LIQUID SOLUTION EXERCISE # 1

M  1000 33. T b = m × k b
14. m = d  1000  M  M of solute
w 10  1000
0.3 =  kb
M  1000 100  100
3 = k b = 0.3
1.110  M  40
3.33 – 120 M = M × 1000 M T  M 0 58.50  31.80
39. = M0 = = 0.8396 = 83.96%
3.33 = M(1120) 31.80
M = 2.97 40. 3A  A3
16. The concentration of solution (ppm) 1– /3
wt.of solute i = 1 –  + /3  = 100 %
5
=  10 6 =  10 6  5 ppm 1
wt.of solvent 10 6 1
= 1 – 1 + =
31. T b = m × k b 3 3
52. 5% solution means 100 mL solution contain 5
T b = 0.69 × 0.513°C
g cane sugar
T b = 0.69 × 0.513°C
0.877 % means 100 mL solution contain 0.877
T solut ion – T solvent = 0.359°C
g X isotonic solution C 1 = C 2
T solut ion – 99.725°C = 0.359°C
T solut ion = 100.0789°C 5 0.877
= M  100
32. T f = i × m × k f [NaCl = Na + + Cl – ] 342  100 W

T f = 2 × 1 × 1 × 1.86 i = 2 0.877
MW =  342 = 59.98
T f = 3.72 5
T solvent = T solut ion = 3.72 54. Osmotic pressure  Colligative properties
O° – T solution = 3.72 OP = iCRT
T solut ion = – 3.72°C AlCl 3 (i = 4), BaCl 2 (i = 3), Urea (i = 1)

LIQUID SOLUTION EXERCISE # 2

16. T b = k b m 0.15 = 0.512 × m
1000K b w 2 1000  0.52  0.6
1. T b = M w T b –T b° = m = 0.292 T f = K f m'
2 1 60  100
0.292
m' = m/2 T 1 –T 0 = 1.86 ×
T b –373 = 0.052 T b = 373.052 2

1000  K b  w 2 1000  2.53  2.5 T 1 = – 0.27°C

4. M2 = M2=
Tb w 1 1.38  34
28. Acetone = 10 gm water = 90 gm
1000 k f w 2 10 / 58
5. T f = mole % of acetone=  100 = 3.33%
M2w1 12 / 58  90 / 18

1000  6.8  1.2

M2 = M 2 = 194.2 g/mole 0.14
2.8  15 29. T f = K f m m = = 0.075 molal
1.86

1000 k b w 2 0.27  122  100 P  – PS

6. T b = i × i= loss in wt.of solvent
M2w1 1000  0.54  12.2 34. PS = ...(i)
loss in weight of solution

i = 0.5 i = 1 –  +
n P  – PS w 1 M 2

1 PS = M 1 w 2 ... (ii)
0.5 = 1 – 1 + n = 2
n
9. T b = i k b m x3y 2  3x +2 + 2y +3
from eq. (i) and (ii)
i = 1–  + 3 + 2 i = 0.75 + 1.25
i = 2 T 1 –T 0 = 2 × 1 × 0.52
0.04 5  18
T 1 = 373 + 1.04 T 1 = 374.04 
2.5 180  M 1
13. T b = k b m T 1 –T 0 = 0.573 × 0.1
T 1 = 373.0573 K M 1 = 31.25
 LIQUID SOLUTION EXERCISE # 4[A]
2. Given that,
mole of acetic acid ( )
P° = 640 mm, P s = 600 mm, w = 2.175 g, =
weight of water in kg (  kg 
)
W = 39.0 g, M = 78
P 0  Ps w M 3  10 3  10 3
  = = 0.10
Ps mW 500  0.997
60 
640  600 2.175  78 10 3
 
600 mW T = K f × molality (1 + )
 m = 65.25 T = 1.86 × 0.1 × 1.23 = 0.229
3. Given 11. T f = i K f m 0.062 = i × 1.86 × 0.01
1000  K 'f  w
T = i 1
mW i = 3.33  =
n 1
W = wt. of benzene = V × d = 50 × 0.879 g
3.33  1
1000  5.12  0.643    0.777
 0.48 = 4 1
m  50  0.879
T = 5.51 – 5.03 = 0.48 0.011  10 3
14. T b = i K b m 0.46 = i × 0.52 ×
 m = 156.06 0.1  261
w = 0.643 g, K f' = 5.12 K mol –1 kg
i 1
P 0  21.85 30  18 i = 2.098  =
5.  for I case......I n 1
21.85 90  m
2.098  1
No w Weight of solvent (   
)=90+18=108g    0.55
3 1
P 0  22.15 30  18 25. For 0.01 M solution,
 for II case.......II
22.15 108  m
 By eq. (i) P°m – 21.85 m = 21.85 × 6 = 131.1 1 V 1 = n 1 S 1 T 1 n 1 / V 1 = 0.01
By eq. (ii) P°m– 22.15 m = 22.15 × 5 = 110.75   1 =0.01× 0.0821× 300 T = 300 K
– + – = 0.2463 atm
 0.30 m = 20.35 For 0.001 M solution,
20.35 2 V 2 = n 2 ST 2 n 2 / V 2 = 0.001
 m =  67.83
0.30
On substituting in Eq. (i),   2 =0.001× 0.0821× 300 T = 300 K
= 0.02463 atm
P 0  21.85 30  18
 The movement of solvent particles occurs from
21.85 90  67.83
dilute to concentrate solution, i.e., 0.001 M to
 P 0 = 23.78 mm 0.01M solution. Thus, pressure should be applied
1000 K f W2 on concentrated solution, i.e., on 0.01 M
6. T f =
M 2 W1 solution to prevent osmosis.

,
1000  5.12  2
M2 = M 2 = 170.6 gm/mol 0.001 M  0.01 M 
0.6  100

, 0.01 M 
10. T = K f × molality × (1 + )


For acetic acid : CH3COOH   –
 CH3COO +H
+

Also, magnitude of external pressure (

1 0 0

)
1 –   
= 0.2463 – 0.0246 = 0.2217 atm pressure on
Given,  = 0.23 ; Also, molality ( 
)
0.01 M solution.
26. For initial solution,  By Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
500 V1 283 105.3 V1 1
  = atm , T = 283 K   
760 V2 298 500 V2 5
500  V2 = 5 V1
 V1  n  S  283 ... (i)
760 i.e., solution was diluted to 5 times. ( 
After dilution, let volume becomes V 2 and
5 
)
temperature is raised to 25°C, i.e, 298 K
i 1
(
V2 
25°C 2 8 .  = i cST  =
n 1

298 K 
)
i 1
0.46 = i = 2.84
105.3 5 1
 = atm
760  = 2.84 × 0.1 × 0.082 × 291
105.3  = 6.785 atm
 V2  n  S  298 ... (ii)
760

LIQUID SOLUTION EXERCISE # 4[B]

1. T b = iK b m
PM  400 0.525
0.15 = 3 × 0.5 × m  m = 0.1 = ... (iii)
Now, Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + 2NaCl  PbCl 2 + 2NaNO 3 400 (a  12)
0.1 0.2 from equation (i) and (iii) a = 9.9
- - 0.1 0.2 putting this in eq. (ii) k ((ii) 
Now, this solution contains two salts
2.303 10
(
) k) = log = 1.0 × 10 – 4
100 9.9
T f = K f × m 0.83 = 1.86 [2 × 0.2 + 3s]
where s is molar solubility of PbCl 2 . 4. Beaker A ( ) :-
(s, PbCl2  ) Mole fraction of urea (    
)
–3
s = 1.54 × 10 K sp = 4s = 1.46 × 10 – 5
3

2. T b = i × K b × m 12
60 0.2
(x  1)  0.52  0.25  1000 = =  = 0.025
5.93 × 10 –3 = 12 140.4 0.2  7.8
M  10 
60 18
(x  1) –4
= 4.56 × 10 ... (i)
M Beaker B ( ) :-
M
= 23x ... (ii) Mole fraction of glucose (   
) 
100
From equation (i) and (ii)
18
( (i)  (ii) ) x = 20.34  20 180
=  0.01
Formula of protein (  ) = H20P 1 8 178.2

M = 2300 × 20 – 20 × 23 + 23 = 45563 amu 180 18
3. A + B  A n + B Mole fraction of glucose is less so vapour pressure
P M = P A° X A + P B° X B above the glucose solution will be higher than the
Let a mole of A are left due to polymerization after pressure above urea solution, so some H 2O mol-
100 min. (
100 min.  ecules will transfer from glucose to urea side in order
A a 
.) to make the solutions of equal mole fraction to
 a   12  attain equilibrium. Let x mole of H 2O transfered
P M = 300    500   ... (i)
 12  a   12  a  (
k =
2.303
log
10
... (ii) 
100 a
after 100 minute solute is added & final vapour 
pressure is 400 mm Hg i.e. P s = 400 
H2O 
(100 
x 
H2O
 
400 mm Hg  
P s = 400 ) 
)
 7. C 2 H 5 OH  V 1 = 20 mL, d 1 = 0.7893 g/mL
0.2 0.1
=  x = 4 m 1 = 15.786 g
0.2  7.8  x 0.1  9.9  x
H 2 O  V 2 = 40 mL, d 2 = 0.9971 g/mL
now mass of glucose solution ( 
m 2 = 39.884 g
 
) = 196.2 – 18 × 4 = 124.2
Total mass = 55.65 g
18 d sol. = 0.9571 g/mL
wt. % of glucose (
%) =  100
124.2 V sol. = 58.14 mL
 14.49 % 60 – 58.14
5. Let nB mole of B present in 1 mole of mixture that % change = × 100 = 3.1 %
60
has been vaporized.
15.766  1000
(
1 
B nB
 m = = 8.6
46  39.884

)
8. P T = P A°X A + P B°X B = P A°X A + P B° (1 – X A )
Thus, Y B = n B
P T = P B° + X A (P A° – P B°)
X B =1 – n B
PA  A PA  A
YA = = 
P = P A° X A + P B ° X B = P A° + X B (P B ° – P A° ) PT PB  X A (PA  PB )

P  PA 0.4X A
XB = = 1 – nB ...(i) 0.4 =
PB  PA 1.2 – 0.8X A

PB X B P  (1  n B ) 1.2 = 1.8 × A

YB =   n B = B
P P 2
XA =
n BP = P B° – n BP B ° 3
1
PB so XB =
3
nB = ...(ii)
PB  P
2 1 2
from equation (i) and (ii) P T = 0.4 × + 1.2 × = = 0.66 atm
3 3 3
PB P  P P P  P 0.5
1 – 
=  A   =  A 9. = 3.75 × 10 –3  M = 133.33
P P
B PB  PA PB  P PB  PA M

on solving 1.86  1.5  1000

0.165 = (1 + ) ×
133.33  150
P = PA PB = 100  900  300 mm Hg
1 +  = 1.1827
Tf k f 0.6  31.8  = 0.1827 = 18.27%
6. (a) = k = T f = = 3.793°C
Tb b 5.03 78
10. VB = × 2750 mL = 244.583 L
0.877
(b) Relative lowering of vapour pressure =
92
3 VT = × 7720 mL = 819.192 L
0.867
n 251.5
= = 0.018 1  0.0821  293  760
n N 3 100
 PB = = 74.74 torr
244.583
(c)  = CRT251.5 154

3 1  0.0821  293  760

n = = 0.012 PT = = 22.317
251.5 819.192

103 46 = 74.74 X B + 23.317 (1 – X B )

v = = 62.8 mL
1.64 52.423X B = 23.683
0.012 X B = 0.451
 = × 0.0821 × 298 = 4.65 atm
0.0628
PB  X B 74.74  0.451
5.03  3  1000 YB = = = 0.732
(d) 0.6 =  M W = 251.5 PT 46
M W  100
  0.84 w2
11. i = 1 – = 1 – = 0.48 = 3.971
2 2 w1
0.48  2.3  0.61  1000 w 2  w1
T b = = 0.1104 = 4.971
122  50 w1
T b = 46.2 + 0.1104 = 46.31°C w1
1 w 2  w 1 × 100 = 20.11%
12. P A° = 100, P B ° = 300, X A = X B = d ln P H
2 16. = ...(i)
P T = 200 dT RT 2
1 313.7
100  logP = 3.54595 – + 1.40655 log T
YA = 2 =1 T
200 4 313.7
lnP=3.54595× 2.303– × 2.303+1.40655lnT
1 3 T
On condensation XA = , XB =
4 4 d ln P 313.7  2.303 1.40655
= + ...(ii)
1 3 dT T2 T
P T = 100 × + 300 × = 250 Compairing equation (i) & (ii)
4 4
25 H = R[313.7 × 2.303 + 1.40655 T]
YA = = 0.1 at T = 80 K
250
on further condensation H = 1659.9 Cal.
X A = 0.1 1 7 . P s = 20 P° = 20.0126
13. CH 3 OH  V 1 = 30 mL, d 1 = 0.798 g/mL 0.0126
P   Ps
= =
n ~ n
m 1 = 23.94 g P 20 n N N
H 2 O  V 2 = 70 mL, d 2 = 0.9984 g/mL moles of solute
m 2 = 69.888 g moles of H 2 O = 0.0063
m T = 93.828 g 1 mole H 2 O = 18 g = 18 mL
d solution = 0.9575 g/mL 18 mL solution = 0.00063 mole
V solution = 98 mL 0.00063
1L solution =  1000 = 0.35 mole/L
1.86  23.94  1000 18
T f = = 19.91
32  69.888 Let solubility of salt A 3B 4 is s then
T f = –19.91°C 7s = 0.035
s = 0.005 mole/L
23.94
M = = 7.63 M k sp = 3 3 . 4 4 (s) 7 = 27 × 256 × (0.005) 7
32  0.98
k sp = 5.4 × 10 – 1 3
14. P = 179X B + 92
1 8 . At 20°C :
P B° = 271, P T° = 92
936 736 78
nB = = 12, n T = 8 For C 6 H 6  V =  2750 mL
78 92 0.877

12 PV = 1 × 0.0821 × 293
XB = = 0.6 X T = 0.4 P = 74.74 mm Hg
20
It vapour pressure of benzene at 27°C is P 1 then
P T = 271 × 0.6 + 92 × 0.4 = 199.4
271  0.6 P1 H V  1  1 
YB = = 0.815 ln   
199.4 P R  T T1 
Y T = 0.185
On further condensation P1 394.57  78  1 1 
X B = 0.815, X T = 0.185 ln
74.74
=
8.314  293  300 

PT = 271 × 0.815 + 92 × 0.185 = 237.844 P 1 = 100.364 mmHg

271  0.815 P  – Ps 1000
YB = = 0.9286 m = ×
237.844 Ps M solvent
15. For two immiscible liquids 100.364 – 98.88 1000
m = × = 0.1924
w1 P M 3.6  123 98.88 78
= 1 1 = = 0.2518 T f = k f × m = 5.12 × 0.1924 = 0.985°C
w2 P2 M 2 97.7  18
Tf = 278.5 – 0.985 = 277.51°C
19. Initial moles of H 2 O = 0.9 8.314  (278.4)2  78
22. kf = = 5
T f = 6 kJ 1000  10042

RTf2 M 8.314  (273) 2  18 0.02  1000

kf = = = 1.86 m = = 0.2614
1000 H f 1000  6000 0.98  78

T f = k f × m T f = i × k f × m


2 i = 1 – = 0.7643
m = = 1.075 2
1.86
 = 0.4713
so in 1000 g H 2O  1.075 mole solute
2A 

 A2
1.075
in 1 g H 2O  mole solute
1000 C
1.075 C–C C/2
in 0.9 × 18 g H2O  × 0.9 × 18 mole solute
1000
C / 2 
mole of solute (n) = 0.0174.15 k = 2 =
(C  C  ) 2C(1  ) 2

P   Ps n 760  700
 = = 0.0857 0.4713
Ps N 0.0851 k = = 3.225
2  0.2614(1  0.4713)2

0.017415
moles of H 2 O (N) = = 0.2032 23. P T = 1.5  [T + ] = 0.0316 = C .......(i)
0.0857
0.372 = 1.86 × C (1 + )
moles of Ice separate out = 0.9 – 0.2032 = 0.6968
C + C = 0.2 ......(ii)
mass of Ice separate out = 0.6968 × 18 = 12.54g
20. T f = (1 + ) k f × m from equation (i) & (ii)
0.21 = (1 + ) × 1.86 × 0.109 C = 0.1684,  = 0.1876
1 +  = 1.0358
 = 0.0358 C  2 0.1684(0.1876) 2
ka = = = 7.3 × 10 – 3
1 (1  0.1876 )
C  2 0.109(0.0358) 2
ka = = = 1.44 × 10 – 4
1 1  0.0358 In 600 mL solution [TF]=C–C=0.1368 mole/L

21. NH 4ClNH 4++Cl –, NH 4++H 2O NH 4OH+ H + so moles = 0.1368 × 0.6 = 0.08208
C C
C–C     C    C  C–Ch Ch Ch 0.08208
moles left after 24.8 years = = 0.02052
4
C  C   C + C   C h  C h  C h
i =
C moles disinitegrated
= (1 +  + h) = 0.08208 – 0.02052 = 0.06156
T f = i × k f × m moles of -particle emittted = 0.06156

(1    h)  1.86  10 No. of -particle emittted= 0.06156 × 6.023 × 1023

0.637 =
53.5
= 3.7 × 10 2 2
1 +  + h = 1.832 &
since  = 0.75, h = 0.109