AHRI Standard 550-590 IP-551-591 SI 2015-Updates-Add3 PDF

AHRI Standards 550/590 (I-P)-2015
& 551/591 (SI)-2015

Updates from 2011 Version with
Addendum 3
Agenda
 Background Purpose
 Learning Objectives
 Referenced Documents
 Section 1, Purpose
 Section 2, Scope
 Section 3, Definitions
 Section 4, Test Requirements
 Section 5, Rating Requirements
 Section 6, Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings
 Section 7, Conversions and Calculations
 Section 8, Symbols and Subscripts
 Appendix C, Method of Test
 Appendix D, Derivation of IPLV
 Appendix E, Chiller Condenser Entering Air Temperature Measurement
 Appendix F, Atmospheric Pressure Adjustment
 Appendix G, Water Pressure Drop Measurement Procedure
 Appendix H, Heating Capacity Test Procedure
 Accompanying Tools
– Kadj
– Atmospheric Correction
2
Background Purpose
 Background
– In 2015 work was completed on updating the AHRI 550/590 (IP) and
AHRI 551/591 (SI) Standards which have been released as AHRI
550/590 (IP)-2015 and AHRI 551/591 (S)-2015
– All sections except Section 4 are effective April 1, 2016
• Section 4 is effective January 1, 2017
– In addition the Operational Manuals for the ACCL and WCCL
certification programs have been updated and released as of 4/1/2016
 Purpose
– This presentation will focus on the changes to the Standards and a
separate presentation will cover the Operational Manual changes
– Review changes in the 2015 version of both standards that differ from
the 2011 version
3
Learning Objectives
4
Learning Objectives
 Learning Objective Goals
– To provide and overview of the changes to the AHRI 550/590
(IP) and AHRI 551/591 (SI) standards relative to the 2011 version
with addendum 3
– The intent is to provide a uniform training document that can be
used by users of the standard and laboratories around the world
– As there have been significant changes to testing requirements
and procedures the presentation will also provide further insight
into the reasons for the changes and how they are applied
– The intent of this presentation is to supplement the Standards
but is not intended to replace the standard and all requirements
interpretations will be based on the standard documents
5
Reference Documents
 Document Location
– The following documents are available free of charge at the AHRI website
http://www.ahrinet.org/site/686/Standards/HVACR-Industry-Standards/Search-Standards
 Reference Documents
– AHRI Standard 550/590 (I-P)–2015 with Errata, Performance Rating of
Water-chilling and Heat Pump Water-heating Packages Using the Vapor
Compression Cycle
– ANSI/AHRI Standard 550/590 (I-P)-2011 with Addendum 3
– AHRI Standard 551/591 (SI)-2015 with Errata, Performance Rating of
Water-chilling and Heat Pump Water-heating Packages Using the Vapor
Compression Cycle
– ANSI/AHRI Standard 551/591 (SI)-2011 with Addendum 3
– Appendix G Pressure Drop Adjustments
– Calibration Worksheet
 Other References
– Kadj Calculation Spreadsheet Tool
– ASHRAE 90.1
6
Section 1, Purpose
7
Section 1, Purpose
 The purpose of this standard is to establish for Water-chilling and Heat Pump
Water-heating Packages using the vapor compression cycle with the
following areas of focus:
– Definitions
– Test requirements
– Rating requirements
– Minimum data requirements for Published Ratings
– Marking and nameplate data
– Conversions and calculations
– Nomenclature
– Conformance conditions
 The standard is intended for guidance of the industry, including
manufacturers, engineers, installers, efficiency regulators, contractors and
users.
 This standard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances.
It is typically updated every 5 years but there may also be addendums
8
Section 2, Scope
9
Section 2, Scope
 This standard applies to air-cooled and water-cooled chillers in both

heating and cooling mode
 These Water-chilling and Water-heating Packages include:
– Water-cooled, Air-cooled, or Evaporatively-cooled Condensers
– Water-cooled heat recovery condensers
– Air-to-water heat pumps
– Water-to-water heat pumps with a capacity greater or equal to
135,000 Btu/h. Water-to-water heat pumps with a capacity less than
135,000 Btu/h are covered by the latest edition of
ASHRAE/ANSI/AHRI/ISO Standard 13256
 This standard does not cover
– Absorption chillers which are covered by AHRI Standard 560
– Chillers with secondary fluids other than water.
10
Section 2, Scope
 The scope of the standards includes

products and capacity ranges that
may not be current covered under
the AHRI ACCL and WCCL certification
programs
 Shown is the current 2016 WCCL

scope for the certification program
 Refer to the WCCL Presentation for

more details
11
Section 2, Scope
 Shown is the current 2016 ACCL

scope for the certification
program
 Refer to the ACCL Presentation

for more details
12
Section 3, Definitions
13
Overview of Changes
 Section 3: Definitions
– 3.3 Capacity – Clarification
– 3.3.1 Gross Heating Capacity - clarification of heat balance to energy
balance
– 3.3.2 Gross Refrigerating Capacity - clarification of heat balance to energy
balance
– 3.4 Compressor Saturated Discharge Temperature – added more detail
about what should be included in measurements
– 3.5.4 Water-cooled Heat Recovery Condenser – enhanced to add
additional information
– 3.7.1 Cooling Energy Efficiency
• 3.7.1.1 Cooling Coefficient of Performance (COPR) – enhanced for
clarity
• 3.7.1.2 Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) - enhanced for clarity
• 3.7.1.3 Power Input per Capacity. (kw/tonR) - enhanced for clarity
14
Overview of Changes
– 3.7.2 Heating Energy Efficiency
• 3.7.2.1 Heating Coefficient of Performance (COPH) - enhanced for clarity
– 3.7.3 Simultaneous Cooling and Heating Energy Efficiency (new section)
• 3.7.3.1 Heat Recovery Coefficient of Performance (COPHR) - enhanced for
clarity
• 3.7.3.2 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Coefficient of Performance
(COPSHC) – New definition added for units that are operating in a manner
that uses both the net heating and refrigerating capacities generated
during operation
– 3.8.1 Fouling Factor Allowance – Changed the symbol to Rfoul,sp and enhanced
for clarity
– 3.10.2 Non-Standard Part-Load Value (NPLV) - enhanced for clarity on
application specifics.
– 3.11 Percent Load (%Load) - enhanced for clarity to specifically define the use
of this term
15
Overview of Changes
– 3.14 Significant Figure – new definition for this term
– 3.16 Total Input Power – revised to clarify intent
– 3.17 Turn Down Ratio - enhanced for clarity
– 3.18 Unit Type – (new section)
• 3.18.1 Configurable Unit - new definition for this term
• 3.18.2 Packaged Unit - new definition for this term
– 3. 19 Water-chilling or Water-heating Package
• 3. 19.1 Heat Recovery Water-chilling Package - new definition for this term
• 3. 19.2 Heat Pump Water-heating Package - new definition for this term
• 3. 19.3 Modular Chiller Package - new definition for this term
• 3.19.4 Condenserless Chiller - new definition for this term
– 3.20 Water Pressure Drop - enhanced for clarity and simplification
16
Section 4, Test Requirements
17
Impact of Significant Figures &
Rounding on Pass-Fail Acceptance
18
Significant Figures & Rounding Digits
 Prior editions of Standard 550/590 & 551/591 were silent on

rounding digits for published ratings
 The following items are subject to significant figure rules:
– Published ratings (capacity, efficiency, pressure drop; rating conditions)
– Pass/fail limits (Tol1, Tol2, Tol3 calculated from published ratings)
– Test results (final reported values of measurements and calculated results)
 Table 14 has the required number of significant figures for
each value
– Generally 3 or 4 sig figs, though temperature is technically 5
19
Significant Figures & Rounding Digits
 Definition of significant figures: (Section 3.14)

Significant Figure. Each of the digits of a number that are used to
express it to the required degree of accuracy, starting from the first
nonzero digit (Refer to Sections 4.3 and 6.2).
 Detailed rules are in Section 4.3, a brief summary:
– All non-zero digits are considered significant
– Leading zeroes are not significant
– Trailing zeroes to the right of a decimal point are significant
– Trailing zeroes in a number to the left of a decimal point can be
ambiguous, so several methods are defined to present such
numbers without ambiguity; the easiest is many cases is to
change the prefix on the units of measure (i.e. for large numbers
use either W, kW, or MW to avoid trailing zeroes)
20
Significant Figures
π = 3.14159265359…
Significant Figures Rounded Value AHRI Standards 550/590 (I-P)-2015

1 3 and 551/591 (SI)-2015 define rules for
significant figures and rounding in
2 3.1 Section 4.
3 3.14
4 3.142
5 3.1416
6 3.14159
21
Rounding Error
 Rounding error can be up to ±½ digit beyond the least

significant digit (last digit moving to the right)
 Example:
– Take the number 2.5 with two significant digits
– The least significant digit is “5”
– ±½ of the next digit is ±0.05
– Result “2.5” may have come from a value ranging from
2.4500000… to 2.5499999…
– The rounding error could be up to ±0.05, or (±0.05)/2.5 = ±2.0%
22
Rounding Error 2 Significant Figures
 Evaluating rounding error over several orders of magnitude

there is a clear pattern:
With only 2 significant

figures, the rounding
error ranges from
0.50% to 5.0%
0.50% < 𝜖 ≤ 5.0%
23

With 3 significant
error ranges from
0.050% to 0.50%
0.050% < 𝜖 ≤ 0.50%
24

With 4 significant
error ranges from
0.0050% to 0.050%
0.0050% < 𝜖 ≤ 0.050%
25
Acceptance Criteria Issues
 If an acceptance criteria includes a tolerance on the order of

magnitude of 5% (such as for a chiller with ΔT=10°F where
Tol1=5.0% at full load), then a rounding error of 0.5%
becomes a significant issue to consider
±0.5
= ±10%
5.0
26
Examples
 The next few slides walk through some examples that

demonstrate the impact of rounding issues
– First showing how a rating software program might calculate an
efficiency value, which is then rounded to the published rating value
– Next showing how the tolerance limit is calculated from the published
rating, and then rounded to established the pass/fail criterion for a
test
– Next showing how a test result calculated from test measurements is
rounded and used to determine pass/fail
 The example starts from very coarse resolution, then moving
towards finer resolution that demonstrates why AHRI
Standards 550/590 and 551/591 selected the required
significant figures shown in Table 14
27
Example Using Efficiency (EER)
 As a gross example, if rounding to the nearest integer, these

are the only possible values for rated efficiency, or Tol1
tolerance limit, or for tested efficiency
…
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
…
28
 Rating program calculates EER = 11.1449999

 If rounding to the nearest integer (not using significant
figures):
full load ΔT 10 °F
capacity load point 100%
Tol1 tolerance 5.00%
12 published rating rounds to 11

Tol1 calculated from 11
Min Allowed EERtested =EERrated-Tol1
11 Min Allowed EERtested = 10.47619048
Min Allowed EERtested result rounds to 10
RATED VALUE
10
MIN ALLOWED
9.5
9.0
𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 =Round , 0 digits
1 + 𝑇𝑜𝑙1
29

 If rounding to the nearest integer (not using significant
figures):
12 Due to rounding the limit

(minimum allowable EER), and
rounding of the test result,
11 there is a grey zone where
pass-fail is not 100% clear
RATED VALUE
10
MIN ALLOWED
9.5
9.0
30
 If using 2 significant figures, these are the only possible

values for rated efficiency, or for tested efficiency
…
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
11
12
13
14
…
31

 If using 2 significant figures:
12
published rating rounds to 11
Tol1 calculated from 11
Min Allowed EERtested =EERrated-Tol1
11 Min Allowed EERtested = 10.47619048
Min Allowed EERtested result rounds to 10
RATED VALUE
10
MIN ALLOWED
9.5
9.0
𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 =Round , 2 sig figs
1 + 𝑇𝑜𝑙1
32

12 Due to rounding the limit

(minimum allowable EER), and
rounding of the test result,
11 there is a grey zone where
pass-fail is not 100% clear
RATED VALUE
10
MIN ALLOWED
9.5
9.0
33

error bars show the

pass uncertainty due to
12
rounding (lack of
pass resolution)
11
RATED VALUE
10 MIN ALLOWED
POSSIBLE TEST POINTS
9.5
pass (but 9% possibility
9.0
it is a wrong conclusion)
fail
fail
34

error bars show the

uncertainty due to
rounding (lack of
resolution)
11.1
pass
10.8 pass RATED VALUE
MIN ALLOWED
10.7 POSSIBLE TEST POINTS
10.6
10.5 pass (but 50% possibility

10.4 fail it is a wrong conclusion)
35
fail

As in the 2 significant figure
example, due to rounding the
limit (minimum allowable EER),
and rounding of the test result,
there is a grey zone where
pass-fail is not 100% clear.
With 3 significant figures the
grey zone is smaller, though still
sizeable.
fail
36

error bars show the

uncertainty due to
rounding (lack of
11.14
resolution)
RATED VALUE
MIN ALLOWED
POSSIBLE TEST POINTS
pass pass
10.62 10.63
10.61
10.59 10.60 pass (but 50% possibility
fail fail it is a wrong conclusion)
37
 In previous figures, note that the effective width of the

tolerance band was impacted due to rounding (not always
exactly equal to Tol1)
difference compounded
rating calculated rounded min due to rounding
program published difference min or max or max rounding error for
significant internal rating due to allowable allowable for allowable tolerance
parameter units figures calculation (rounded) rounding for pass-fail pass-fail limit zone size
efficiency EER 2 11.1449999 11 -1.30% 10.4761905 10 -4.55% -115.75%
efficiency EER 3 11.1449999 11.1 -0.40% 10.5714286 10.6 0.27% -2.69%
efficiency EER 4 11.1449999 11.14 -0.04% 10.6095238 10.61 0.00% -0.81%
38
Tips for Implementing Significant Figures
 Excel formula to round a value to a specified number of sigfigs:

=ROUND(value,sigfigs-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(value)))))
 Excel formula to display a value as text properly formatted to
appear with the correct number of sigfigs :
=TEXT(TEXT(value,"."&REPT("0",sigfigs)&"E+000"),
"0"&REPT(".",(sigfigs-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(value)))))>0)&
REPT("0",(sigfigs-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(value)))))*((sigfigs-
(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(value)))))>0)))
Note 1: replace “value” and “sigfigs” with either a number or a cell reference
Note 2: when “value” is zero, these formulas return an error message (#NUM )
Note 3: similar methods may be used in other programming languages
39
Section 5, Rating Requirements
40
Section 5.1.2 - Heating Energy Efficiency
➢ New Efficiency Value - Simultaneous Heating and
Cooling Coefficient of Performance (COPSCH)
➢ Equation 6:
COPSCH = Qcd + Qev/K3∙Winput
41
AHRI 2011 Rating Conditions
 Standard rating conditions – cooling mode
IP
AHRI
550/590-2011
SI
AHRI
551/591-2011
fixed (specified)
fixed (reference only)
variable
42
New AHRI 2015 Rating Conditions
 Standard rating conditions – cooling mode
IP
AHRI
550/590-2015
SI
AHRI
551/591-2015
fixed (specified)
fixed (reference only)
variable
43
Section 5.2 - Standard Ratings and Conditions - Why
the change?
➢ An error was discovered in the implementation of the
ASHRAE 90.1 Kadj formula.
➢ The calculated value for Kadj does not equal 1.00 at
Standard Rating Conditions (SRC) for all cases.
– IP: At one particular efficiency level Kadj is indeed equal to 1.00, but chiller models at
lower or higher efficiency levels result in values that deviate from 1.00.
– SI: There is a small but constant error regardless of chiller efficiency due to slightly
different standard rating conditions defined for SI and IP
44
Section 5.3 - Application Rating Conditions
➢ Full and Part-load Application Rating Conditions
➢ Table 2
– No changes to ranges from 2011 Standard
– Additional notes have been added to clarify the intent of the
application rating conditions
45
Section 5.4 – Part-Load Ratings
➢ Table 3, Part-load Conditions for Rating, Changes
– New Clarification for Note 6:
“Air-cooled and evaporatively-cooled unit ratings are at standard
atmospheric condition (sea level). Measured data shall be corrected to
standard atmospheric pressure of 14.696 psia per Appendix F.”
46
Section 5.4 – Part-Load Ratings
➢ IPLV & NPLV Nomenclature
– It is important to identify which standard was used to determine
ratings because the IP & SI Standard Rating Conditions are not exact
conversions
– IPLV or NPLV should be appended with “.SI” or “.IP”
IPLV.SI
IPLV.IP
– NPLV applies only to Water-Cooled chillers
47
Section 5.4.1.2 - Stepped Capacity Part Load Ratings
➢ IPLV
– If a chiller can not operate at a defined part load point, the point
may be interpolated, but not extrapolated
– In cases where the equipment cannot unload to obtain a point, 5.4.1
and the subsections provide numerous examples of various types to
calculate IPLV
48
Section 5.6, Table 12 - Definition of Operating
Condition Tolerances and Stability Criteria
➢ For testing, each stability criteria has been statistically

defined
49
Section 5.6.3, Table 13 - Definition of Validity
Tolerance
➢ Energy Balance (Tol4) tolerance reduced by 30%

➢ New requirement for Voltage Balance (Vbal) of ≤ 2.0%
between phases
50
Section 6, Minimum Data
Requirements for Published Ratings
51
Section 6.1 - Minimum Data Requirements for
Published Ratings
 Clarifies that Standard Ratings are per Section 5.1 (Standard
Rating Metrics) and Section 5.2 (Standard Ratings and
Conditions)
 Adds direction for centrifugal chillers to use Section 5.3
(Application Rating Conditions) with the Fouling Factor
Allowance per Table 1 Notes unless the specified application
states a different value.
52
Section 6.2 - Published Ratings
 Requires all Published Ratings to be rounded to the number of
significant figures shown in Table 14 (effective 1/1/17)
 Rated Total Input Power to Chiller (6.2.1.4)
– Explicitly includes all auxiliary power (previously only stated in
testing requirements).
– Include losses from starters, transformers, drives, or gearboxes
(line side power measurement) when those components are
provided by the chiller manufacturer (whether unit-mounted, self-
contained, free-standing, or remote-mounted).
– Include losses from non-electric drive (prime mover and all
driveline components) when those components are provided by
the chiller manufacturer.
– Excludes losses (not included in the ratings) from starters,
transformers, drives, gearboxes, or prime mover when such
equipment is provided by the customer or other third party. If
variable speed, assume same speed control method as if provided
by the chiller manufacturer.
53
Section 6.2 - Published Ratings (cont’d)
 Fouling Factor Allowances per Table 1 or Table 2 (either

Standard or Application Rating Conditions, as applicable)
 Water Cooled Condensers (6.2.2)
– Requires ECWT and LCWT, or LCWT and ΔT
 Air-cooled (6.2.3) and evaporatively-cooled (6.2.4)
condensers. Rated altitude for application rating conditions
(defines the atmospheric pressure associated with the
rating). Standard ratings are still at sea level. Fan power and
spray pump power are now optional itemizations (as subsets
of the total input power)
54
Section 6.3 - Summary Table of Data to be Published
 Added column for significant figures requirement

 Required reporting of altitude
 Optional itemization notes (fan, spray pump)
 Temperature decimal place rounding requirements
55
Section 7, Conversions and
Calculations
56
Conversion Factors – 550/590
57
Conversion Factors – 551/591
58
Water Side Properties Calculation Methods
 Either of the following 2 methods can be used. In both cases,

the value of the water temperature or pressure to be used as
input is dependent on the context of the calculation using
the density and specific heat terms.
59
Method 1
 Use NIST (National Institute of Standards and

Technology) Refprop software (version 9.1 or later)
to calculate physical properties density and specific
heat, as a function of both pressure and
temperature.
60
Method 2
 Use the following polynomial equations to calculate density and specific

heat of water as a function of temperature only.
61
Converting Altitude to Atmospheric Pressure
 The relationship is based on the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) and

represents a mean value of typical weather variations. The ISA is defined by
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The slight difference between
geometric altitude (ZH) and geopotential altitude (H) is ignored for the purposes
of this standard (ZH ≅ H).
62
Section 8, Symbols and Subscripts
63
Symbols and Subscripts
 All symbols and subscripts from the standard and all

appendices were compiled into a single section
 All symbols and subscripts have unique usage
 A few new symbols and subscripts were added
64
Appendix C, Method of Testing
Water-Chilling and Water-Heating
Packages Using the Vapor
Compression Cycle
65
Test Setup
66
Test Setup
 Installation
– No changes
 Data to be collected
– Previously listed in text of Appendix C. Now organized in Tables
C3, C4, and C5.
67
Data to be Recorded (refer to Table C3)
Data to be Recorded During the Test
Type Data Item Units of Measure
All Condenser Types General Time of day for each data point sample hh:mm:ss.s
Atmospheric pressure psia

Evaporator Tin °F
Tout °F
mw or Vw lb/h or gpm
Δptest psid
Water-cooled Condenser Condenser Tin °F
Water-cooled Heat Recovery Condenser Tout °F
mw or Vw lb/h or gpm
Δptest psid
Air-cooled Condenser Condenser Spatial average dry-bulb temperature of entering air °F
Evaporatively-cooled Condenser Condenser Spatial average dry-bulb temperature of entering air °F
Spatial average wet-bulb temperature of entering air °F
Without Condenser Compressor Discharge temperature °F
Discharge pressure psia
Liquid Line Liquid refrigerant temperature entering the expansion °F
device
Liquid pressure entering the expansion device psia
Electric Drive Chiller Winput (and Wrefrig if needed) kW
Voltage for each phase V
If 3-phase: average voltage V
Frequency for one phase Hz
Non-Electric Drive Chiller Refer to Standard for detailed requirements
68
Data to be Recorded (refer to Tables C4 and C5)
Table C4. Auxiliary Data to be Recorded
Units of Measure
Type Data Item
All Date, place, and time of test dd-mmm-yyyy
hh:mm:ss
Names of test supervisor and witnessing personnel -
Ambient temperature at test site °F
Nameplate data including make, model, size, serial number and refrigerant designation -
number, sufficient to completely identify the water chiller. Unit voltage and frequency
shall be recorded.
Prime mover nameplate data (motor, engine or turbine). -
Non-electric Drive Fuel specification (if applicable) and calorific value -
Table C5. Optional Auxiliary Data to be Recorded
Type Data Item Units of Measure

Open-type compressor Compressor driver rotational speed rpm
Electric Drive Current for each phase of electrical input to chiller package amp
69
Data to be Recorded – Special Notes
 Pressure
– Refer to Section C4.1.4 for requirements for Water Pressure Drop
measurements.
– Appendix G is the procedure for Water Pressure Drop Measurement.
• Sections G3 and G4 detail the measurement locations and static pressure tap
requirements. Many labs construct special “Appendix G Pipes” in various sizes
that meet these requirements and reuse them on multiple tests.
• Section G5 details the procedure for correcting for additional static pressure
drop due to external piping. This procedure may not be required on every test.
Some labs find it advantageous to include the correction calculations in their
computerized data acquisition system so it is calculated in real time during the
test. Other labs do the correction calculations on the final test results.
 Power
– Refer to Section C4.1.5
– Clarified that auxiliary, condenser fan, and condenser spray pump power
must be included in Winput , but are not required to be recorded
separately.
70
Data to be Recorded – Special Notes
 Flow
– Refer to Section C4.1.3 for details on the requirements for mass flow
rate and how to calculate it if volumetric flow rate meters are used.
– Flow meter installation location
• If using volumetric type flow meter(s), consider installing the flow
meter(s) on the flow entering the heat exchanger. Not a requirement
but strongly preferred. This avoids the need to make small
adjustments in test conditions versus rating conditions (per Section
C4.1.3.1).
• Also refer to Sections 5.1.3 and 5.1.4 for chiller ratings requirements
being based on volumetric flow entering the evaporator or condenser
(so that rated flow and test measured flow correspond to the same
temperature and density). At low ΔT the adjustment is insignificant,
but at higher ΔT, particularly in the condenser at higher temperatures,
the adjustment is significant and can be more than 10% of the ±5%
tolerance on flow rate.
71
Collecting/Recording Data
72
Testing Process
 Section C6.2.1, General

– Unit being tested shall maintain steady state operating conditions and performance for
a minimum of 15 minutes.
– “A minimum of 30 data point measurements shall be collected and recorded”
– Data to be recorded is identified in Tables C3 and C4
– Table C5 data may be recorded but is not mandatory
– Each data point measurement shall be time stamped
– Time interval between data point measurements shall be uniform in duration, e.g. 30
seconds between each of the minimum 30 measurement data points on a 15 minute
duration test
– “Intervals between time stamps shall not vary by more than +/- 5% from the average
time interval for all data points.”
– This means that the time intervals for the minimum 30 measurement data points at an
average time interval of 30 seconds can’t vary by more than +/- 1.5 seconds.
• For example,
– Data point n time stamp 10:25:25.2 (hh:mm:ss.s)
– Data point n+1 time stamp shall be between 10:25:53.7 and 10:25:56.7
73
Recording Data Rules
 What is not allowed:

– No longer recording 4 points over a 15 minute period.
– No longer using tolerances only for pass/fail criteria.
 What shall be done:

– Using software or other recording method to capture time stamped data.
– Test must run a minimum of 15 minutes, no maximum.
– A minimum of 30 data point measurements to be collected at uniform time
intervals.
• Intervals between time stamps shall not vary more than +/- 5%
• Each data point measurement can represent either individual reading or time
averaged value.
• If time averaged value is used; whether in hardware or software, the time interval
for averaging of the data samples shall not exceed 1/60 of the total test time
period.
– Pass/Fail decisions will use a combination of tolerance and stability criteria.
74
Table of Parameters using 1/60th Total Time Period
Time Interval 1/60
1.667%
data sample maximum time
number of data total test time interval time scale for
points (minutes) (seconds) averaging (sec)
30 15 30 15
45 15 20 15
90 15 10 15
150 15 6 15
450 15 2 15
900 15 1 15
30 30 60 30
45 30 40 30
90 30 20 30
150 30 12 30
450 30 4 30
900 30 2 30
30 60 120 60
45 60 80 60
90 60 40 60
150 60 24 60
450 60 8 60
900 60 4 60
75
15 Minute Trend Using Time Averaged Values
11 Example of 15 Minute Trend- 30 Points
To generate point: Can

only time average 15
seconds of data.
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Time in Minutes
15 Minute Trend 7.5 Sec Sampling Rate
76
Testing Process

– Each measured value, such as temperature or power, may be single reading or
a time averaged value from a larger number of data points.
• For example, 7 measurement samples on a power meter averaged and
used as the measured data point for power.
• Note the time interval for averaging of data samples shall not exceed
1/60th of the total test period. For a 15 minute round, this would be 15
seconds
– Steady State or Stability Criteria.
• Determination of stability shall be based upon the criteria established in
Table 12.
• Calculation of the Standard Deviation for each of the measurements
identified in Table 12 shall be performed.
77
Testing Process

– Determination of Steady State Operating Conditions is based upon the
mean value of the 30 or more data points relative to the target value.
– Steady State Operating Conditions (i.e. Stability Criteria)
• Determination of stability shall be based upon the criteria established in
Table 12.
• Calculation of the Standard Deviation for each of the measurements
identified in Table 12 shall be performed.
• The calculated standard deviation shall be used to determine if the
stability criteria is meet as based upon Table 12.
– Performance
• Determination of performance shall be based upon Table 11,
Definition of Tolerances and Table 12, Definition of Operating
Condition Tolerances and Stability Criteria
78
Testing Process

– Performance
• A Test Validity assessment shall be made per Section 5.6.3.
– “Measurement values and calculation results shall not deviate
more than the validity tolerance limits of Table 13”
Table 13. Definition of Validity Tolerances
Parameter Limits Related Tolerance Equations3
0.105
Energy Balance1 Ebal ≤ Tol4 × 100% Tol4 = 0.074 − 0.049 ∙ %Load + 26
∆TFL ∙%Load
Voltage Balance2 Vbal ≤ 2.0%

Notes:
1. Energy balance where applicable shall be calculated in accordance with Section C3.4.1.
2. Not applicable to single phase units. Voltage unbalance calculated per Section C3.4.2.
3. %Load and Tol4 are in decimal form.
79
Testing Process

– Performance
• Section 5.6.1 requires that “tolerance limit for test results for Net
Capacity, full and part load Efficiency and Water Pressure Drop
shall be determined from Table 11”
• All of these values shall be rounded to the number of significant
figures in Table 14.
• Table 11 tolerance limits are “to be used when testing a unit to
verify and confirm performance”
80
Example: Operating Condition Tolerance & Stability
Temperature (°F) [IP]
data data set
point 20
1 44.1000 44.00 adjusted target
2 44.0813
3 44.1112 44.22 sample mean
4 44.1114 0.07 sample standard deviation
5 44.1328
6 44.1202 44.50 tolerance limit for sample mean (upper)
7 44.1314 43.50 tolerance limit for sample mean (lower)
8 44.1641
9 44.1771 Table 12 Limits
10 44.2081 0.22 mean to target tolerance limit check 𝑇 − 𝑇𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑡 ≤ 0.50 °F
11 44.2049 0.07 stability limit check ≤ 0.18 °F
12 44.2089
13 44.2529 PASS
14 44.2607
15 44.2786
16 44.2942 45.00
17 44.2723 PASS
18 44.3028
19 44.3270 44.50
20 44.2941
21 44.2596
22 44.2982 44.00
23 44.3087
24 44.3078
25 44.2697 43.50
26 44.2761
27 44.2449
28 44.2107 43.00
29 44.2131 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
30 44.1782
81
data data set
point 21
2 44.2064
3 44.1851 44.39 sample mean
5 44.2652
8 44.3780
12 44.4039
13 44.3822 PASS
14 44.5030
15 44.4316
16 44.3682 45.00
17 44.4459 PASS
18 44.4444
19 44.4168 44.50
20 44.3574
21 44.4187
22 44.5242 44.00
23 44.4754
24 44.3846
25 44.3753 43.50
26 44.4774
27 44.5416
28 44.5069 43.00
29 44.4989 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
30 44.4357
82
data data set
point 25
2 44.3133
3 44.3274 44.43 sample mean
5 44.3866
8 44.5715
12 44.7292
13 44.6674 PASS
14 44.7229
15 44.6287
16 44.5161 45.00
17 44.4676 PASS
18 44.5075
19 44.3936 44.50
20 44.4022
21 44.3615
22 44.3284 44.00
23 44.1864
24 44.1699
25 44.1253 43.50
26 44.2558
27 44.2032
28 44.2334 43.00
29 44.3026 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
30 44.4401
83
data data set
point 24
2 44.1947
3 44.2418 44.49 sample mean
5 44.2513
8 44.3965
12 44.5135
13 44.6332 PASS
14 44.5413
15 44.6320
16 44.6478 45.00
17 44.6737 PASS
18 44.6061
19 44.6170 44.50
20 44.6478
21 44.6253
22 44.6290 44.00
23 44.5881
24 44.5825
25 44.6091 43.50
26 44.5754
27 44.5354
28 44.5219 43.00
29 44.5343 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
30 44.5272
84
data data set
point 22
2 44.3333
3 44.2943 44.02 sample mean
5 43.9783
8 43.8357
12 43.7899
13 43.7401 FAIL
14 43.6353
15 43.6322
16 43.5008 45.00
17 43.5933 FAIL
18 43.6849
19 43.8244 44.50
20 43.9271
21 44.0006
22 44.1235 44.00
23 44.1814
24 44.2043
25 44.1954 43.50
26 44.2967
27 44.3790
28 44.4511 43.00
29 44.4855 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
30 44.4910
85
data data set
point 19
2 43.8178
3 43.8553 44.25 sample mean
5 43.9924
8 44.2367
12 44.3161
13 44.2851 FAIL
14 44.1644
15 44.2556
16 44.3114 45.00
17 44.4313 FAIL
18 44.4104
19 44.3187 44.50
20 44.2660
21 44.2278
22 44.3265 44.00
23 44.3860
24 44.4641
25 44.4537 43.50
26 44.3344
27 44.3918
28 44.4928 43.00
29 44.3978 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
30 44.4110
86
data data set
point 23
2 44.2147
3 44.2618 44.51 sample mean
5 44.2713
8 44.4165
12 44.5335
13 44.6532 FAIL
14 44.5613
15 44.6520
16 44.6678 45.00
17 44.6937 FAIL
18 44.6261
19 44.6370 44.50
20 44.6678
21 44.6453
22 44.6490 44.00
23 44.6081
24 44.6025
25 44.6291 43.50
26 44.5954
27 44.5554
28 44.5419 43.00
29 44.5543 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
30 44.5472
87
Analyzing Results
88
Section C4.5, Validation
 As a part of test validation, the concept previously referred

to as “heat balance” is now referred to as “energy balance”
to better reflect the true purpose.
 Section C4.5.3 includes new requirement to calculate voltage
balance per Section C3.4.2 for units that use a multi-phase
power supply.
➢ Energy Balance (Tol4) tolerance reduced by 25%
➢ New requirement for Voltage Balance (Vbal) of ≤ 2.0%
between phases
89
Analyzing Results
 Refer to Section C4.3, Tolerances.

– Section C4.3.1 defines tolerance requirements on Operating
Conditions and refers to Table 12.
• Changes related to continuous data collection
– Operating Condition Tolerance Limits for measured data are
now based on average value for each measurement
– Stability Criteria added, based on standard deviation.
– Section C4.3.2 defines requirements on performance and refers
to Table 11
– Section 5.6.3 defines requirements for Test Validity and refers to
Table 13
90
Analyzing Results (Air-Cooled Chillers)
Test Passed
Do air Do operating Do
Does test temperature tolerances
meet validity VALID performance
tolerances in
YES tolerances YES and stability YES tolerances
TEST
Table 13? meet meet meet
Table E2? Table 12? Table 11
NO
NO
NO
NO
RE-RUN TEST Test Failed
90
Analyzing Results (Water-Cooled Chillers)
Test Passed
Do operating
Does test meet
tolerances and VALID Do performance
validity tolerances YES YES tolerances meet
in Table 13? stability meet TEST
Table 12? Table 11
NO
NO
NO
RE-RUN TEST Test Failed
90
Table 12, Definition of Operating Condition Tolerances
and Stability Criteria
Table 12. Definition of Operating Condition Tolerances and Stability Criteria
Values
Calculated from
Data Samples Operating Condition Tolerance Limits Stability
Measurement or Calculation Result Applicable Operating Mode(s)
Criteria
Std
Mean
Dev
Unit with Continuous Unloading: 1
Part Load test capacity shall be
within 2% of the target part-load
capacity2
Q − Q target
Net Capacity, Q ≤ 2.000% No
Cooling, Heating, Heat Recovery - - Q100%
(Cooling or Heating) Requirement
Units with Discrete Capacity Steps:
Part Load test points shall be taken
as close as practical to the specified
part-load rating points as stated in
Table 3
Cooling Mode Evaporator
Entering Water Temperature No Requirement
ഥ
T − Ttarget ≤ 0.50 °F
Cooling, Heating, Heat Recovery sT ≤ 0.18 °F
Leaving Water Temperature ഥ
T sT Exception for heating mode only: no
requirement during defrost portion.
Only during defrost portion of cycle:
Entering Water Temperature Heating ഥ − Ttarget ≤ 2.00 °F sT ≤ 0.50 °F
T
1. The target set point condenser entering temperatures (Figure 1) for continuous unloading units will be determined at the target part-load test point.
2. The ± 2.0% tolerance shall be calculated as 2.0% of the full load rated capacity (tonR). For example, a nominal 50.0% part load point shall be tested
between 48.0% and 52.0% of the full load capacity to be used directly for IPLV.IP and NPLV.IP calculations. Outside this tolerance, interpolation
shall be used..
93
Values Calculated
from Operating Condition Tolerance
Measurement or Calculation Result Applicable Operating Mode(s) Stability Criteria
Data Samples Limits
Mean Std Dev
Cooling Mode Heat Rejection Heat Exchanger (Condenser)
Entering Water Temperature Cooling ഥ
T sT ഥ − Ttarget ≤ 0.50 °F
T sT ≤ 0.18 °F
Leaving Water or Fluid Temperature Heating, Heat Recovery
Cooling Mode Heat Rejection Heat Exchanger (Condenser)

Cooling, Heating (non-frosting) ഥ − Ttarget ≤ 1.00 °F
T sT ≤ 0.75 °F
Heating portion: Heating portion:

Entering Air Mean Dry Bulb ഥ
T − Ttarget ≤ 2.00 °F sT ≤ 1.00 °F
Temperature3 Heating (frosting)4
Defrost portion: Defrost portion:
ഥ
T sT ഥ
no requirement for T sT ≤ 2.50 °F
Cooling, Heating (non-frosting) ഥ − Ttarget ≤ 1.00 °F

T sT ≤ 0.50 °F
Heating portion: Heating portion:

Entering Air Mean Wet Bulb ഥ − Ttarget ≤ 1.50 °F
T sT ≤ 0.75 °F
Temperature3 Heating (frosting)4
Defrost portion:
ഥ No requirement
no requirement for T
3. The “heat portion” shall apply when the unit is in the heating mode except for the first ten minutes after terminating a defrost cycle. The “defrost
portion” shall include the defrost cycle plus the first ten minutes after terminating the defrost cycle.
4. When computing average air temperatures for heating mode tests, omit data samples collected during the defrost portion of the cycle.
94
Values Calculated from

Applicable Operating Data Samples Operating Condition Tolerance
Measurement or Calculation Result Stability Criteria
Mode(s) Limits
Mean Std Dev

Water Flow Cooling, Heating, V𝑤 − Vw,target sV
(Volumetric, Entering) ഥ𝑤
V sVw ≤ 5.000% ≤ 0.750%
Heat Recovery Vw,target 𝑉
Voltage5 ഥ − Vtarget
Cooling, Heating, V sV
(if multiphase, this is the average of ഥ
V sV ≤ 10.00% ≤ 0.500%
Heat Recovery Vtarget 𝑉
all phases)
Frequency5 Cooling, Heating, ωഥ − ωtarget sω
sω ≤ 1.000% ≤ 0.500%
Heat Recovery ωtarget ω
ഥ
5. For electrically driven machines, voltage and frequency shall be maintained at the nameplate rating values within tolerance limits and stability
criteria on voltage and frequency when measured at the locations specified at Appendix C. For dual nameplate voltage ratings, tests shall be
performed at the lower of the two voltages.
95
Values Calculated from

Applicable Operating Data Samples Operating Condition Tolerance
Measurement or Calculation Result Stability Criteria
Mode(s) Limits
Mean Std Dev

Condenserless Refrigerant Saturated
Discharge Temperature Cooling ഥ
T sT ഥ − Ttarget ≤ 0.50 °F
T sT ≤ 0.25 °F
Condenserless Liquid Temperature ഥ ഥ − Ttarget ≤ 1.00 °F

Cooling T sT T sT ≤ 0.50 °F
Steam Turbine Pressure/Vacuum6 Cooling, Heating,
p sp p − prating ≤ 0.500 psid sp ≤ 0.250 psid
Heat Recovery
Gas Turbine Inlet Gas Pressure6 Cooling, Heating,
p sp p − prating ≤ 0.500 psid sp ≤ 0.250 psid
Heat Recovery
Governor Control Compressor Cooling, Heating, n − ntarget sn
Speed7 n sn ≤ 0.500% ≤ 0.250%
Heat Recovery ntarget 𝑛
6. For steam turbine and gas turbine drive machines the pressure shall be maintained at the nameplate rating values within the tolerance limits.
7. For speed controlled compressors the speed shall be maintained at the nameplate rating value within the tolerance limits.
96
Table 11, Definition of Tolerances
Table 11. Definition of Tolerances
Limits Related Tolerance Equations2,3
Full Load minimum: 100%- Tol1
Cooling or heating capacity for units with Full Load maximum:
Capacity
continuous unloading1 100%+ Tol1

Tol1
= 0.105 − 0.07 ∙ %Load
Full Load minimum: 100% - Tol1 0.15
Cooling or heating capacity for units with + 23
Full load maximum: no limit (Full Load shall ∆TFL ∙ %Load
discrete capacity steps
be at the maximum stage of capacity)
∆TFL = Difference between entering and
Minimum of: leaving water temperature at full-load, F
EER
(rated EER) / (100%+ Tol1)
Maximum of: See Figure 3 for graphical representation
kW/tonR of the Tol1 tolerance.
(100%+ Tol1)·(rated kW/tonR)
Minimum of:
COP
(rated COP) / (100%+ Tol1)
Efficiency
IPLV.IP
Minimum of:
NPLV.IP Tol2
(rated EER) / (100%+ Tol2)
EER 0.35
= 0.065 + 24
IPLV.IP ∆TFL
Maximum of:
NPLV.IP See Figure 4 for graphical representation
(100%+ Tol2)·(rated kW/tonR)
kW/tonR of the Tol2 tolerance.
IPLV.IP
Minimum of:
NPLV.IP
(rated COPR) / (100%+ Tol2)
COPR
1.15 ∙ ∆prated
Water Pressure Drop ∆pcorrected ≤ Tol3 Tol3 = max ቊ 25
∆prated + 2 ft H2 O
Notes:
1. The target set point condenser entering temperatures (Figure 1) for continuous unloading units will be determined at the target part load test point.
2. For air-cooled units and evaporatively-cooled units, all tolerances are computed for values after the atmospheric correction is taken into account.
3. %Load, Tol1 and Tol2 are in decimal form.
97
Table 13, Definition of Validity Tolerances
Table 13. Definition of Validity Tolerances

Parameter Limits Related Tolerance Equations3
0.105
Energy Balance1 Ebal ≤ Tol4 × 100% Tol4 = 0.074 − 0.049 ∙ %Load + 26
∆TFL ∙%Load
Voltage Balance2 Vbal ≤ 2.0%

Notes:
1. Energy balance where applicable shall be calculated in accordance with Section C3.4.1.
2. Not applicable to single phase units. Voltage unbalance calculated per Section C3.4.2.
3. %Load and Tol4 are in decimal form.
98
Tolerance and Stability Where to Find It
Parameter Measured Calculated Table 11 Table 12 Table 12 Table 13 Table E2
Tol. Tol. Stab. Tol. Tol.
Water Temps X X X
Flow Rates X X X
Power X
Voltage Average of ALL Phases X X X
Frequency X X X
Volts A X
Volts B X
Volts C X
Mean Air Temp X X X X
Thermopiles X X
Psychrometer X X
Differential Pressure X X
Wet Bulb X X X
Atmospheric Pressure X
Ambient Temp at Site X
Voltage Unbalance X X
Capacity X X X
Efficiency X X
Water Pressure Drop X X
IPLV X X
Energy Balance X X
99
Test Report Requirements
 A written or electronic test report shall be generated including

items for each test point at a specific load and set of operating
conditions. AHRI breaks this down into 3 main parts.
– Data
• Include mean and standard deviation for each measurement value
(refer to Section C7.1)
– Calculations
• Refer to Section C7.2
– Results
• Refer to Section C7.3 and Table C6
 Examples of each will follow
100
Sample Water Cooled Test Report Page 1 – Cooling Mode
WATER COOLED AHRI TEST REPORT
DATA
Date Time of Test
Place of Test
Test Supervisor Witness Personnel
Model Number Serial Number
Unit Voltage Unit Frequency
Refrigerant Motor Nameplate
Test Time Period # Data Point Measurements
Ambient Temperature Atmosheric Pressure(psia)
Standard Standard
Design Mean STDEV Tolerance STDEV
Evaporator Water In
Evaporator Water Out
Evaporator Delta T
Evaporator GPM
Evaporator Delta P test (psid)
Condenser In
Condenser Out
Condenser Delta T
Condenser GPM
Condenser Delta P test (psid)
Power (W input)
Frequency
Voltage A
Voltage B
Voltage C
Voltage Average of all Phases
101
Sample Water Cooled Test Report Page 2 – Cooling Mode
Caculations
Standard Standard
Evaporator Capacity Gross
Density Gross
Specific Heat Gross
Mass Flow Gross
Evaporator Capacity Net
Density Net
Specific Heat Net
Mass Flow Net
Condenser Capacity Gross
Density Gross
Specific Heat Gross
Mass Flow Gross
Evaporator Delta P adjustment (ft H2O)
Condenser Delta P adjustment(ft H2O)
Results
Standard Standard
Design Mean Total STDEV Tolerance STDEV
Power (W input)
Evaporator Capacity Net
Efficiency
Evaporator Delta P Corrected(ft H2O)
Condenser Delta P Corrected(ft H2O)
Energy Balance
Voltage Balance
102
Sample Air Cooled Test Report Page 1 – Cooling Mode
AIR COOLED AHRI TEST REPORT
DATA
Date Time of Test
Place of Test
Test Supervisor Witness Personnel
Model Number Serial Number
Unit Voltage Unit Frequency
Refrigerant Motor Nameplate
Test Time Period # Data Point Measurements
Ambient Temperature Atmosheric Pressure(psia)
Standard Standard
Evaporator Water In 1
Evaporator Water In 2
AVG Evaporator Water In
Evaporator Water Out 1
Evaporator Water Out 2
AVG Evaporator Water OUT
Evaporator Delta T
Evaporator GPM 1
Evaporator GPM 2
AVG Evaporator GPM
Evaporator Delta P test (psid)
Psychrometer 1 Temp
Psychrometer 2 Temp
Entering Air Mean Dry Bulb
Thermopile 1A
Thermopile 1B
Thermopile 2A
Thermopile 2B
Air Discharge Thermocouple 1A
Air Discharge Thermocouple 1B
Air Discharge Thermocouple 2A
Air Discharge Thermocouple 2B
Power (W input) 1
Power (W input) 2
AVG Power (W input)
AVG Frequency
AVG Voltage A
AVG Voltage B
AVG Voltage C
Voltage Average of all Phases
103
Sample Air Cooled Test Report Page 2 – Cooling Mode
Caculations
Standard Standard
Un-Corrected Evaporator Capacity Net
Density Net
Specific Heat Net
Mass Flow Net
Un-Corrected Efficiency
Correction Factor CFQ
Correction Factor CFN
Evaporator Delta P adjustment (ft H2O)
Results
Standard Standard
Design Mean Total STDEV Tolerance STDEV
AVG Power (W input)
Corrected Evaporator Capacity Net
Corrected Efficiency
Evaporator Delta P Corrected(ft H2O)
Voltage Balance
Entering Air Mean Dry Bulb
Mean Dry Bulb - Psychrometer 1
Thermopile 1A - Psychrometer 1
Thermopile 1B - Psychrometer 1
Air Discharge TC 1A - Thermopile 1A
Air Discharge TC 1B - Thermopile 1B
Mean Dry Bulb - Psychrometer 2
Thermopile 2A - Psychrometer 2
Thermopile 2B - Psychrometer 2
Air Discharge TC 2A - Thermopile 2A
Air Discharge TC 2B - Thermopile 2B
Mean Dry Bulb Varation During Test
Entering Water 1 - Entering Water 2
Leaving Water 1 - Leaving Water 2
Evap GPM 1 - Evap GPM 2
Power (W input) 1 - Power (Winput) 2
104
Calculations & Results to Report
Calculations (Section C7.2)
Delta Padj
Delta Tadj
CFQ
CFN
Density, specific heat capacity, and mass flow values for capacity calculations
Report all values of Q used in energy balance calculations
Results (Section C7.3)

Net Capacity Corrected
Gross Capacity (water-cooled only)
Power Input (Winput and Wrefrig as applicable)
Efficiency
Delta Pcorrected
Energy Balance (water-cooled only)
Voltage Balance
Note: All values calculated using the mean value of the recorded data as per Section C6.2
105
APPENDIX D, Derivation of Integrated
Part-Load Value (IPLV)
106
Appendix D
 Appendix D contains details on the derivation of the IPLV as defined by equation 8 and 9 including
the weighting factors and ambient rebalance temperatures
 A single chiller’s design rating condition as defined in table 1 represents the performance at the
simultaneous occurrence of both full-load and design ambient conditions which typically are the
ASHRAE 1% weather conditions. The design efficiency contains no information representative of
the chiller’s operating efficiency at any off-design condition (part-load, reduced ambient).
 The IPLV metric was developed to create a numerical rating of a single chiller as simulated by 4
distinct operating conditions, established by taking into account blended climate data to
incorporate various load and ambient operating conditions.
 The intent was to create a metric of part-load/reduced ambient efficiency that, in addition to the
design rating, can provide a useful means for regulatory bodies to specify minimum chiller
efficiency levels and for Engineering firms to compare chillers of like technology.
 The IPLV value is not intended to be used to predict the annualized energy consumption of a
chiller in any specific application or operating conditions.
 IPLV was intended to be a standard overall rating metric with a weighted full and part load
component. NPLV was created to allow for centrifugal chillers to include a PLV metric for chillers
that can not operate at full load standard rating conditions, but it has been expanded to cover all
water cooled products. Currently it is not a valid metric for air cooled products
107
Appendix D
 There are many issues to consider when estimating the efficiency of chillers in actual use. Neither
IPLV nor design rating metrics on their own can predict a building’s energy use.
 Additionally, chiller efficiency is only a single component of many which contribute to the total
energy consumption of a chiller plant.
 In addition chillers are typically used in multiple configurations and are part of an overall chilled
water HVAC system.
 It is for these reasons that AHRI recommends the use of building energy analysis programs,
compliant with ASHRAE Standard 140, that are capable of modeling not only the building
construction and weather data but also reflect how the building and chiller plant operate.
 In this way the building designer and operator will better understand the contributions that the
chiller and other chiller plant components make to the total chiller plant energy use.
 Modeling software can also be a useful tool for evaluating different operating sequences for the
purpose of obtaining the lowest possible energy usage of the entire chiller plant. To use these
tools, a complete operating model of the chiller, over the intended load and operating conditions,
should be used.
 In summary, it is best to use a comprehensive analysis that reflects the actual weather data,
building load characteristics, operational hours, economizer capabilities and energy drawn by
auxiliaries such as pumps and cooling towers, when calculating the chiller and system efficiency.
 The intended use of the IPLV (NPLV) rating is to compare the performance of similar technologies,
enabling a side-by-side relative comparison, and to provide a second certifiable rating point that
can be referenced by energy codes.
 A single metric, such as design efficiency or IPLV shall not be used to quantify energy savings.
108
APPENDIX E. Chiller Condenser Entering
Air Temperature Measurement
109
Changes To Appendix E for 2015 Version
 Table E2 verbiage changed to clarify the use of “average “

values for tolerance specification (location vs. time).
 Figure E1 revised to show more detail for construction of air

sampling tree.
 Thermopiles or individual thermocouples averaged may be

used with the air sampling trees.
 For part load test points, “Aspirating Psychrometers”

positioned at non operating portions of the coil on the test
chiller may be excluded from the calculations.
110
Recirculation Thermocouple Thermopile Box
1 per air sampling tree.
Example Air Sampling Tree Maximum 5 degree F Delta from
average air inlet of Psychrometer.
Thermocouples wired in
parallel to provide 1
reading per tree.
Air Sampling Tree

MAXIMUM 4 per
“Aspirating
Psychrometer”.
Greater Than 50 Holes.
Thermopiles
Each black strip
represents a
thermocouple.
MINIMUM 16
TREE PLACEMENT
6-12 inches from
coil.
Insulated hose of
equal lengths
connecting to
“Aspirating
Psychrometer”
111
Example Aspirating Psychrometer
VFD
Must maintain 2.5 ft./s
or greater Velocity
through “Air Sampling
Tree ” holes
Temperature
Measurement
Redundant dry and wet
bulb measurements.
112
Additional Information
 Mixing fans can be used to ensure adequate air distribution

in test room
– Rule: Must not point at coil air inlet. Fan exhaust must be 90-
270 degrees to that of the air inlet of coil.
 Air Sampling Trees
– Aspect ratio no greater than 2 to 1
– 1 main flow trunk
– 10-20 branch connections
– Greater than 50 holes
– Minimum of 16 temperature measurement locations per tree
– Tree location 6-12 inches from unit
– Test Setup See figures E3 and E4, Section E6
113
Additional Information
 Aspirating Psychrometers
– Fans for Psychrometer can be manual or automatic
– Maximum of 4 air sampling trees per psychrometer
– Redundant measurement wells for dry and/or wet bulb
measurement
114
Appendix F, Atmospheric Pressure
Adjustment
115
Appendix F, Atmospheric Pressure Adjustment
 Purpose
To prescribe a method of adjusting measured test data
according to local atmospheric conditions.
 Background
To ensure performance can be uniformly compared from one
unit and one manufacturer to another, performance testing
for air-cooled and evaporatively-cooled chillers should be
corrected for air-density variations.
116
 Correction factors based on pressure and not altitude to

include effects of weather variations.
 Part load correction factors are scaled between 1 and the full
load correction based on percentage of full load capacity.
 2015 Standard adds method to adjust test data to
application conditions.
 Correction factor limit changed from 12.23 psia (approx.
5,000 ft) in 2011 Standard to 11.56 psia (approx. 6,500 ft) in
2015 Standard
117
Equations
 The values for the correction factor polynomial equation
coefficients (AQ, BQ, CQ, Aƞ, Bƞ, and Cƞ) are found in Table
F1.
 The definitions of all variables are listed in Table 16.
𝑄𝑒𝑣 ,%𝐿𝑜𝑎 𝑑 −0.35∗ 𝐷𝜂 ∗𝜂 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 ,100% −9.6
DQ = 𝐴𝑄 ∗ 𝑝2 + 𝐵𝑄 ∗ 𝑝 + 𝐶𝑄 𝐶𝐹𝑄 =1+ ∗ 𝐷𝑄 − 1 ∗ 𝑒
𝑃=𝑃𝑡𝑒 𝑡 𝑄𝑒𝑣 ,100%
𝑄𝑒𝑣 ,%𝐿𝑜𝑎 𝑑
Dη = 𝐴𝜂 ∗ 𝑝2 + 𝐵𝜂 ∗ 𝑝 + 𝐶𝜂 𝐶𝐹𝜂 =1+ ∗ 𝐷𝜂 − 1 ∗ 𝑒 −0.35∗ 𝐷𝜂 ∗𝜂 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 ,100% −9.6
118
Equations
 The capacity correction factor equation term (DQ) is used
only in the capacity correction factor equation.
 The efficiency correction factor equation term (Dƞ) is used in
both correction factor equations.
DQ = 𝐴𝑄 ∗ 𝑝2 + 𝐵𝑄 ∗ 𝑝 + 𝐶𝑄
𝑄𝑒𝑣 ,%𝐿𝑜𝑎 𝑑 −0.35∗ 𝐷𝜂 ∗𝜂 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 ,100% −9.6

𝐶𝐹𝑄 =1+ ∗ 𝐷𝑄 − 1 ∗ 𝑒
Dη = 𝐴𝜂 ∗ 𝑝2 + 𝐵𝜂 ∗ 𝑝 + 𝐶𝜂
𝑄𝑒𝑣 ,%𝐿𝑜𝑎 𝑑 −0.35∗ 𝐷𝜂 ∗𝜂 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 ,100% −9.6

𝐶𝐹𝜂 =1+ ∗ 𝐷𝜂 − 1 ∗ 𝑒
119
Equations
 The corrected capacity and efficiency are the tested values
multiplied by the correction factors.
 If efficiency is expressed in kW/tonR, then the tested
efficiency should be divided by the correction factor instead
of multiplying , but efficiency used in correction factor
equations must be in Btu/(W*h).
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 , 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 = 𝑄𝑡𝑒 𝑡 ∗ 𝐶𝐹𝑄 𝑃=𝑃_𝑡𝑒 𝑡
𝜂𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 , 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 = 𝜂𝑡𝑒 𝑡 ∗ 𝐶𝐹𝜂

𝑃=𝑃𝑡𝑒 𝑡
120
Application Rating Conditions
 To correct test data to application conditions, the data is first
corrected to standard conditions then the reverse method is
used to correct to the application rated atmospheric
pressure (Prated).
 The same equations are used for the correction factors, but
with the application atmospheric pressure in place of the
measured test pressure.
 The application capacity and efficiency are the standard
condition corrected values divided by the correction factors.
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 , 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝜂𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑,𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 ,𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝜂𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑,𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝐶𝐹𝑄 𝑃=𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝐹𝜂
𝑃=𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
121
Example – Full Load
122
Example – Part Load
123
Example – Application Conditions
124
Appendix G, Water Pressure Drop
Measurement Procedure
125
APPENDIX G, WATER PRESSURE DROP MEASUREMENT
PROCEDURE – NORMATIVE
 Purpose
To prescribe a measurement method for Water Pressure Drop and, when
required, a correction method to compensate for friction losses
associated with external piping measurement sections. The
measurement method only applies to pipe of circular cross section.
 Background
The aim is to determine measurement uncertainties pertaining to water-
side pressure drop (WPD) dictated by the requirement of a certified test
point. AHRI website (www.ahrniet.org) provides an excel spreadsheet
that can be used for water pressure drop adjustment calculations.
126
APPENDIX G, WATER PRESSURE DROP MEASUREMENT
PROCEDURE – NORMATIVE
 Static pressure (SP) taps in
external upstream/downstream
piping shall be used to measure
chiller WPD
 Adjustment factors are used to
compensate/correct pressure
drop measurement. However,
many studies recommend the
restriction of the use of external
correction factors because they
can be source of potential errors.
 It is recommended to use straight
pipe connections, with adequate
length, for small connection sizes
to minimize SP measurements
errors
127
Appendix G, Water Pressure Drop Measurement
Procedure – Normative
 Larger chillers, with large connection sizes,
may use elbows/reducers/ enlargers,
upstream/downstream, to accommodate
pipe diameter changes. It’s a compromise
between measurement uncertainties and
costs of test facilities.
128
129
130
Measurement Locations
 SP taps may be located in the unit connections (nozzles) if long enough

to meet L/D requirements of Table G1, or in external piping (test
fixtures).
 External piping arrangement shall use rigid pipe. Flexible hose is not
allowed between the unit connections and the pressure taps.
131
Geometrical Requirements for Location of SP
Pressure Taps as per Table G1:
132
Static Pressure Taps
 Static pressure taps will be in a piezometer ring or piezometer

manifold arrangement with a minimum of 3 taps located
circumferentially around the pipe, all taps at equal angle spacing.
 To avoid introducing measurement errors from recirculating flow

within the piezometer ring, each of the pipe tap holes shall have a
flow resistance that is greater than or equal to 5 times the flow
resistance of the piezometer ring piping connections between any
pair of pressure taps.
133
Static Pressure Taps (contin.)
 A “Triple-Tee” manifold arrangement using 4 pipe tap holes is the

preferred arrangement, but not required if meeting the flow
resistance requirement.
134
Appendix G. Water Pressure Drop Measurement
Calculations
Evaporator Condenser
(only applicable to water-cooled type)
Upstream Pipe Downstream Pipe Upstream Pipe Downstream Pipe
Inputs Inputs Inputs Inputs
Straight Expansions Expansions Straight Expansions Expansions

Elbow Straight Elbow Elbow Straight Elbow
Flow and and Flow and and
Pressure Flow Pressure Pressure Flow Pressure
Pressure Reduction Reduction Pressure Reduction Reduction
Drop Pressure Drop Drop Pressure Drop
Drop Pressure Pressure Drop Pressure Pressure
Drop Drop
Drop Drop Drop Drop
෍ ෍
Maximum Pressure Drop correction Maximum Pressure Drop correction

for the Evaporator for the Condenser
135
Inputs
- Water Temperature - Piping Dimensions
- Flow Rate
- Flow Tube Inside Diameter at Static Pressure Measurement Location
Straight Flow Expansions and

Reduction Pressure Elbow Pressure Drop
Pressure Drop
Drop 𝑉2
𝐿 𝑉2 ℎ𝐿 = 𝐾 ∗
ℎ𝐿 = 𝑓 ∗ ∗ 𝑉2 2𝑔
𝑑 2𝑔 ℎ𝐿 = 𝐾 ∗
2𝑔
 hL = Pressure Drop  V = Velocity  d = Greatest pipe inside diameter

 f = Darcy Friction Factor  K = Resistance Coefficient K factor dimension
 g = 32.174 ft/s2 9.80656 m/s2  L = Length
136
𝐿 𝑉2
Straight Flow Pressure Drop ℎ𝐿 = 𝑓 ∗ ∗
𝑑 2𝑔
𝜋∗d2
 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =
4  𝜈(𝑰𝑷) = 7.222𝐸 −9 ∗ 𝑇 4 − 4.632𝐸 −6 ∗
𝑇 3 + 1.138𝐸 −3 ∗ 𝑇 2 − 0.1344 ∗ 𝑇 +
7.588 [lb/ft/hr]
𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒  𝜈 𝑺𝑰 = 0.413379 ∗ 𝜈 𝑰𝑷 [mPa s]
𝑉=
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
0.25
ρ∗V ∗d 𝑓= 2
 Re = (log
ε
+5.
74
)
ν 3.7∗d Re0.9
Commercial Pipe, 𝞮 (rms)

New Condition (ft) (m)
Steel 1.8 x 10-4 5.5 x 10-5
Plastic 6.0 x 10-6 1.8 x 10-5

“Pipe roughness values shall be either actual
measurements or approximations based on
handbook values.”
137
Expansions and Reduction Pressure Drop
𝑉2
ℎ𝐿 = 𝐾 ∗
2𝑔
𝑑1
𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝛽 = 𝑓( , 𝑑 < 𝑑2 )
𝑑2 1
138
Elbow Pressure Drop
𝑉2
ℎ𝐿 = 𝐾 ∗
2𝑔
139
Accuracy and Calibration
 For each instrument device in a measurement system, the calibration process shall identify the
range over which the required accuracy can be achieved.
 AHRI website [www.ahrinet.org] provides an excel spreadsheet which helps determine the range
over which the calibration achieves the required accuracy by taking the following steps:
1) Data is plotted to show the residual errors versus the calibration reference standard
(represented by the black dots on the example figure below).
2) Table C2 and Equations C24 to C30 explain the method of calculating the prediction interval
(represented by the blue lines on the example figure below).
140
Appendix H, Heating Capacity Test
Procedure
141
Appendix H, Heating Capacity Test Procedure –
Normative
 Purpose
To prescribe measurement methods for water-side heating
capacity for Air Source Heat Pump Water-heating Packages
 General
Net Heating Capacity will be determined by water-side
measurements
– Redundant instrumentation is to be used to check for erroneous
measurements
– Heat rejection flow rate shall remain constant
– Heat rejection flow rate shall be at cooling mode test conditions
derived from Table 1 or Table 2 of AHRI Standard 550/590
– All ice or melt must be captured and removed by drain provisions for
the duration of the test
142
Normative
 One of two methods of testing heating capacity shall be
used to evaluate heating performance
– The “T” test procedure described in Section H3 should be used
if test conditions are conducive to frost accumulation
– The “S” test procedure described in Section H2 may be tried first
• If the “S” test requirements cannot be achieved, heating capacity
test shall be conducted using the “T” test procedure
143
Normative
 Overriding automatic defrost controls is prohibited
– Defeating time-adaptive defrost controls shall be done during the official
data collection interval. A defrost cycle shall be manually induced
– Defrost cycles shall always be terminated by the heat pump’s defrost
controls.
• Defrost initiation is defined as occurring when the controls alter normal heating
operation to eliminate possible accumulations of frost.
• Defrost termination is defined as occurring when the controls actuate the first
change in converting from defrost operation to normal heating operation.
 “S” Test Procedure
– Data to be collected throughout preconditioning and data collection
periods
• Sampled at equal one minute intervals
– Dry-bulb Temperature
– Water Vapor content of outdoor side entering air.
• Applicable Table 11 non-frosting parameters used to evaluate equilibrium sampled
at equal 5 minute intervals
– All data collected, except parameters sampled between a defrost initiation
and 10 minutes after defrost termination, shall be used to determine
compliance as specified in Table 11
144
Normative
– Test Room reconditioning apparatus and equipment under test shall
be operated a minimum of 1 hour to attain equilibrium, even if
equilibrium is achieved in less than 1 hour.
– Ending the preconditioning period with a defrost cycle is
recommended for heating capacity tests at low temperatures
• If defrost cycle occurs heat pump shall operate for at least 10 minutes
after defrost cycle before resuming or initiating data collection.
– When preconditioning is completed, data shall be sampled at equal
intervals spanning 5 minutes or less.
• Net Heating Capacity (Qcd) shall be evaluated at equal 5 minute
intervals
• Capacity evaluated at the start of the data collection period (Qcd(τ=0))
shall be saved.
145
Normative
– If preconditioning period ends with a defrost cycle
• Suspend data collection immediately prior to completing 30 minute
interval where Table 11 tolerances are satisfied if;
– Heat pump undergoes a defrost cycle
– Or indoor-side water temperature delta degradation ratio exceeds 0.050
– Or one or more Table 11 non-frosting tolerances are exceeded.
• If “S” test procedure is suspended due to a defrost cycle, the “T” test
procedure shall be used
• If “S” test procedure is suspended due to degradation ratio exceeding
0.050, the “T” test procedure shall be used.
• If one or more Table 11 tolerances is exceeded, another attempt at using
the “S” test procedure shall be made as soon as steady state performance
is achieved.
• If the “S” test procedure is not suspended then sampling shall be
terminated after 30 minutes of data collection.
– The average of the seven (τ=0,1,2,3,4,5,6) samples of the reported Net Heating
Capacity applies.
146
Normative
– If preconditioning period does not end with a defrost cycle
• Suspend data collection immediately prior to completing 30 minute interval
where Table 11 tolerances are satisfied if;
– Heat pump undergoes a defrost cycle
– Or indoor-side water temperature delta degradation ratio exceeds 0.050
– Or one or more Table 11 non-frosting tolerances are exceeded.
• If “S” test procedure is suspended due to a defrost cycle, then another
attempt shall be made beginning 10 minutes after termination of the defrost
cycle.
• If “S” test procedure is suspended due to degradation ratio exceeding 0.050, a
defrost cycle should be manually initiated, if possible, and the test reinitiated
10 minutes after the defrost cycle.
• If one or more Table 11 tolerances is exceeded, another attempt at using the
“S” test procedure shall be made as soon as steady state performance is
achieved.
• If the “S” test procedure is not suspended then sampling shall be terminated
after 30 minutes of data collection.
– The average of the seven (τ=0,1,2,3,4,5,6) samples of the reported Net
Heating Capacity applies.
147
Accompanying Tools
148
Kadj Efficiency Correction Tool
 In ASHRAE 90.1 section 6.4.1.2.1 there is a procedure for adjusting minimum

efficiency requirements for full and part load for non-standard rating conditions
 The procedure is only applicable for water cooled centrifugal chillers
 It allows for equipment not designed to operate at AHRI standard ratings
conditions to be tested to verify compliance with minimum efficiency
requirements
 This is not a requirement for AHRI ratings and certification, but is a procedure
that is applicable to chillers and customer ratings and regulation compliance
 The procedure is complicated and the tool provide a user friendly way to
calculate the adjusted minimum efficiency requirements.
 The tool allows for calculation of kadj for the 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016
standards for both SI and IP ratings
 Note that the applicable standard revision that should be used will depend on
the version of ASHRAE 90.1 or IECC that has been adopted by the local building
efficiency standard
149
Atmospheric Correction
The Atmospheric Correction Tool is designed to assist in converting the altitude of the test
location to enable adjusting the test results back to standard atmospheric pressure at sea
level
• The tool implements Section F3 of Appendix F
• It calculates the following values based upon the data entered into the form
• Capacity Correction Factor DQ
• Efficiency Correction Factor – Dƞ
• Atmospheric correction factor for capacity - CF
• Atmospheric correction factor for efficiency – CFƞ
• The tool will calculate adjusted capacity and efficiency for the 100% load and the part load
point if part load data is entered.
• Corrected test capacity Qcorrected standard
• Corrected test efficiency ηcorrected standard
• To use the tool, one enters
• The altitude of the test location
• The 100% load test capacity
• The 100% load test efficiency
• Any part load test capacity to be corrected
• Any part load efficiency to be corrected
150

AHRI Standard 550-590 IP-551-591 SI 2015-Updates-Add3 PDF

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AHRI Standard 550-590 IP-551-591 SI 2015-Updates-Add3 PDF

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AHRI Standards 550/590 (I-P)-2015

& 551/591 (SI)-2015

 This standard applies to air-cooled and water-cooled chillers in both

 The scope of the standards includes

 Shown is the current 2016 WCCL

 Refer to the WCCL Presentation for

 Shown is the current 2016 ACCL

 Refer to the ACCL Presentation

 Prior editions of Standard 550/590 & 551/591 were silent on

 Definition of significant figures: (Section 3.14)

Significant Figures Rounded Value AHRI Standards 550/590 (I-P)-2015

 Rounding error can be up to ±½ digit beyond the least

 Evaluating rounding error over several orders of magnitude

With only 2 significant

0.50% < 𝜖 ≤ 5.0%

 Evaluating rounding error over several orders of magnitude

0.050% < 𝜖 ≤ 0.50%

 Evaluating rounding error over several orders of magnitude

0.0050% < 𝜖 ≤ 0.050%

 If an acceptance criteria includes a tolerance on the order of

 The next few slides walk through some examples that

 As a gross example, if rounding to the nearest integer, these

 Rating program calculates EER = 11.1449999

12 published rating rounds to 11

 Rating program calculates EER = 11.1449999

12 Due to rounding the limit

 If using 2 significant figures, these are the only possible

 Rating program calculates EER = 11.1449999

 Rating program calculates EER = 11.1449999

12 Due to rounding the limit

 Rating program calculates EER = 11.1449999

error bars show the

 Rating program calculates EER = 11.1449999

error bars show the

10.5 pass (but 50% possibility

 Rating program calculates EER = 11.1449999

 Rating program calculates EER = 11.1449999

error bars show the

 In previous figures, note that the effective width of the

 Excel formula to round a value to a specified number of sigfigs:

➢ For testing, each stability criteria has been statistically

➢ Energy Balance (Tol4) tolerance reduced by 30%

 Fouling Factor Allowances per Table 1 or Table 2 (either

 Added column for significant figures requirement

 Either of the following 2 methods can be used. In both cases,

 Use NIST (National Institute of Standards and

 Use the following polynomial equations to calculate density and specific

 The relationship is based on the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) and

 All symbols and subscripts from the standard and all

Atmospheric pressure psia

Names of test supervisor and witnessing personnel -

Ambient temperature at test site °F

Prime mover nameplate data (motor, engine or turbine). -

Non-electric Drive Fuel specification (if applicable) and calorific value -

Table C5. Optional Auxiliary Data to be Recorded

Type Data Item Units of Measure

 Section C6.2.1, General

 What is not allowed:

 What shall be done:

11 Example of 15 Minute Trend- 30 Points

To generate point: Can

 Section C6.2.1, General

 Section C6.2.1, General