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Question 1
Tioconazole is a non-polar antifungal agent which is used topically, whereas fluconazole is a polar drug which is used systemically. Which of the
following statements is correct?
a) The heterocyclic groups in fluconazole contain more nitrogen atoms making the drug less polar.
b) Increased polarity decreases water solubility.
c) The fluorine substituents in fluconazole increase water solubility.
d) The alcohol group in fluconazole increases polarity.
Question 2
Which of the following strategies will increase the polarity and water solubility of a drug?
a) The chloro group of chlorpropamide has an electron-withdrawing effect on the aromatic ring and stabilises the molecule.
b) The methyl group of tolbutamide is susceptible to drug metabolism whereas the chloro substituent of chlorpropamide is not.
c) The urea group of tolbutamide is more susceptible to hydrolysis than the urea group of chlorpropamide.
d) The sulfonamide group of tolbutamide is more susceptible to hydrolysis than the sulfonamide group of chlorpropamide.
Question 5
Lidocaine is a longer lasting local anaesthetic than procaine. Which of the following statements is false?
Question 6
Carbachol is more stable than acetylcholine to hydrolysis. Which of the following statements is not true?
a) The blue coloured methyl group of acetylcholine is susceptible to oxidation by cytochrome p450 enzymes.
b) The blue coloured nitrogen of carbachol stabilises the neighbouring carbonyl group.
c) Carbachol contains a urethane group while acetylcholine contains an ester group.
d) The blue coloured NH group of carbachol is a bio-isostere for the blue coloured CH group of acetylcholine.
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Question 7
Some drugs containing an ester group are inactive in vitro, but are active once the drug has been absorbed in vivo. What term is used for such
drugs?
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4/1/2019 Oxford University Press | Online Resource Centre | Chapter 14
a) postdrugs
b) predrugs
c) metabolites
d) prodrugs
Question 8
L791456 is an anti-arthritic drug with a shorter lifetime in the body than L787257. The only difference in the structures is a methyl substituent on
one of the pyridine rings. Why does the presence of a methyl group decrease the lifetime of the drug?
a) It increases the basicity of the pyridine ring causing it to bind to plasma proteins.
b) It acts as a steric shield and hinders the drug binding to its target.
c) It is metabolised by oxidative enzymes to an alcohol or carboxylic acid. The resulting polar metabolites are rapidly excreted.
d) It increases the rate of N-oxidation and deactivation of the drug.
Question 9
In Parkinson's disease, there is a lack of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. Adding dopamine itself is not very effective for a variety of
reasons. Which of the following statements is not a valid explanation?
a) Ester prodrugs are more easily absorbed from the gut than the parent drug if the parent drug is highly polar.
b) Esters are more susceptible to hydrolysis if the alcohol moiety has an electron donating group.
c) Esters can be used to mask a polar alcohol, phenol or carboxylic acid group.
d) It is preferable if the leaving group from ester hydrolysis is a natural chemical such as an amino acid.
Question 11
Fluphenazine decanoate is an ester prodrug for the antipsychotic drug fluphenazine, and is administered by intramuscular injection. Which of the
following statements is true?
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4/1/2019 Oxford University Press | Online Resource Centre | Chapter 14
a) Phosphate esters are more polar in nature than the parent drug.
b) Phosphate esters are less water soluble than the parent drug.
c) Phosphate esters are more likely to cross cell membranes than the parent drug.
d) Phosphate esters are resistant to drug metabolism.
Question 14
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4/1/2019 Oxford University Press | Online Resource Centre | Chapter 14
Candoxatril is an ester prodrug for candoxatrilat which inhibits protease enzymes. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a) Protein drugs suffer a disadvantage in that they could produce an immune response.
b) Peptides and proteins generally show poor bioavailability.
c) Peptide drugs are susceptible to peptidase enzymes.
d) Peptide drugs are susceptible to metabolic enzymes but not to digestive enzymes.
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