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This document summarizes key aspects of reproduction in animals and plants. It outlines that animals can reproduce asexually through fragmentation or budding, while sexual reproduction involves gamete formation in gonads followed by fertilization and embryonic development. Plants also reproduce asexually, such as through sporulation or vegetative growth, and sexually through structures like stamens and pistils that allow for fertilization and seed production. The document concludes by noting pollination can be facilitated by wind or insects depending on the species.
This document summarizes key aspects of reproduction in animals and plants. It outlines that animals can reproduce asexually through fragmentation or budding, while sexual reproduction involves gamete formation in gonads followed by fertilization and embryonic development. Plants also reproduce asexually, such as through sporulation or vegetative growth, and sexually through structures like stamens and pistils that allow for fertilization and seed production. The document concludes by noting pollination can be facilitated by wind or insects depending on the species.
This document summarizes key aspects of reproduction in animals and plants. It outlines that animals can reproduce asexually through fragmentation or budding, while sexual reproduction involves gamete formation in gonads followed by fertilization and embryonic development. Plants also reproduce asexually, such as through sporulation or vegetative growth, and sexually through structures like stamens and pistils that allow for fertilization and seed production. The document concludes by noting pollination can be facilitated by wind or insects depending on the species.
■■ Asexual reproduction in animals can occur through
fragmentation or budding. ■■ Sexual reproduction occurs in all groups of animals and includes the following phases: first, gametogenesis occurs in the gonads. The male gonads are the testicles and they produce male gametes called sperm. The female gonads are the ovaries and they produce female gametes called eggs. Fertilisation is the second phase and is the union of an egg and a sperm to form a zygote. Embryonic development is the third phase and it can be oviparous, ovoviviparous or viviparous. Finally, post- embryonic development can be direct or indirect. ■■ Asexual reproduction in plants can occur through sporulation or vegetative reproduction, thanks to a variety of reproductive structures in plants. ■■ Sexual reproduction occurs in flowering plants, which have stamens and pistils, where gametes produce seeds after being fertilised. ■■ If the seeds are inside the fruit, they are angiosperms; if not, they are gymnosperms. ■■ Pollination can occur due to the wind (anemogamous) or to insects (entomogamous).