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1We prefer thus to call these two tenses instead of designating them as present
and perfect.
1 We use the edition of the Apostolical Fathers (except Justin Martyr) pub-
lished by Gebhardt, Harnack, and Zahn.
the optative occurs. The Gospel of Luke, however, has the optative
in eleven instances, as follows: She was troubled at the remark, and
&
was considering 7worawrd Et)i do-rao-wgs what this salutation
oarao,
was (i. 29). Here'EIy)is the optative of indirect discourse. rI'voLrwOLo
KaQ T ov, Let it be to me according to thy word, the optative
•lza
expressing a wish (ver. 38). They beckoned to his father, rd 'n'v
OEXOL KaXdEOOaLa 7-, what he would wish it (the child) to be called
(ver. 62). While the people were in expectation and all were con-
sidering in their minds p~ WorE a q y whether per-
ELz d xPo-ro'z6,
haps he was the Christ (iii. I6) ; optative of uncertainty. And they
conversed together about -t 8v wro'o-aEv 70i'Irho-oo,what they should
do to Jesus; optative of deliberation (vi. They asked him rt'
iI).
air E)t w rapapoX~, what this parable was; indirect discourse (viii.
9). There arose a dispute among them, rT 7tL Av EL7clEvlw aZrV(v,
who of them would be greater (ix. 46). And having called one of
the servants, he inquired r71Av ELtra3ra, what these things could (or
might) be (xv. 26). This is the reading of B; but R A omit the 'v,
which Tischendorf follows. Then the optative would be indirect dis-
course, and the rendering should be, What these things were. Tre-
gelles agrees with Westcott and Hort. He inquired, n' tr) roGro,
what this thing was (xviii. 36); indirect discourse. Having heard
(these things), they said, p Y&VOLro, let it not be so (xx. 16). And
they began to question each other, i- ri' 6pa Et i$ ai-&v, who then
it was of them (xxii. 23); indirect discourse.
In the Gospel according to John we do not find a single passage
in which the optative mode is used. This is presumptive proof that
its author was a Palestinian Jew.