AN ANALYSIS OF CROPS IN CENTRAL JAVA

Kuswandari1, Augustine Suryantoro2, Mulyanto3

1,2,3Master in Economics and Development Studies, University of Sebelas Maret
Surakarta
E-mail: ukiekndari40@gmail.com
Tel: 0895-333-466-833

ABSTRACT
Indonesia is an archipelago country where more than half the total land area
has potential as agricultural land, but only 46.17 percent are already
cultivated. Indonesia in particular should be the breadbasket of Central Java
nationwide, but still continue to do rice imports in order to meet the food
needs of the population. This study other than look backward linkages and
forward (backward and forward linkage), also calculates the impact of
output and income multiplier (multiplier effect) food crops in Central Java.
This study also looked at how changes in food crop sector final demand for
the output of other sectors. The method used was quantitative descriptive,
The results showed that the food crops in 2008 and 2013 is linked to the
lower rear and forward linkages to the high yet this subsector only
dependent on a few sectors.Luberan impact on output and incomes are much
lower when compared to other sectors, especially livestock food industry
sector. The proportion of food crops sector final demand fell more than 10
percent either directly or indirectly.
Keywords: Input Output, backward and forward linkages, multiplier effect,

1. INTRODUCTION
Economic development can be defined as the activities carried out
by a State to develop economic activity and quality of life in society. Todaro
in Arsyad (1999) says that the success of economic development is indicated
by three (3) the principal amount, namely (i) the development of the ability
of people to meet their basic needs (basic needs), (ii) the increased sense of
self-esteem (self esteem) society as a human and (iii) increasing the ability
of people to choose (freedom from servitude), which is one of human rights.
Every country strives to constantly improve its economic
development. Economic development will be considered successful if the
country self-sufficient in perekonomiannnya or to minimize the import of
goods from other countries, either finished or semi-finished goods. Because,
basically, with the strength of the national economy, the society will be
more prosperous. National policies directed in order to accelerate economic
growth Yag be one measure of the success of the region.
Besides economic development is seen as a process by which
interrelations and interplay between the factors that lead to economic
development, is also seen as an increase in per capita income. The increase

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in per capita income are the reception and the onset of improvement in the
economic welfare of the community. Usually the pace of economic
development of a country is shown by using a growth rate of Gross
Domestic Product (GDP).
For Developing Nations, the Indonesian government to prioritize
economic development and improving people's welfare. Economic
development in Indonesia is done by accelerating economic growth in order
to improve the lives of Indonesian citizens. Economic growth measured by
GDP of a region, which is calculated based on the price in the base year /
GDP at constant prices (GDP ADHK).
Referring to the main target in the National Medium Term
Development Plan 2015-2019, one of the general national development
policies geared towards improving economic growth inclusive and
sustainable. High economic growth and sustainable is the main basis for
preparing Indonesia separated from the position as middle income countries
into developed countries. Sustained economic growth is characterized by
the transformation of the economy through the strengthening of agriculture
and mining. Policies are also directed to improved management and value-
added natural resources (SDA) through increased production capacity is to
increase productivity and expanding agricultural areas, increasing
competitiveness and added value of agricultural and fishery commodities,
Indonesia with a total land area of - + 192 million ha, divided into
123 million ha (64.06 percent) is an area of 69 million ha of cultivation and
the rest (35.94 percent) is a protected area. Of the total area of cultivated
area, the potential for agricultural area 101.8 million ha, covering wetlands
area of 25.6 million ha, dry land 25.3 million ha of annual crops and
perennial crops dry land 50.9 million ha. To date, of the area of potential for
agriculture, which has been cultivated into new agricultural areas amounting
to 46.17 per cent (47 million ha). So the remaining 53.83 per cent (54
million hectares) of land with potential for agricultural expansion.
Indonesia is located in the equatorial region is a fertile area and rich
in natural resources. With the number and distribution area of forest, rivers,
swamps, lakes and rainfall are quite high and evenly throughout the year is
actually a natural potential to meet the water needs of agriculture. But in
fact the use of these potentials to develop the agricultural sector is still less
than optimal. This is indicated by the still done on rice imports for the
fulfillment of basic needs.
Rice is the staple food of most of the people of Indonesia, especially
those living in Java and Sumatra. So that rice is one of the important things
that should not be spared from government control. BPS data shows that in
2017 the average rice consumption amounted to 114.6 kilograms per capita
per year, so that efforts to increase the agricultural productivity of food
crops sector continues. However, efforts to increase the role of the
agricultural sector faced some constraints such as land conversion, farmers'
access to technology, financing sources and the market is still low, the
distribution of food production is not evenly distributed either between

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 regions or time, lack of interest young people to engage in agriculture, and
the negative impact of global climate change.
The agricultural sector in Indonesia has a role and contribution of
strategic development. As the country food self-sufficiency, the trend of rice
production in Indonesia showed an increase from the year 2011 amounted
to 65.75 million tons to 81.38 million tons in 2017. Thus, the agricultural
sector, especially food crops should be a priority in development. But in its
development, the contribution of this sector is less than optimal in
development. Indonesia's economic growth is largely supported by industry
sector, Agriculture, and Trade, fluctuated steadily declining from 6.17 per
cent in 2011 to 5.02 in 2016.

2. THEORETICAL BASIS
2.1 Agricultural Economic Development
According to Kuznets (1964), the role of agriculture in
developing country (Low Developing Countries / LDCs) have four
contributions to the growth and development of the national economy,
namely (1) the contribution of the product, which is defined as the
dependence of other sectors such as industry and services, make
expansion or expansion of the agricultural sector output growth in both
the supply and demand side. (2) The contribution of the market, which
makes the agricultural sector is an important source of growth in
domestic demand for products from other economic sectors. (3)
Contribution factors of the product, where agriculture is a source of
capital for investment in other economic sectors. (4) The contribution
of foreign exchange, where one of the activities is to implement
international Perdaganagan,
2.2 Meeting the Needs Food
The Republic of Indonesia has an obligation in meeting food
needs in accordance Republic Act No.18 of 2012 on Food. States that
(1) Food is a basic human need that is most important and is part of the
fulfillment of human rights guaranteed in the Constitution of the
Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 as a basic component for realizing the
quality of human resources; (2) that the State is obliged to realize the
availability, accessibility, and compliance with food consumption
pretty safe, quality and nutritionally balanced, both at national and local
level to individual evenly across the territory of the Republic of
Indonesia over time by utilizing resources, institutional and local
culture;
2.3 Table Input Output
Model Input Output or Input Output was first introduced by
Professor Wassily W. Leontif in the 1930s. According to BPS (2008)
understanding Input Output Table is a table that presents information
about goods and services transactions that occur between economic
sectors as well as the interrelationship between one sector to the other
sectors in the region in a given period with the form of presentation in

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 the form of a matrix. Fields along the lines of Input Output shows how
the output of a sector is allocated to meet the demand for intermediate
and final demand, and on the creation of value added shows the
composition of sectoral value added.
While each column shows the use of intermediate inputs and
primary input by a sector of the production process. In other words, the
use of Input Output can show how the output of an economic sector is
distributed to other sectors and how well a sector obtain the necessary
input from other sectors. Analysis Input Output (IO analysis) shows that
in the overall economy and dependence contain sectoral linkages,
which outputs a sector are inputs to other sectors and vice versa. This
shows that there is a link that takes them toward balance (equilibrium)
between demand and supply in the economy as a whole.

3. METHODS OF ANALYSIS
The method used in this study was quantitative descriptive, which is
a translation of the input-output analysis approach. Analysis of the data in
Table Input Output is a detailed information about the input and output
sectors, so as to illustrate the linkages between sectors in economic
activities. The output produced by an economic sector can be distributed to
two types of users, namely the production sector and the end consumer
sectors. These types of users in the production sector, using the output of a
sector used as input to other sectors in the production process. Type the user
to final consumers using the output of a sector used as end demand.
Intermediate inputs can occur outflow of goods and services between
sectors. That is, that of sector i to sector j the displacement or vice versa.
Just as in the sector itself, the displacement occurs from sector i to sector j
if i = j. This can be denoted in a general form, as follows:

Xi + Fi

Where :
Xi = Total output of sector i
Xij = Demand among the sector i to sector j
Fi = Total final demand of sector i
i = 1,2,3, ...
j = 1,2,3, ...
3.1 Analysis of linkages between sectors
Forward linkage analysis is an analytical tool to determine the
degree of linkage between a sector that generates output, which are used
as inputs by other sectors. While the analysis of backward linkages is a
linkage derived from the mechanism of use of production inputs.
With the mathematical formulation, backward linkages directly
as follows:

B (d) i =

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 While the linkage to the front can be formulated as follows:
F (d) j =

Where: αij = coefficient input

3.2 Analysis of the impact multiplier (multiplier effect)
The multiplier is a measure of the response to stimuli changes
in an economy, expressed in terms of causality. Imbasan influence total
consumption is calculated as i b * ij - ibij, where b * ij is the inverse
matrix coefficients bij are closed and open inverse matrix coefficients.
While the impact of induced consumption (consumption induced
impact) on revenue is calculated by multiplying the cells in the matrix
inverse bij and b * ij, with a coefficient of household income pi.
Luberan impact is calculated as the difference between the total
impact with the initial impact, so the impact on the economy's output is
luberani(B * ij - 1). So is the impact of income luberan formulated
asi (B * ij pi - pi).
3.3 Impact of Multiple Output Detailed
Effect of induced consumption to output detailed by sector is
calculated as b * ij - bij, whereas on revenue is calculated as (b * ij pi)
- (bij pi). Detailed luberan impact on output is calculated as b * ij - 1,
whereas on revenue is calculated as b * ij pi - pi.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Descriptive Analysis.
The agricultural sector in Central Java province contributed the
second largest after the industrial processing of PRDB. The
manufacturing sector contributes over 30 percent of the largest in the
period 2011-2017. Followed by agriculture, forestry and fisheries is
above 15 percent, and wholesale and retail trade sector; repair of cars
and motorcycles with an average contribution of 14 percent per year.
This proves that the agricultural sector still provides a substantial
contribution as a driver of the economy. Agricultural real role in this
context is as a provider of jobs for people and the main source of income
of farmers.

Table 1. Contributions GRDP by Industrial Origin Series 2010

in Central Java Year 2011-2017
Business 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
field
1 15.94 15.87 15.84 15,22 15.55 15.06 14.09
2 2.02 1.95 1.94 2.13 2.30 2.51 2.53
3 34.88 34.95 35.21 35.67 35.08 34.90 34.96
4 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
5 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06
6 9.96 10,13 10.01 10,13 10.23 10.24 10.36

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 7 14.88 14.22 13.97 13.54 13.36 13.43 13.60
8 2,84 2,81 2.85 3.00 3.14 3.05 3.20
9 2.98 2,96 2,95 3.01 3.06 3.18 3.20
10 3.29 3.24 3.11 3.08 3.02 3.03 3.30
11 2.74 2,84 2,82 2.77 2,82 2.93 2.97
12 1.67 1.62 1.60 1.63 1.66 1.66 1.67
13 0.30 0.30 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.36 0.38
14 2.98 3.04 2.97 2,86 2,86 2,86 2,79
15 3.17 3.75 4.04 4.17 4.15 4.27 4.38
16 0.70 0.76 0.78 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.87
17 1.49 1.39 1.42 1.48 1.45 1.52 1.55
GRDP 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Information:
1. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries
2. Mining and excavation
3. Processing industry
4. Procurement Electricity and Gas
5. Water Supply, Waste Management, Waste and Recycling
6. Construction
7. Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair Cars and Motorcycles
8. Transportation and Warehousing
9. Provision of accommodation and Eat Drink
10. Information and Communication
11. Financial Services and Insurance
12. Real estate
13. Company services
14. Administration, Defense and Compulsory Social Security
15. Education services
16. Health Services and Social Activities
17. Other services
Source: CBS, 2011-2017
Sizeable agricultural sector's contribution to GDP with the
highest rate in 2011 was 15.94 percent and continued to decline in 2017
with a decline of 1.85 percent. But when you see the pace of economic
growth, the agricultural sector has a growth rate that is relatively small
when compared with other sectors of the GDP. (Presented in Table 2).

Table 2. The rate of the GDP Sectoral Economy Series 2010

in Central Java Year 2011-2017
Business 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
field
1 3.83 3.04 2.15 -0.95 5.60 2.28 1.46
2 2.19 5.30 6,17 6.66 4.57 18.98 5.19
3 5.19 6.72 5.45 6.61 4.71 4.10 4.35
4 7.33 9.97 8,31 6.50 2.43 4.57 5.22
5 2,27 -1.39 0.23 3.45 1.63 2.17 6.51

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 6 2.23 6,33 4.90 4.38 6.00 6,52 7,13
7 8.23 1.85 4.72 4.79 4.09 5.61 6.10
8 4.17 6,64 9.33 9.26 7.69 4.91 6.30
9 5.57 5.31 4.51 7.61 6.79 6,40 6,59
10 8,03 9.74 7.99 13.00 9.53 8,31 13.27
11 4.14 3.57 3.89 4.12 7.61 9.11 5.38
12 6.08 5.43 7.70 7.19 7.59 6,80 6.49
13 9.33 7.08 12.12 7.97 8,49 10.62 8.72
14 2.57 0.50 2.65 0.78 5.31 2.37 2.57
15 18.41 17.55 9.53 9.37 7.55 7.64 7.15
16 9.74 10.33 7,12 11.37 6.61 9.86 8.60
17 2,69 0.70 9.24 8.50 3.21 8.62 8.99
GRDP 5.30 5.34 5.11 5.27 5.47 5.27 5.27
Source: CBS, 2011-2017
Unlike other sectors were relatively stable, the rate of growth in
the agricultural sector continued to decline in the 2011-2014 period.
Conditions of the agricultural sector took a big hit in 2014 with a
negative growth rate of 0.95 percent. Although 15 percent of the GDP
was supported by the agricultural sector, but the growth rate is still far
below the services sector. Or it can be said that the agricultural sector
is still cultivated by the people of Indonesia, does not have good
economic prospects going forward. However, the agricultural sector
still remains the livelihood of most citizens of Indonesia, a lot of labor
and then cultivate the farm to meet their needs. When viewed from the
potential that exists,
Table 3. Number of working population a week ago
in Central Java in 2011-2016
Year
Sector
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 34.51 31.77 31.41 31.26 28.66 30.69
2 0.50 0.56 0.42 0.53 0.76 0.75
3 19.35 20.37 18,85 19.17 19.88 19.69
4 0.18 0.16 0.12 0.17 0.23 0.23
5 6.94 7.38 5.87 7.67 8.67 8.67
6 20.68 21.32 22.43 22.45 22.48 22.48
7 3.52 3.35 3.75 3.55 3.33 3.33
8 1.64 1.73 1.91 1.95 2.09 1.83
9 12.68 13,34 15.24 13.26 12.62 12.34
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Information:
1. Agriculture
2. Mining and excavation
3. Processing industry
4. Procurement of Electricity, Gas, and Water
5. Building
6. Trading

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 7. Transport, Storage and Communication
8. finance
9. service
Source: BPS, Sakernas 2011-2016
In the last five years (2011-2016) the population of Central Java
who worked in the agricultural sector around 28 percent to 34 percent
of the labor force population of Indonesia. This proves that the
agricultural sector is still dominated employment sectors in Indonesia.
With the high number of workers as well as the contribution to the GDP
sectors in Central Java, should economic growth rate in the sector is
further enhanced. Therefore the role of agricultural innovation is very
important in encouraging improvements in labor productivity of
agricultural sector in order to align with other sectors so that the role of
agriculture as an economic driver is increased.
4.2 Input Output Analysis.
4.2.1 Rear linkage
The results showed that a direct link back to both 2008 and 2013 in
the sector (1) crops is very low. Sector (15) animal food industry is a
primary sector because this sector has backward linkages index is high and
the spread index to a low back or in other words, this sector relies equally
to all sectors in the economy.
Table 4. Direct linkage to Back,
2008 and 2013
Sector 2008 2013
Backward Deployment Backward Deployment
Linkages Backward Linkages Backward
1 0.2511 0.1999 0.2923 0.0957
12 1.3946 0.4420 1.4666 0.2590
14 1.0793 0.5712 1.1294 0.3564
15 10.8147 0.0570 10.9844 0.0378
17 1.1192 0.5510 0.4833 0.9225

4.2.2 Linkage to the Future

Sector (1) crops have a high exposure index well in 2008 and 2013,
but the index spread is also quite high. This shows that food crops rely only
on a few sectors. Sector (11) oils and fats industry is considered capable of
being the leading sectors for the index have forward linkages are quite high
but has a low prevalence index.
Table 4. Direct linkage to the Future,
2008 and 2013
Sector 2008 2013
Linkages to Spreading to Linkages to Spreading to
Home Home Home Home
1 12.4999 1.6878 12.4300 1.8532

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 11 3.6391 0.4861 3.0834 0.6264
15 0.5424 1.2207 0.5413 1.3355
19 2.2963 0.2958 2.2404 0.3311
21 0.8779 0.2441 0.9670 0.2419

4.2.3 Impact analysis

Induced impact is defined as induced consumption due to increased
household income as a result of increased demand for the output end of a
sector. A decline in the value of output and the impact on revenue.

Table 9. Impact of the contagious nature of consumption in 2008 and 2013

Sector 2008 2013
Impact on Impact on Impact on Impact on
Output Revenue Output Revenue
1 0.5975 0.0826 0.3405 0.0519
4 1.1019 0.1524 0.5159 0.0787
5 1.7342 0.2398 1.1218 0.1711
8 1.2914 0.1786 0.6261 0.0955
9 1.2553 0.1736 0.6347 0.0968
15 4.0843 0.5648 2.2091 0.3370
18 1.0453 0.1445 0.5009 0.0764
20 1.1010 0.1522 0.5302 0.0809
21 1.0184 0.1408 0.5900 0.0900
23 2.5527 0.3530 1.2982 0.1980
24 1.5192 0.2101 0.7176 0.1095

Table 9 shows that in 2008 increased to Rp 1000 final demand sector

output (1) crops will result in increased household income of Rp 597.5. The
highest impact on the sector (15) animal food industry, where the impact of
the contagious nature of consumption is almost 8 times higher than the
sector (1) crops. Induced impacts of consumption to income also decreased
from 2008 to 2013. The impact value of 2008 amounted to 0.0826 suggests
that if there is increased demand on the output end of the sector (1) crops
amounted to Rp 1000 it will have an impact on increasing the income of
workers in all sectors Rp 82.6.
Luberan impact is defined as the net impact that occurs in all sectors
of the economy due to the initial impact, so the impact of overflow is
considered more reflective of the size of an impact. Table 10 shows that the
impact of the sector luberan (1) crops in 2008 amounted to 0.8052 which
means that the increased demand for the output of the sector (1) crops
amounted to Rp 1.000 generate net impact of overall economic output
amounting to Rp 805.2, of which 23 percent occurred in the sector (1) crops,

9
 21 percent in the sector (11) industrial oils and fats, 15 percent in the sector
(19) trading, and the rest almost evenly across all sectors of the economy.
This figure is much lower than the value of the impact on the sector (15)
industrial fodder Rp 11.7599.

Table 10. Overtopp ng Impact Year 2008 and 2013

Sector 2008 2013
Luberan Luberan Luberan on
Luberan on
against against Revenue
Revenue
Output Output
1 0.8052 0.1113 0.5553 0.0831
5 3.4700 0.4448 3.2668 0.4413
8 1.8168 0.2483 1.0739 0.1598
12 1.7071 0.2184 1.3800 0.1885
14 1.8601 0.2520 1.4087 0.2004
15 11.7599 1.4983 9.5513 1.2916
17 1.8673 0.2466 0.6294 0.0873
18 1.7722 0.2512 1.1575 0.1779
20 1.8285 0.2514 1.3178 0.1917
23 3.1390 0.4378 1.7204 0.2627
24 1.9467 0.2715 1.1197 0.1688

4.2.4 Impact of Multiple Output Sector Food Crops

Based on numerical computation food crop sector output multipliers
obtained the results as presented in Table 8. The increase in final demand
sectors (1) crops amounted to Rp 1,000, will directly increase demand for
the whole economy output amounted to Rp 1,425, of which 61 percent due
to increased demand sectors (1 ) crops, the sector (5) farm 11 per cent, the
sector (8) agricultural services 2 percent, (16) the chemical industry and
fertilizer 4 percent, (18) the building 2 percent, (19) trading 9 percent, the
sector ( 21) transport 4 percent, (22) financial 3 percent, and the sector (24)
services 2 percent.

Table 8. Changes in Food Crop Sector Output Against Other Sectors 2008
Sub Consumpti
Sector Early Directly Indirect Total luberan
Total on
1 1 0.0870 (61) 0.0316 (49) 1.1186 0.06921 1.1878 0.1878
2 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0001 (0) 0.0001 0.02558 0.0257 0.0257
3 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0000 (0) 0.0000 0.00029 0.0003 0.0003
4 0 0.0002 (0) 0.0003 (0) 0.0004 0.00466 0.0051 0.0051
5 0 0.0160 (11) 0.0023 (4) 0.0183 0.01982 0.0381 0.0381
6 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0001 (0) 0.0001 0.00132 0.0015 0.0015
7 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0000 (0) 0.0000 0.00790 0.0079 0.0079

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 approxi approxi
mately mately
8 0 0.0036 (2) 0.0004 (1) 0.0040 0.00026 0.0042 0.0042
9 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0003 (0) 0.0003 0.00071 0.0010 0.0010
10 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0001 (0) 0.0001 0.00890 0.0090 0.0090
11 0 0.0003 (0) 0.0088 (13) 0.0091 0.16298 0.1720 0.1720
12 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0003 (0) 0.0003 0.03766 0.0379 0.0379
13 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0001 (0) 0.0001 0.00436 0.0045 0.0045
14 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0001 (0) 0.0001 0.00973 0.0098 0.0098
15 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0035 (5) 0.0035 0.00432 0.0078 0.0078
16 0 0.0061 (4) 0.0013 (2) 0.0074 0.00247 0.0098 0.0098
17 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0010 (2) 0.0010 0.01491 0.0159 0.0159
18 0 0.0034 (2) 0.0013 (2) 0.0047 0.00447 0.0092 0.0092
19 0 0.0135 (9) 0.0059 (9) 0.0194 0.09831 0.1177 0.1177
20 0 0.0001 (0) 0.0008 (1) 0.0009 0.02210 0.0230 0.0230
21 0 0.0055 (4) 0.0033 (5) 0.0088 0.05391 0.0627 0.0627
22 0 0.0043 (3) 0.0021 (3) 0.0064 0.02143 0.0278 0.0278
23 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0002 (0) 0.0002 0.00223 0.0024 0.0024
24 0 0.0025 (2) 0.0014 (2) 0.0039 0.01999 0.0239 0.0239

Tahun 2013 terjadi penurunan proporsi permintaan akhir sektor

tanaman pangan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Peningkatan
permintaan akhir sektor (1) tanaman pangan sebesar Rp 1.000, secara
langsung akan meningkatkan permintaan output seluruh perekonomian
sebesar Rp 1.574, dimana 49 persen karena meningkatnya permintaan
sektor (1) tanaman pangan, sektor (5) peternakan 5 persen, sektor (8) jasa
pertanian 2 persen, sektor (16) industri kimia dan pupuk 14 persen, sektor
(18) bangunan 5 persen, sektor (19) perdagangan 10 persen, sektor (21)
angkutan 6 persen, sektor (22) keuangan 5 persen, dan sektor (24) jasa-jasa
3 persen.

Tabel 8. Perubahan Sektor Tanaman Pangan Terhadap Output Sektor-

Sektor Lain, 2013
Tidak Sub
Sektor Awal Langsung Konsumsi Total Luberan
Langsung Total
1 1 0.0766 (49) 0.0199 (35) 1.0965 0.04592 1.1424 0.1424
2 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0001 (0) 0.0001 0.01321 0.0133 0.0133
3 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0000 (0) 0.0000 0.00033 0.0004 0.0004
4 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0002 (0) 0.0002 0.00276 0.0030 0.0030
5 0 0.0080 (5) 0.0010 (2) 0.0090 0.01604 0.0250 0.0250
6 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0002 (0) 0.0002 0.00052 0.0007 0.0007
7 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0000 (0) 0.0000 0.00311 0.0031 0.0031
8 0 0.0036 (2) 0.0003 (1) 0.0039 0.00017 0.0041 0.0041
9 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0006 (1) 0.0006 0.00039 0.0010 0.0010
10 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0001 (0) 0.0001 0.00496 0.0051 0.0051
11 0 0.0007 (0) 0.0104 (18) 0.0111 0.08233 0.0935 0.0935

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 12 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0002 (0) 0.0002 0.01884 0.0190 0.0190
13 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0002 (0) 0.0002 0.00242 0.0026 0.0026
14 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0001 (0) 0.0001 0.00642 0.0065 0.0065
15 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0022 (4) 0.0022 0.00436 0.0065 0.0065
16 0 0.0226 (14) 0.0025 (4) 0.0251 0.00229 0.0274 0.0274
17 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0012 (2) 0.0012 0.01087 0.0120 0.0120
18 0 0.0071 (5) 0.0020 (3) 0.0091 0.00264 0.0118 0.0118
19 0 0.0160 (10) 0.0058 (10) 0.0218 0.05049 0.0723 0.0723
20 0 0.0002 (0) 0.0005 (1) 0.0007 0.01442 0.0151 0.0151
21 0 0.0091 (6) 0.0041 (7) 0.0132 0.02837 0.0416 0.0416
22 0 0.0086 (5) 0.0035 (6) 0.0121 0.01035 0.0224 0.0224
23 0 0.0000 (0) 0.0002 (0) 0.0002 0.00787 0.0080 0.0080
24 0 0.0048 (3) 0.0022 (4) 0.0071 0.01144 0.0185 0.0185

5. CONCLUSION
5.1 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subsektor tanaman pangan
tahun 2008 dan 2013 mempunyai keterkaitan ke belakang yang
rendah dan keterkaitan ke depan yang tinggi namun subsektor ini
hanya tergantung pada beberapa sektor saja.
5.2 Dampak luberan terhadap output dan pendapatan sektor tanaman
pangan jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan sektor industri makanan
ternak maupun sektor lainnya di Jawa Tengah, walaupun
perubahan nilai dampak di tahun 2013 tidak terlalu tinggi.
5.3 Proporsi permintaan akhir sektor tanaman pangan turun lebih dari
10 persen baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.

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