INTEGERS

An integer is what is more commonly known as a whole number. It may be positive, negative,
or the number zero, but it must be whole.

Any integer can be represented on a number line.

Negative numbers Positive numbers

Numbers become larger as we move to the right

Numbers become smaller as we move to the left.

Example

(1) Arrange the following integers in order from least to greatest.

– 9, –11, +1, +17, –5

Ans –11, –9, –5, +1, + 17

(2) Place either > (is greater than) or < (is less than ) between each pair of integers to
make each a true statement.

(i) –9 +3 (ii) –3 +3 (iii) 0 –5 (iv) –1 –19

Ans (i) –9 < +3 (ii) –3 < +3 (iii) 0> –5 (iv) –1 > –19

Adding and Subtracting Integers Using the Number Line.

Use the number line for adding and subtracting integers:

 Add a positive integer by moving to the right on the number line

 Add a negative integer by moving to the left on the number line
 Subtract an integer by adding its opposite
 Addition of Integers Subtraction of Integers

Same Sign – Add and keep the Do not subtract integers. You must
sign change the signs.

Add the absolute value of the Add the opposite

numbers and keep the sign
Different Signs- Subtract and
keep the sign of the larger number.
Subtract the absolute value of the
numbers and keep the sign of the
larger number
KEEP- Keep the sign of the first
number
CHANGE- Change the subtraction
sign to addition
CHANGE- Change the sign of the
second number to the opposite sign.

Now use rules for adding.

Example

(1) Calculate

(i) (-3) + (-4) (ii) (+5) + (-7) (iii) (-11) + (+15)

(iv) (-14) + (+10) (v) (-3) + (-4) + (-5) (vi) (+8) + (-3) + (-5)

(vii) (+7) – (+8) (viii) (-13) – (-10) (ix) (+7) – (-5) – (-2)

Ans

(i) (-3) + (-4) = -7 (ii) (+5) + (-7) = -2 (iii) (-11) + (+15) = +4

(iv) (-14) + (+10) = -4 (v) (-3) + (-4) + (-5) = -12

(vi) (+8) + (-3) + (-5) = 0 (vii) (+7) – (+8) = -1

(viii) (-13) – (-10) = -3 (ix) (+7) – (-5) – (-2) = +14

Exercise

(1) Calculate

(i) (-2) + (+8) (ii) (-11) + (-2) (iii) (+15) + (-7) + (-10)

(iv) (+14) – (+19) (v) (-5) – (-12) (vi) (+14) – (-10) + (-10)
 Multiplying Integers Dividing Integers
Same Sign – Positive Same Sign – Positive

Multiply the numbers. Answer will Divide the numbers. Answer will
be positive be positive

Different Signs- Negative Different Signs- Negative

Multiply the numbers. Answer will Divide the numbers. Answer will
be negative. be negative.

Example

(1) Calculate

(i) (-6) x (+7) (ii) (-9) x (-5) (iii) (-5) x (+5) x (-2)
(9) x(6)
(iv) (+100) ÷ 10 (v) (-8) ÷ (-8) (vi)
(3)

Ans

(i) (-6) x (+7) = -42 (ii) (-9) x (-5) = + 45

(iii) (-5) x (+5) x (-2) = +50 (iv) (+100) ÷ 10 = -10

(9) x(6)
(v) (-8) ÷ (-8) = +1 (vi) = + 18
(3)

Exercise

(1) Calculate

(i) (+4)  (-5) (ii) (-4)  (-8) (iii) (+24)  (-8)

(8) x(5)
(iv) (-3)2 (v)
(10)