MALAYSIAN MS 1944-1:2007

(CONFIRMED:2013)
STANDARD
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

Passenger cars - Test track for a severe lane -

Change manoeuvre - Part 1: Double lane-
change
(ISO 3888-1:1999, MOD)

ICS: 43.040.50
Descriptors: passenger cars, test track, double lane-change, vehicle dynamics, test method

NOTE. This MS has been reviewed by the responsible committee and confirmed that its contents are current

© Copyright 2013
DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA
 DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS

The Department of Standards Malaysia (STANDARDS MALAYSIA) is the national

standards and accreditation body of Malaysia.

The main function of STANDARDS MALAYSIA is to foster and promote standards,

standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national economy, promoting
industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health and safety of the public,
protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and international trade and furthering
international cooperation in relation to standards and standardisation.

Malaysian Standards (MS) are developed through consensus by committees which comprise
balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others with relevant interests,
as may be appropriate to the subject at hand. To the greatest extent possible, Malaysian
Standards are aligned to or are adoption of international standards. Approval of a standard
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 [Act 549].
Malaysian Standards are reviewed periodically. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary
except in so far as they are made mandatory by regulatory authorities by means of
regulations, local by-laws or any other similar ways.

For the purposes of Malaysian Standards, the following definitions apply:

Revision: A process where existing Malaysian Standard is reviewed and updated which
resulted in the publication of a new edition of the Malaysian Standard.

Confirmed MS: A Malaysian Standard that has been reviewed by the responsible
committee and confirmed that its contents are current.

Amendment: A process where a provision(s) of existing Malaysian Standard is altered. The

changes are indicated in an amendment page which is incorporated into the existing
Malaysian Standard. Amendments can be of technical and/or editorial nature.

Technical corrigendum: A corrected reprint of the current edition which is issued to correct
either a technical error or ambiguity in a Malaysian Standard inadvertently introduced either
in drafting or in printing and which could lead to incorrect or unsafe application of the
publication.

NOTE: Technical corrigenda are not to correct errors which can be assumed to have no consequences in the application
of the MS, for example minor printing errors.

STANDARDS MALAYSIA has appointed SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop, distribute
and sell Malaysian Standards.

For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:

Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad

Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Company No. 367474 - V)
Level 1 & 2, Block 2300, Century Square 1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri
Jalan Usahawan Section 2, P. O. Box 7035
63000 Cyberjaya 40700 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA MALAYSIA

Tel: 60 3 8318 0002 Tel: 60 3 5544 6000

Fax: 60 3 8319 3131 Fax: 60 3 5510 8095
http://www.jsm.gov.my http://www.sirim.my
E-mail: central@jsm.gov.my E-mail: msonline@sirim.my
 MS 1944-1:2007

CONTENTS
Page

Committee representative…………………………………………..………………….. ii

Foreword…………………………………..……………………………………………… iii

0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 1

1 Scope……………………………………………………………………………………... 1
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

2 Normative reference.………………………………………………………………….... 1

3 Definition.…………………………………………………………………….…………… 1

4 Specifications……..……………………………………………………………………… 1

Table 1 Dimensions of the double lane- change track………………………….…………… 2

Figures

1 Double lane-change track and designation of sections…………………………….. 2

2 Cone used for making double lane-change track…………………………….…….. 3

3 Placing of cones for making the double lane-change track…….………………….. 3

Annex A Test method…………………………………………………………………………… 4

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2007 - All rights reserved i

 MS 1944-1:2007

Committee representation

The Road Vehicles Industry Standards Committee (ISC L) under whose authority this Malaysian Standard was
developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations:

Automobile Association of Malaysia

Department of Environment Malaysia
Department of Standards Malaysia
Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan
Malaysian Automotive Association
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Motosikal dan Enjin Nasional Sdn Bhd
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

Motorcycle and Scooter Assemblers and Distributor Association of Malaysia (MASAAM)

Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad
Polis DiRaja Malaysia
Proton Vendor Association
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The Technical Committee on Braking, Suspension Systems and Mechanical Support which supervised the
development of this Malaysian Standard consists of representatives from the following organisations:

EP Manufacturing Berhad
FMP Automotive (M) Sdn Bhd
Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan
Malaysian Automotive Association
Mintye Industries Berhad
Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad
Polis DiRaja Malaysia
Qualibrakes Industries Sdn Bhd
Sapura Motor Berhad
SIRIM Berhad (Advanced Materials Research Centre)
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
SIRIM QAS International (Mechanical Product Testing Section)
SIRIM QAS International (Product Certification Section)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The Working Group on Suspension System which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of representatives
from the following organisations:

APM Shock Absorbers Sdn Bhd

Armstrong Auto Parts Sdn Bhd
KYB-UMW Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Malaysian Automotive Association
Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad
Sapura Automotive Industries Sdn bhd
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
SIRIM QAS International (Mechanical Product Testing Section)

ii © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2007 - All rights reserved

 MS 1944-1:2007

FOREWORD

This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Working Group on Suspension System under
the authority of the Road Vehicles Industry Standards Committee.

This standard corresponds to ISO 3888-1:1999, Passenger cars — Test track for a severe
lane-change manoeuvre — Part 1: Double lane-change, published by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the following modifications:

a) in the source text, “this International Standard” should read “this Malaysian Standard”;

b) the comma which is used as a decimal sign (if any) , to read as a point;
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

c) a new third part of this series of standard on “Vehicle preparation prior to testing” has
been established;

d) Clause/Subclause Modifications

i) 3.1 Vehicle width Replace “rear” with “external side”;

Explanation: The modification is issued to reflect the normal term used by local
manufacturers.

ii) 0 Introduction Delete the second paragraph;

Replace the last sentence with “Therefore, it is

possible to use this standard and test results
as a guide only for regulation purposes.”;

iii) Annex A Test Method Replace “informative” with “normative”;

iv) A2 Test procedure Replace “Example of tests” with ”Test procedure”;

Add “The vehicle has to undergo some checkpoints

prior to testing as defined in part 3 of this series of
standard”.

Explanation: The amendments have been made because the standard is to provide a
guideline for the national regulation purposes.

MS 1944 consists of the following parts, under the general title Passenger cars — Test track
for a severe lane change manoeuvre:

- Part 1: Double lane-change

- Part 2: Obstacle avoidance

- Part 3: Vehicle preparation prior to testing

Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2007 - All rights reserved iii

 MS 1944-1:2007

FOREWORD (continued)

NOTE. MOD on the front cover indicates a modified standard i.e. a standard adapted from an International Standard
with permitted technical deviations, which are clearly identified and explained. The changes in structure are permitted
provided that the altered structure permits easy comparison of the content of the standards. Modified standards also
include the changes permitted under identical correspondence.
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

iv © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2007 - All rights reserved

 MS 1944-1:2007

PASSENGER CARS - TEST TRACK FOR A SEVERE LANE-CHANGE

MANOEUVRE - PART 1: DOUBLE LANE-CHANGE

0. Introduction
The severe lane-change manoeuvre is a well-known test method which is generally used for
subjective evaluation of vehicle dynamics.

Since test performed on the severe lane-change track quantifies only a small part of complete
handling characteristics, the results obtained on this test track can only be considered
significant for a correspondingly small aspect of overall vehicle-dynamics behaviour.
Therefore, it is possible to use this standard and test results as a guide only for regulation
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

purposes.

1. Scope

This Malaysian Standard specifies the dimensions of the test track for a closed-loop test
method to subjectively determine a double lane-change which is one part of the vehicle
dynamics and road-holding ability of passenger cars. It is applicable to passenger cars as
defined in MS 1944. It is also applicable to light commercial vehicles up to a gross vehicle
mass of 3.5 t.

2. Normative reference
The following normative reference is indispensable for the application of this standard. For
dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For updated reference, the latest edition of the
normative reference (including any amendments) applies.

MS 1944: Part 3, Passenger cars - Test track for a severe lane change manoeuvre - Part 3:
Vehicle preparation prior to testing

3. Definition

For the purposes of this standard, the following definition applies.

3.1 Vehicle width

Overall width of the vehicle without external side view mirrors.

4. Specifications
4.1 Dimensions of the double lane-change track

Track dimensions for a double lane-change are represented in Figure 1 and specified in Table
1. The vehicle to be tested is driven through this track.

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2007 - All rights reserved 1

 MS 1944-1:2007

The lengths of track sections are fixed. The widths are a function of vehicle width. The total
length of the track shall be 125 m.
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

Key

1 Driving direction 4 Section 1 7 Section 4

2 Lane offset 5 Section 2 8 Section 5
3 Width 6 Section 3 9 Section 6

Figure 1. Double lane-change track and designation of sections

Table 1. Dimensions of the double lane-change track

Dimensions in metres
Section Length Lane offset Width

1 15 - 1.1 x vehicle width + 0.25

2 30
3 25
4 25
5 15
6 15
- -
3.5 1.2 x vehicle width + 0.25
- -
- 1.3 x vehicle width + 0.25
- 1.3 x vehicle width + 0.25

4.2 Marking of the double lane-change track

The double lane-change track shall be marked with cones of minimum height 500 mm;
suitable cones are depicted in Figure 2. The cones shall be placed at points specified by
Figure 3, and the track limits shall be tangential to the base circles of the cones.

2 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2007 - All rights reserved

 MS 1944-1:2007

Dimensions in millimetres
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

Key

1 Base circle of cone

Figure 2. Cone used for marking double lane-change track

Key

1 Driving direction 4 Section 1 7 Section 4

2 Lane offset 5 Section 2 8 Section 5
3 Width 6 Section 3 9 Section 6

Figure 3. Placing of cones for marking the double lane-change track

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2007 - All rights reserved 3

 MS 1944-1:2007

Annex A
(normative)

Test method

A1. Severe double lane-change manoeuvre

A1.1 Principle

The severe double lane-change manoeuvre is a dynamic process consisting of rapidly driving
a vehicle from its initial lane to another lane parallel to the initial lane, and returning to the
initial lane, without exceeding lane boundaries.
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

A1.2 Use as an evaluation method for certain aspects of road-holding ability

The basic idea in the choice of the severe lane-change manoeuvre was to create a test
method for transient road-holding ability with which the closed control loop could be tested in
a situation encountered in traffic.

Originally the proposed test seemed to be suitable for this purpose since the driver was not
only to observe the given lanes but also to select the vehicle path within the track limits.

This process, which could be described as a type of anticipatory control, is of great

importance for the behaviour of the system “driver-vehicle-environment” in actual driving
situations. Here, the task is nearly always to select a proper course and to keep on it with
certain accuracy given the situation.

A1.3 Problems

In trying to keep the test method as simple as possible, the passing time through the course
was first proposed as the sole evaluation criterion. Numerous comparative tests in different
countries led to the conclusion that this criterion was insufficient. For this reason, numerous
measurements were subsequently made in which the vehicle input values and the relevant
responses of the vehicle, together with the subjective evaluation by the drivers, were covered
by different criteria.

The evaluation of all tests gave in detail the following results and demonstrated the following
problems:

- although the test was developed for testing lateral dynamics, it was found that the
longitudinal dynamics (usability of the engine power) had a strong influence, which
explained a considerable amount of scatter in the data and thus reflected on the results;

- the elimination of longitudinal dynamics did not lead to the desired result in the correlation
between individual measured values and subjective evaluation criteria; and

- the different paths followed in different tests also brought about a considerable amount of
scatter in the data and thus the results.

4 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2007 - All rights reserved

 MS 1944-1:2007

A1.4 Consequences

For the reasons given in A1.2 to A1.3, this standard defines only the dimensions of the test
track for subjective evaluation of vehicle dynamics.

A2. Test procedure

A2.1 General

Only skilled drivers shall be allowed to perform the test. A passage is faultless when none of
the cones positioned as specified in 4.2 have been displaced.

The measuring distance, for instance to evaluate the average speed, starts at the beginning
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

of section 1 and finishes at the end of section 5.

The gear or selector position engaged during the test shall be stated in the test report.

The vehicle has to undergo some checkpoints prior to testing as defined in MS 1944: Part 3.

A2.2 Test 1

The recommended speed of entry into section 1 is (80 ± 3) km/h. Higher or lower speed may
be used. The speed of entry shall be mentioned in the test report.

Over the test course the throttle position shall be held as steady as possible.

Further constraints, such as steer strategy used, may be applied.

The speed of exit from section 5 shall be stated in the test report.

Some typical uses of this test are:

- to evaluate, with respect to time, the steer input or motion parameters;

- to evaluate driver-control strategies; and

- to subjectively evaluate the vehicle.

A2.3 Test 2

The speed of entry into section 1 shall be the maximum possible speed to complete the test
course.

Two alternative throttle positions can be considered:

- over the test course the throttle position shall be held as steady as possible; if necessary,
the throttle position suitable for this test condition can be determined by preliminary tests;
and

- any throttle position can be used during the test.

The alternative chosen shall be stated in the test report.

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2007 - All rights reserved 5

 Acknowledgements

TC on Braking, Suspension System and Mechanical Support members:

Assoc Prof Dr Sha’ri Mohd. Yusof (Chairman) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Ms Nik Aida Azura Nik Md Salleh (Secretary) SIRIM Berhad
Mr Azman Taib EP Manufacturing Berhad
Mr P. H. Tan FMP Automotive (M) Sdn Bhd
Tuan Haji Aziz Ishak Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan
Mr Stephen Oo Malaysian Automotive Association
Mr Kwee Choon Yuen Mintye Industries Berhad
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

Mr Zaini Mat Husain Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd

Ms Raja Zaidatul Akhma Raja Fuaddin Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad
(Testing and Homologation)
Mr Jasni Dewa Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad
(Vehicle Programme A)
Mr Zakaria Ismail Polis DiRaja Malaysia
Mr Tan Kim Che Qualibrakes Industries Sdn Bhd
Tuan Haji Mohd. Salleh Jani Sapura Motor Berhad
Dr Talib Ria Jaafar SIRIM Berhad (Advanced Materials
Research Centre)
Mr Mohd. Faizar Mustafa SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
(Mechanical Product Testing Section)
Mr Mansor Abu SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
(Product Certification Section)

Working Group on Suspension system members:

Mr Stephen Oo (Chairman) Malaysian Automotive Association

Ms Nik Aida Azura Nik Md Salleh (Secretary) SIRIM Berhad
Mr Teo Pin Huat APM Shock Absorber Sdn Bhd
Mr Khalili Zulkifli Armstrong Auto Parts Sdn Bhd
Mr Che Mohd Kamil Makhtar KYB-UMW Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Mr Zaini Mat Husain Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
Mr Azrifin Amin Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad
Mr Salim Mat Sapura Automotive Industries Sdn Bhd
Mr Mohd. Faizar Mustafa SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
(Mechanical Product Testing Section)

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2007 - All rights reserved

Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2017 02:30:01 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited

© Copyright 2013
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the Department of Standards Malaysia.