Development Of Solar And Wind Hybrid tree

Name- Krunal Patel

Research Title: Development of hybrid system
for small household application for solar PV &
Wind tree.
Guide: Dr. A. Mahesh.
Subject: Work Progress Report:

1. INTRODUCTION:

The Power Demand in our country is increased so that there is a consistent power cut
in rural areas. This is because of high power consumption by factories and also due to
less availability of non renewable energy resources. So it is a known fact that the
application of hybrid energy system to generate power at economic, quick, reliable
answer to rural household’s need for power.
a new product called, ‘solar tree’ has been designed to increase the power output by
many folds by consuming solar energy. It can be installed on the sides of heavy traffic
roadways and on roof top buildings. The tree consists of numerous solar panels
connected to one another in series and parallel connections. The solar tree consists of
number of branches welded to a stem and each stem has a solar panel mounted on it.

The wind speed is varying both day and night the produces electricity through horizontal
axis wind turbine. The hybrid controller has been selected for the rated power output of
proposed system. In this study, the power generation through solar PV and vertical wind
turbine hybrid tree.

Electricity is most needed for our day to day life. Electricity is the important factor for
industrialization, urbanization, financial growth of any country. There are different types
of conventional and non conventional energy sources used to generate electricity. Solar
and wind energy system is one of the most prominent sources of energy. Solar and
wind energy system works normally in stand alone or grid connected mode.
Nowadays electrical energy is generated by the conventional energy resources like
coal, diesel, and nuclear etc. The main drawback of these sources is that it produces
waste like ash in coal power plant, nuclear waste in nuclear power plant and taking care
of this wastage is very costly. And it also damages the nature. The nuclear waste is very
harmful to human being also. The conventional energy resources are depleting day by
day. Soon it will be completely vanishes from the earth so we have to find another way
to generate electricity. The new source should be reliable, pollution free and
economical.
The non-conventional energy resources should be good alternative energy resources
for the conventional energy resources. There are many non-conventional energy
resources like geothermal, tidal, wind; solar etc. the tidal energy has drawbacks like it
can only implemented on sea shores. While geothermal energy needs very lager step to
extract heat from earth. Solar and wind are easily available in all condition. The non-
conventional energy resources like solar, wind can be good alternative source. Solar
energy has drawback that it could not produce electrical energy in rainy and cloudy
season so we need to overcome this drawback we can two energy resources so that
any one of source fails other source will keep generating the electricity. And in good
weather condition we can use both sources combine.

2. WIND ENERGY:

If the efficiency of a wind turbine is increased, then more power can be generated thus
decreasing the need for expensive power generators that cause pollution. This would
also reduce the cost of power for the common people. The wind is literally there for
the taking and doesn't cost any money. Power can be generated and stored by a wind
turbine with little or no pollution. If the efficiency of the common wind turbine is improved
and widespread, the common people can cut back on their power costs immensely. The
types of wind turbines are Horizontal axis wind turbine, Vertical axis wind turbine. The
vertical axis wind turbines are purely operates based on the drag force. But in horizontal
axis wind turbines, lift and drag forces plays the roles to operate the wind turbines. The
vertical axis wind turbines have less efficiency than horizontal axis wind turbines. But it
has high maintenance cost and investment cost. To overcome these issues the vertical
axis wind turbines are the best choice for wind energy generation at low cost.

3. SOLAR ENERGY:

“Photovoltaic” is a marriage of two words: “photo”, meaning light, and “voltaic”, meaning
electricity. Photovoltaic technology, the scientific term used to describe what we use to
convert solar energy into electricity, generates electricity from light. We use a semi-
conductor material which can be adapted to release electrons, the negatively charged
particles that form the basis of electricity. The various types of PV Panels are single,
poly, thin film amporous silicon panels.

4. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM:

Hybrid energy system is the combination of two energy sources for giving power to the
load. In other word it can defined as “Energy system which is fabricated or designed to
extract power by using two energy sources is called as the hybrid energy system.”
Hybrid energy system has good reliability, efficiency, less emission, and lower cost. In
this proposed system solar and wind power is used for generating power. Solar and
wind has many advantages Than any other non-conventional energy sources. Both the
energy sources have greater availability in all areas. It needs lower cost. There is no
need to find special location to install this system.

Fig.: Block Diagram of hybrid system:

 2: Geographical location of proposed study area
Location: Aribas Campus, Anand
Latitude: 22.55’ N
Longitude: 72.96’ E
Altitude: 58 m
Wind velocity: 5 ( Avrg)

3. Climate and weather condition of proposed study area

Month Jan fab Mar April may Jun july Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

High Temp: 28’C 32’C 36’C 40’C 42’C 39’C 34’C 33’C 34’C 36’C 33’C 30’C

Low Temp: 12’C 15’C 19’C 24’C 27’C 28’C 26’C 25’C 25’C 22’C 17’C 14’C

Mean Temp: 20’C 23’C 28’C 32’C 35’C 33’C 30’C 29’C 30’C 29’C 25’C 22’C

Precipitation: 0.1 MM 0.1 mm 5.1 mm 4.1 mm 1.7 mm 34.7 190.9 178.1 92.4 mm 10 mm 10 mm 3 mm
mm mm mm

Humidity: 50% 43% 34% 35% 42 % 58% 76 % 79 % 74 % 55 % 52 % 51 %

Dew Point: 9’C 10’C 10’C 14’C 19’C 23’C 25’C 25’C 24’C 19’C 14’C 11’C

Wind: 8 Km/h 7 Km/h 7 Km/h 9 Km/h 13 Km/h 14Km/h 12Km/h 10Km/h 8Km/h 5Km/h 6Km/h 7Km/h

Pressure: 1016mbar 1013 1011 1008 1005 1001 1001 1003 1006 1010 1013 1014

mbar mbar mbar mbar mbar mbar mbar mbar mbar mbar mbar

Visibility 4 km 4 km 4 km 4 km 5 km 4 km 4km 4 km 4 km 4 km 4 km 4 km
 4. Literature Survey

[1] Monish Gupta (2015) analyzed that Solar tree panel’s generate 20%
more Energy than simple flat solar panel made up of solar cells. As its area
is more and due to its tree like arrangements of solar panel it collects sun
raise 2.5 hours more than simple solar panel arrangement therefore its
solar radiations time reduces and electricity generation is increase up to
50% as it uses nano solar wires.

[2] Dipak M.Patil (2016) observed that the daily average consumption of
small indian family is about 3.5 kW so it can be easily so it can be easily
generated by power grid system of Solar tree. The cost of solar tree and
simple PV model is near about same. We can also reduce the cost of solar
tree by making its design simple and innovative. The same design can be
moves to different location for higher energy consumption.

[3] A P R Srinivas (2016) studied that a simple solar panel mounted on a

pole has lower efficiency than number of solar panels installed on same
pole having tree like structure. The roof top solar systems can be replaced
by solar tree and the roof top space can be utilized for recreation purposes.
so this solar tree reduces the space requirement and produces more
output.

[4] C. Bhuvaneswari, R. Rajeswari: He was publish the paper that is

Idea to Design a Solar Tree Using Nano wire Solar Cells in International
Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 12,
December 20131 ISSN 2250-3153,To introduces a new solar technology
that emulates how trees convert sunlight into energy. Trees, shrubs and
plants use an inherent structural design to expose their leaves, height
dense to sunlight for photosynthesis. They do this determines their survival.
Based on this we describe the coconut tree growing u to 30m(98 feet) tall,
with pinnate leaves 4-6m(1320feet) long to design a solar tree. Pinnate
refers to a leaf resembling like a feather having the leaflets on each side of
a common axis. It can be either even or odd. By this structured pattern that
leaves follow to arrange themselves on a tree. With this arrangement we
introduce a new idea to design a solar tree using nano wire solar cell. Nano
particles exhibit a number of special properties relative to bulk material. A
single Nano wire concentrates the sunlight up to 15 times of the normal
sunlight intensity. The solar new technology presented in this paper will
provides nearly high efficiency. The number of papers and patents
published in this area has grown up exponentially over the last 10 years.
However at the present, research efforts have largely focused on solar
trees. Nanowire can concentrate the sunlight up to 15 times of the normal
sunlight intensity and hence the surprising results have the potential for
developing a new kind of highly efficient solar cell. This can be used to give
a higher concentration efficiency of the sun’s energy.

[5] Deepak M. Patil, Santosh R. Madiwal: He was publish the paper that
is Design and Development of Solar Tree For Domestic Applications in
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology,
August 2016 ISSN: 2277-9655, he work Flat or roof top mountings of PV
systems require large area or land. Scarcity of land is greatest problem in
cities and even in villages in India. Solar Power Tree provides better
alternative to flat mounting of PV systems. For domestic lighting and other
applications use of Solar Tree is more relevant when PV system is to be
used. In this article load or energy requirement of small house in India is
estimated to 1.75 kW hr/day. All the calculations are done considering solar
radiation data at Kolhapur, Maharashtra (16.760). The solar tree concept is
very successful to fulfill the increasing energy demand of the people,
saving of land, and should be implemented in India to provide electricity
without the problem of power cut-off and reduce the dependence on grid
power. Daily average energy requirement of the small Indian family is
calculated about 3.5 kW. Such systems can be mounted on the terrace, in
front of the house or near the wall avoiding shading areas. The initial
investment cost of the solar tree is also equal to same capacity PV systems
as other system components are similar.

[6] Dr. Suwarna Torgal: She is publishing the paper that is Concept of
Solar Power Tree in International Advanced Research Journal in Science,
Engineering and Technology Vol. 3, Issue 4, April 2016. Demand for
energy is increasing with each period, to fulfill the required demand we
must have to concentrate on utilizing non-conventional sources of energy.
Energy from the Sun is the best alternatives among the renewable energy
sources. . It is free, inexhaustible, nonpolluting, eco-friendly and continuous
source of energy. The paper detailed Solar Power Tree that generate large
amount of energy by capturing very small land area throughout the year.
Silicon-crystalline Photo-Voltaic (SPV) mounted on tall pole which direct
convert solar energy in to electrical energy by means of the photo voltaic
effect. In the world, oil is running out and it is estimated that 80% of the
world’s supply will be consumed in our lifetimes. Coal supplies appear to be
very large but this stock is also stock out if rapidly uses. Nuclear power
having a dangerous aspect. Thus unconventional energy sources such as
geothermal, ocean tides, wind and sun is best option to meet future energy
requirements. Cultivable land is the greatest crisis of the earth rather it is
already a burning crisis in major countries, the cultivable land is god of the
farmers, if used for other than agriculture, it will be unpredictable loss to the
society. Therefore Solar Power Tree is very efficient to capture large
amount of solar energy by utilizing a very small surface area of valuable
land.

6. Referred Research paper during literature survey

NO. Research Paper Title:

A REVIEW ON SOLAR TREE

1.
1.Manish Dhone, 2.Kishor Sonwane, 3. Denis Farkase, 4. Jayantsingh Baghel,Mechanical
Engineering Department, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra,
India

Design and Development of a SOLAR TREE

2.
Mr A P R Srinivas, Asst Professor, Mechanical Engineering department, Manavrachna
International University, delhi-surajkund road, aravalli hills, sector 43,Faridabad,INDIA.
sprayyagari@gmail.com
3. Concept of Solar Power Tree

Dr. Suwarna Torgal1 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, IET,

DAVV, Indore1

4. Design of Solar Tree and its Application in Rural and Urban Households in
India

Devesh Sinha1 Alok Verma2

1,2M. Tech. Student
1,2Department of Electronic Design & Technology
1,2NIELIT, Gorakhpur, India

Implementation of the Project “Solar tree” in Sarajevo

5.
V. Avdic, A. Muminovic, N. Pervan, P. Tasic, S. Zecevic
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

6. Solar Tree: A Source of Energy- A Review

Swastik S. Awaze1, Kuldeep Bhamburkar2, Ajay Babare3 , Ashish Asode4, Prof. S. P.

Bargat5
1,2,3,4 UG Students, mechanical Engineering, DES’sCOET, Dhamangaon Rly, Maharashtra
(India)
5Assitant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, DES’sCOET, Dhamangaon Rly, Maharashtra

(India)

7. The Benefits and Applications of Solar Tree with

Natural Beauty of Trees
Sushma Gupta #1, Monish Gupta *
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering Swami Devi Dyal Institute of Engg and Technology
,Haryana ,India

8. Generation of Electricity by Wind Tree

Shekhanabi B Chalageri, Akash M Deshpande, Manjunath S Banad, Anoop S Pavate,

Prof. Sujata Eresimi

9. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

1Selvam, M., 2Ramesh, R., 3Palanisamy, R., 3Mohan, A. and 3*Muthu Manokar, A.

10. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF VERTICAL AXIS

WIND TURBINE
Piyush Gulve, Dr. S.B.Barve
Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT College of Engineering, Pune, India-
411038
 11. Design and Fabrication of Small VAWT for Turbine Tree using PVC Blades

Manoj M Koushik[1],Anantha Narayana H B [2], Gowtham V [3], Abdul Aziz [4], Abhishek
P [5]
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIE, Mysuru, Karnataka, India [1]
UG students Mechanical Engineering, The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka,
India2,3,4,5

12. Hybrid Tree Using Maglev Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Rangappa Y Uppar1, Chetan B K2, Mahamadiqbal S K3, Santosh Raikar M4

1,2,3 UG Students, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, S T J Institute of Technology,
Ranebennuru, Karnatak, India,
4Asst. Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, S T J Institute of Technology,
Ranebennuru, Karnatak, India.

13. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

1Selvam, M., 2Ramesh, R., 3Palanisamy, R., 3Mohan, A. and 3*Muthu Manokar, A.
1Department of Mechanical, Veltech Multi Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala
Engineering College,
Avadi, Chennai - 600 062
2Nehru College of Engineering and Research centre, Thrissur- 629708
3Department of Mechanical, Veltech (owned by R.S trust), Avadi, Chennai - 600 062,

India

6. Methodology of work

 Specification of wind turbine

Parameter Dimension

Blade diameter 140 mm

Board diameter 600 mm

Blade angle 30’

 Blade height 290 mm

Base Board 600 mm

Leg height 830 mm

Shaft Diameter 15 mm

 Specification of Selected Solar panel

Model Make( )

Max power. 10 watt

No. of Panel 4 Qnty.

Total power 40 watt

Cell size 26*78

No. of cells 36

Dimension (mm) 345*285*22

Weight( kg) 1.2

 Theoretical Calculation of wind turbine:

 Vertical Axis wind turbine Power calculation:
 P=0.5ACpV³

Where,
P-power,
ρ - 1.225 Kg/m3 density of air at sea level and 15oC;
A-Swept Area m2;
V-wind velocity in m/s;
Cp-power Coefficient;
Swept Area= As = H×D
Where,
H = the rotor height in m.
D = the rotor diameter in m.
As = H×D
= 0.29×0.28

=0.0812 m²
The Tip Speed Ratio (λ)

 TSR = λ = ( ω × d)/V

Where,
ω = the angular velocity of Savonius rotor (rad/sec).
d = the diameter of the semi-cylindrical Savonius rotor (m).
V = the wind speed (m/sec)
Assuming wind velocity as 6 m/s

 λ = ( ω × d)/V

For a Savonius VAWT λ is approximately equal to unity. λ = 1.

1 = (ω×0.14)/6
ω = 42.85 rad/s
𝝀 = (42.85×0.14)/6
𝝀 = 0.99(Equal to unity)
Speed of the Rotor
ω= 2ΠN / 60
N= ω × 60 / 2Π
N = 409.18 rpmPower

P=0.5ACpV ³
P = 0.5×1.225×0.0812×0.59×63
P = 6.33 watts.

 Calculate below equation after experimental setup.

 Solar Power calculation
 Calculate Time Vs Hybrid Power
 Experimental calculation of wind turbine
 Experiment calculation of solar panel
 Total Power
 After this calculation I will prove that the hybrid power system the
comparatively better performance then the individual performances of
both wind turbine and solar panels the solar power system produces
the power constantly throughout the day time and the wind turbine
produce the power 24 hrs. This design produce maximum 5 kw
hybrid power and minimum 50 watt power in minimum land
Requirement. These solar wind energy systems can considerably be
reducing of our power requirement in rural areas.
 Proposed Rough design for hybrid tree