his complete details. This system provides
student to easily navigate through the application for more information in a most
secure manner.

11. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

48
In order to easy the work and android app can also be built point. To add certain
social networking futures such as of LinkedIn. To involve companies to avail the
services of this platform.

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bernd. Allen, H Dutit –Object Oriented Software Engineering Using UML,

Patterns and Java, Second Editon.
C.J. Date – An Introduction to Database Management system.
Ivan Bayross, Sharanam Shah, CynthisBayross, Vaishali Shah – Java Server
Programming for Professionals.

49
Kevin Loney, George Kouch and the experts at TUSC – ORACLE 9i: The
Complete Reference.
James Jaweorski – Mastering Java Script and Jscript.
2 .Java script programming by Yehuda Shiran, mastering JAVA security.
Referred from the www.w3schools.com
Referred from the Wikipedia.com.
Referred from the www.nit.com.www.it.com.
Referred for the google database connection.
Referred from the www.iit.ac.in.
Reffered from the books html, java, css.

50