Detailed Guidelines for a Major Project

TITLE OF MAJOR PROJECT

Page No.
a. Certificates (to be taken out separately)
b. Acknowledgements (gives thanks to all concerned)
c. Contents
d. List of Figures
e. List of Tables
f. Abbreviations Used
g. Symbols Used
h. Abstract (Overview of the research in a single page preferably)

CONTENT PAGE
Page No.
1. Introduction .....................................................................................................
2. Literature Review ............................................................................................
3. Technology Adapted ( in Project Work) .................................
4. Project Work Methodology (followed in this Project Work) ..............
5. Mathematical/Software Modelling/ Hardware Design....................................
6. Implementation and Results ............................................................................
7. Results Analyses and Discussions ..................................................................
8. Conclusions and Future Scope ........................................
 References (using an appropriate format with first the surname of author).......
 Bibliography .........................................................................................
 Appendices - An appendix contains material which is too detailed to include in the
report..........................................................................

<Examples are given below>

Setup for page Margin (all measurements are in cm. only) <Example>

2.5 cm

2.00 cm
3.00 cm A- 4 Size

Paper

2.5 cm
FORMAT OF COVER PAGE (Hard Bound)<Example><Maroon colour >

TITLE OF PROJECT WORK

<Centre><Times New Roman – 20 pt.>

A
Major Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Degree
of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Submitted to
<centre><Times New Roman – 14 pt.>

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidhyalaya, Bhopal M.P.

Name of Students (Enrollment No.)

<Times New Roman – 14 pt.>
Under the supervision of
Asst. Prof. ...........................

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

IES COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL
Month, Year
<Times New Roman – 14 pt.>
 <Example of Certificate>
IES COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL
<Times New Roman-16 pt.>

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

CERTIFICATE
SESSION – 2016 -17

This is to certify that the work embodies in this synopsis entitled ‘Title of
Project Work’ being submitted by Name of Students (Enrollment No.) for
partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of ‘Bachelor of
Engineering’ in ‘Electrical & Electronics Engineering’ discipline to Rajiv
Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.) during the academic
session 2016- 17 is a record of bonafied piece of work, undertaken by him the
supervision of the undersigned.

<Times New Roman-14 pt., Line spacing-1.5 pt., Justify>

Approved and Supervised by:

Guide Name with designation

Forwarded By:

HOD Principal
Name Name
(Department of Electrical & (IES College of Technology, Bhopal)
Electronics Engineering, ICOT,
Bhopal)

Date: ……………
 <Example of Certificate of approval>
IES COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL
<Times New Roman-16 pt.>

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
SESSION – 2016 -17

The Major Project entitled ‘Title of Project Work’ being submitted by Name
of Students (Enrollment No.) has been examined by us and is hereby approved
for the award of degree ‘Bachelor of Engineering’ in ‘Electrical &
Electronics Engineering’ for which it has been submitted. It is understood that
by this approval the undersigned do not necessarily endorse or approve any
statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein, but approve the
Major Project only for the purpose for which it has been submitted.

<Times New Roman-14 pt., Line spacing-1.5 pt., Justify>

(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)

Date: Date:
 <Example of Acknowledgment>

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I like to express my sincere gratitude to my research guide, Guide’s Name, Asst.

Professor, DEEE, ICOT Bhopal for his valuable guidance and encouragement which he gave
throughout the research. This feat was possible only because of the unconditional support
provided by him, a person with an amicable and with positive energy.
I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank to our group Director Name of Director,
for his/her guidance, understanding, patience and motivation during my major project work at
ICOT, Bhopal. Her mentorship helped me during this work and writing of this project work.
I would also like to thank Principal’s Name Principal, ICOT, and Bhopal for his
valuable suggestion and continuous support that facilitated me to carry out that work
satisfactorily. I also extend my gratitude to all faculty members and the staff of DEEE who
have motivated and guided me time-to-time.
I would like to thank my parents Father’s Name and Mother’s Name. My family has
always been there for me spiritually, emotionally, psychologically and financially when
needed. This dissertation is dedicated to my lovely family.
Above all, I owe it all to Almighty God for granting me the wisdom, health and
strength to undertake this research task and enabling me to its completion.

Student’s Name (Enrollment No.)

<Acknowledgment is the view of researcher towards the project guide, facility provided by institute, department and support from family.>
 <Examples of Abstract> <Times New Roman – 12 pt., 1.5 pt. line spacing>

ABSTRACT
<Summary of overall project>

With the development of electric power system and continues interconnection of

regional electric grids, the stability problem becomes more complex in nature, especially low
frequency oscillation which play an important role to influence the stability and efficient
operation of inter connected grids. The low frequency oscillations in the power system
network especially the inter-area oscillations (0.1 to 1 Hz) is the key factor that influence the
stable operation of interconnected grids and limits the transmission capacity of large-scale
power system. Inter-area oscillations mainly represent the power oscillations among different
generators located in different area of power systems. In the local control strategies adopted,
local control signals for the controller can’t achieve the effective damping control for these
inter-area oscillations.

The major work in this dissertation is to select the most suitable stabilizing feedback
signal to the wide area controller. The selection of most suitable stabilizing feedback signal to
the wide-area controller is the key objective of the controller design. In this dissertation two
different methods of signal selection for wide area damping controller of power system have
been exercised with emphasis on damping of critical inter area mode. The methods of signal
selection discussed include approach based on residue and geometric measure of joint
controllability/observability. The controller design and structure have been kept simple. The
controller used in this dissertation is as simple as a two channel lead-lag compensator based
Power System Stabilizer. The methods of signal selection were illustrated on Kundur’s two
area four machine system. The effectiveness in damping of the critical inter area mode was
assessed by both small disturbance and large disturbance stability analysis.

In order to perform the small disturbance analysis a step change in reference voltage
has been applied to the Generator no. 1. In this context the responses of the power system
showed that the geometric measure of controllability/observability is the best method of
signal selection among the two in case of small disturbance.
 <Example for Table of Contents>

CONTENTS

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.2 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION FOR THIS PROJECT WORK ...............Error!

Bookmark not defined.

1.3 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3.1 Rotor angle stability: ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3.2 Small Signal Stability: ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3.3 Voltage Stability ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT WORK................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER-3 TECHNOLOGY ADAPTED ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2 EXCITATION SYSTEM OF GENERATOR ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3 POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER (PSS) ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3.1 Design Considerations ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4 METHODS OF PSS DESIGN ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.1 Pole-placement method: .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.2 Pole-shifting method: .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.3 Eigen value Sensitivity Analysis ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.4 Quantitative Feedback theory .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.5 Sliding Mode control ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.6 Reduced Order Model ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.7 H2 Control ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.8 Adaptive control ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.9 Genetic Algorithm ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

 3.4.10 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.11 Fuzzy Logic ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.12 Neural Network ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.13 Tabu Search ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.14 Simulated Annealing ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.15 Lyapunov Method ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.16 Dissipative Method ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.17 Gain Scheduling Method ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.18 Phasor Measurement.............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.5 POWER SYSTEM MODEL .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.6 PROPOSED CONTROLLED STRUCTURE ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.7 DESIGN OF AVR AND PSS USING COVENTIONAL METHODS ..................Error!

Bookmark not defined.

3.7.1 Root-Locus Approach (Lead-Lead compensator) ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.7.2 State – Space Approach ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER-4 IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2 TEST SYSTEM .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3 RESULTS FROM ROOT LOCUS DESIGN ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.1 Comparison between rise time and maximum overshoot for different value of
proportinal and integral votage regulator ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.4 STATE SPACE METHOD ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER-5 COLCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

REFERENCE……………………....................………………………….………………....30

APENDIX-A………………………………………………………………………………..31

APENDIX-B………………………………………………………………………………..32
 ******************

<Example for list of figures>

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Classification of Power System Stability ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3.1 Single - Machine Infinite - Bus System ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3.2 Control Structure of the single - machine infinite - bus systemError! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 4.1 Single - Machine Infinite - Bus System .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4.2 Simulink model of the single - machine infinite busError! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 4.3 Step response for regulation loop for different Ki valuesError! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 4.4 Comparison of step response of uncompensated and compensated systems for
terminal voltage ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4.5 Comparison of step response of uncompensated and compensated systems for rotor
speed deviation ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4.6 Comparison of step response of uncompensated and compensated systems for
power delivered to infinite bus ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4.7 Step response comparison of 7th order and 1st order VRError! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 4.8 Frequency response of 11th and 5th order PSS ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4.9 Root locus of final damping loop with 1st order VR and 5th order PSS .........Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4.10 Step response of system with & without PSS ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

******************
 <Example for List of Tables>

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 Rise - time for different value of Kp & Ki ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 4.2 Maximum over shoot for different value of Kp & KiError! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 4.3 Open loop poles of above power system .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 4.4 Controller gain matrix using Ackerman’s formula .. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 4.5 Controller gain matrix using place formula.............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 4.6 Pole-Zero cancellations ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

***********************
 <Example for Abbreviations Used>

ABBREVIATIONS USED

AVR : Automatic Voltage Regulator

IEEE : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
PID : Proportional Integral Derivative
PSS : Power System Stabilizer
VR : Voltage Regulator

<Capitalized Each Word >

******************
 <Example for Symbols Used>

SYMBOLS USED

Pe : Generator output electrical power

Pm : Generator input mechanical power
' '
Td0 , Tq0 : Direct and quadrature axis transient field winding time constant
'' ''
Td0 , Tq0 : Direct and quadrature axis sub-transient field winding time constant
xd , xq : Direct and quadrature axis reactance
xd' , xq' : Direct and quadrature axis transient reactance
xd'' , xq'' : Direct and quadrature axis sub-transient reactance
Ye : Admittance
Ze : Transformer leakage impedance
Zij : Series impedance of the transmission line

******************
ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-1 Introduction

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
<Spacing between the lines-1.5pt for whole documents>
<Chapter title-Times new Roman, 14 pt, Bold, UPPERCASE, center>
<All section have - Times new roman, 12pt, UPPERCASE, Bold>
<All subsection have - Times new roman, 12pt, Capitalized Each Word , Bold>
These are the minimum number of subtitles – more subtitles may be added if needed.

Chapter 1 'INTRODUCTION' is considered as the face of any Project Work. Therefore, it has
to be so written that it provides the reader a 'bird's eye view' of the whole Project Work and
the new knowledge that is added to the body of knowledge.

1.1 INTRODUCTION <All section have - Times new roman, 12pt, UPPERCASE, Bold>

This paragraph should provide an overview of what the reader should observe and
focus in this chapter. Do not start with ‘in this chapter……’

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT WORK

This section should answer ‘what’, ‘when’, ‘why’, ‘where’ and ‘how’ of the project
work is justified with references of the major papers, books, data from internet etc.

1.3 PURPOSES/OBJECTIVES OF MAJOR PROJECT

1.4 PROBLEM SPECIFICATIONS

This section provides a brief that is discussed in section 2.3 of 'Literature Review'
chapter

1.5 DEFINITIONS OF THE PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.6 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

This section should provide a brief overview of the 'technology' chapter which will
include hardware, consumables (including their specifications) and software that the Project
Work must have used) (Place all your figure names in text boxes and group with the
respective figures)

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 1

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-1 Introduction

1.7 METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT WORK

This section should provide a brief overview of the 'methodology' contained in chapter
-4

1.8 EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF THE PROJECT WORK

This section should present what are the tangible outcomes or in other words the
deliverables to the body of knowledge. This should be linked to the 'Conclusions and Future
Scope' chapter

1.9 BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT WORK

This section should state to whom all will this research benefit. This should be linked
to the 'Conclusions and Future Scope' chapter

1.10 CONCLUSIONS

This paragraph should not 'summarise', but 'conclude' the aspects discussed in this
chapter

*********************

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 2

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-2 Literature Survey

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

<Spacing between the lines-1.5pt for whole documents>
<Chapter title-Times new Roman, 14 pt, Bold, UPPERCASE, center>
<All section have - Times new roman, 12pt, UPPERCASE, Bold>
<All subsection have - Times new roman, 12pt, Capitalized Each Word , Bold>
These are the minimum number of subtitles – more subtitles may be added if needed.

Literature review is basically done for two purposes. To:

a) Identify the research area and gap
b) Corroborate and authenticate project work undertaken.

Hence, literature review will be an ongoing process till the end when the final project
work is being submitted.

2.1 INTRODUCTION
<All section have - Times new roman, 12pt, UPPERCASE, Bold>

This paragraph should provide an overview of what the reader should observe and
focus in this chapter. Do not start with ‘in this chapter……’

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEWED

Other than classic and standard literature/books, other literature should not be older
than 8-9 years such as standard/quality journals, conference proceedings, reports/policy
documents, data books, reference books. Apart from standard SCI referred journals, if you
really want to refer to the 'non-standard' so called 'International' journals, then their credibility
need to be cross-checked by mentioning the place of publication of the journal and also the
name of the institution publishing it in the references section). Also follow some standard
books.

(Remember, it is important that every literature quoted in this section should be directly
related to the title. Otherwise it has no meaning. Two examples are given below to
demonstrate how a literature review could be written. The first one is related to a referred
journal, while the second one is related to a standard book. The words in italics in the last part
of each of the paragraphs of each literature review are the researcher's comment on how it is
directly related to his/her research title. If this comment is missing, then the referred literature
bears little meaning in the dissertation).

Perez–Londono [2012] analysed voltage stability of Type-C WPP. They used voltage
stability index to provide relevant information about the proximity to instability of a power
system when Type-C WPP was connected. The study was carried out over a wide range of
system operating conditions by changing the level of wind power penetration and the load of
the system. The Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) 9 bus modified system was
used as a test case and simulation was performed using MATLAB–based PSAT software.
This paper studied the impact of Type-C WPP on voltage stability of the power system under
Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 3
ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-2 Literature Survey

several penetration levels and load demand increase, using a dynamic analysis method. In this
research, the analysis this paper was used to justify that there is a need to analyse the
behavior of Type-C WPP under increased wind penetration level.

Earnest [2014] discussed the equivalent circuit diagram of Type-D WPP with WRSG. In this
type of WPP, the ac power is generated when the alternator rotates at synchronous speed. The
revolutions per minute (rpm) depend on the frequency of the rotating magnetic field and the
number of pole pairs of the rotor. The equivalent circuit and phasor diagrams of Type-D WPP
with WRSG given in this reference book were adopted in the technology and modelling
chapter for this research.

2.3 IDENTIFIED PROJECT WORK GAP AND PROBLEM SPECIFICATION

2.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT

This statement more or less could become the title of the dissertation as well

2.5 CONCLUSION
This paragraph should not 'summarise', but 'conclude' the aspects discussed in this
chapter

******************

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 4

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-3 Technology Adapted

Chapter 3 TECHNOLOGY ADAPTED

<Spacing between the lines-1.5pt for whole documents>
<Chapter title-Times new Roman, 14 pt, Bold, UPPERCASE, center>
<All section have - Times new roman, 12pt, UPPERCASE, Bold>
<All subsection have - Times new roman, 12pt, Capitalized Each Word , Bold>

These are the minimum number of subtitles – more subtitles may be added if needed.

Remember Technology chapter 2 has to be very strong, because this forms the foundation of
the modelling chapter 5 and the implementation chapter 6. You should directly justify the
sections in this chapter with your 'problem statement'.

If any circuit diagram/picture/equivalent circuit that you have drawn/copied is exactly the
same as available in any of the available literature, then it is ethical to mention 'Adapted from
...............reference of the book/journal or weblink’ below any figure. Drawing your own
figure does not mean it is your own. But if the figure is totally created by you on your own,
then it is OK if you do not give the credits.

3.1 INTRODUCTION
<All section have - Times new roman, 12pt, UPPERCASE, Bold>

3.2 HARDWARE TECHNOLOGY CHOSEN (If any)

Justify why you have chosen this hardware or software technology and not any other
with respect to your problem statement with references from standard books and SCI referred
journal papers, standard books, etc. Mention also the specifications of the
equipment/hardware)

3.2.1 Operating Principle

<All subsection have - Times new roman, 12pt, Capitalized Each Word , Bold>

3.2 SOFTWARE CHOSEN (if any)

Justify why you have chosen this software (and not any other) with respect to your
problem statement with references from standard books and SCI referred journal papers.
Mention the version of the software adapted

3.3 CONCLUSION
This paragraph should not 'summarise', but 'conclude' the aspects discussed in this
chapter

**********************

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 5

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-4 Research Methodology

Chapter 4 PROJECT WORK METHODOLOGY

<Spacing between the lines-1.5pt for whole documents>
<Chapter title-Times new Roman, 14 pt, Bold, UPPERCASE, center>
<All section have - Times new roman, 12pt, UPPERCASE, Bold>
<All subsection have - Times new roman, 12pt, Capitalized Each Word , Bold>
These are the minimum number of subtitles – more subtitles may be added if needed.

4.1 INTRODUCTION (for example)

Every research requires to be undertaken by a scientific and system method, so that

the results emerging will be valid and reliable. Every attempt was therefore made in this
project work also to do it scientifically and systematically which is discussed in this chapter.

4.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT WORK (for example)

The comprehensive literature review led to the identification of gap to be researched.
So, to fill this gap, it was felt that the following points should be fulfilled:
(i) ...........................................
(ii) ........................................

4.3 SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Mention the sources of information such as SCI referred journals, conference
proceedings, reports/policy documents, data books, reference books and departmental notice
regarding project which should not be more that 8-9 years old.

4.4 EXPERIMENT METHODOLOGY

Figure 4.1 on the next page shows the overview of the total project work procedure
and the experiment methodology that was adapted.

4.5 HARDWARE/SOFTWARE ADAPTED IN THIS PROJECT WORK

4.6 MODELLING METHODOLOGY

If mathematical/software modelling included in project work. This is an overview of
chapter 5 condensed to a paragraph).

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 6

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-4 Research Methodology

Literature Review

Identification of project Gap

Continued Literature Review

Selection of Appropriate System for Testing

Appropriate Model Development

Testing of Model/System

Sampling and Recording of Results

Result Analyses and Interpretation Matching with Reviewed Literature

Drawing Conclusions and Generalisation

Documentation

Figure 4.1: Flowchart for Project Work Undertaken (example)

4.7 RECORDING OF RESULTS (If required)

a) Results/Data – discuss how they would recorded
b) Comprehensiveness – what is included and what is not included
c) Accuracy of results – how valid and reliable are they, can be generalised, etc.

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 7

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-4 Research Methodology

4.8 RESULT ANALYSES (If required)

Elaborate what statistical tools (if required) will you use to analyse the results

4.9 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS (If required)

4.10 CONCLUSIONS
This paragraph should not 'summarise', but 'conclude' the aspects discussed in this
chapter

*******************

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 8

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-5 Research Methodology

Chapter 5 MATHEMATICAL/SOFTWARE
MODELLING/HARDWARE DESIGN
(whichever is applicable)
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<Chapter title-Times new Roman, 14 pt, Bold, UPPERCASE, center>
<All section have - Times new roman, 12pt, UPPERCASE, Bold>
<All subsection have - Times new roman, 12pt, Capitalized Each Word , Bold>

The key to this chapter is cross-referencing with literature chapter 2 references, problem
statement, cross-linking to technology chapter 3 sections, implementation chapter 6
sections, and result analyses chapter 7 sections.

5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING (if any)
Justify why and how you have done this modelling with respect to your problem
statement with references from standard books and SCI referred journal papers. Use 50 Hz.
the Indian standards in modelling and testing.

5.3 SOFTWARE SIMULATION/MODELLING (if any)

Justify why and how you have done this software simulation/ hardware modelling

5.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE MODELLING

5.5 SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING (if any)

After developing the programme files, do not bunch all of them at the end of the
chapter. But place it at the appropriate places after explaining in paragraphs after each
test/simulation.

5.6 HARDWARE DESIGNED/DEVELOPED WITH DATA SHEET (if any)

Justify why and how you have designed/developed/modified the hardware

5.7 CONCLUSION
This paragraph should not 'summarise', but 'conclude' the aspects discussed in this
chapter

***********************

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 9

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-6 Implementation & Results

Chapter 6 IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS

<Spacing between the lines-1.5pt for whole documents>
<Chapter title-Times new Roman, 14 pt, Bold, UPPERCASE, center>
<All section have - Times new roman, 12pt, UPPERCASE, Bold>
<All subsection have - Times new roman, 12pt, Capitalized Each Word , Bold>

These are the minimum number of subtitles – more subtitles may be added if needed. In some
dissertations results may be taken in the next chapter if the researcher deems it fit.

a) This chapter decides the fate of the project work. The crux of any project work is
in providing the physical significance of the results/graphs that has been obtained
through the simulations/experimentation in this chapter. If the physical significance is not
established, the entire project work that you have done bears little meaning. So, ensure
that it is provided after every result/graph that is being presented in this chapter.
b) Next most important aspect of this chapter is that referencing has to be very strong, as
this is directly related to the title of the project work and the problem statement.
Therefore, after the result of each case, to authenticate and substantiate, it has to be
compared with the relevant references of chapter 2.

6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DEVELOPED SOLUTION
Do not bunch all the designed/developed software programme files towards the end of
the chapter, in case of software based problem. Place it at the appropriate place after
explaining each test/simulation, just before the result/graphs

6.3 VALUES/DATA ADAPTED IN IMPLEMENTATION

If you cannot justify and explain the physical significance of the graphs/results
obtained as well as the values in the tables, the values are of little meaning to this project
work. The students have to explain to the reader the physical significance of the values or
group of values of every result/in every table really mean.

See that the explanations come first and the figures and tables appear below the explanation.

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 10

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-6 Implementation & Results

6.4 RECORDING OF VALUES/GRAPHS

Ensure that the proper justifications and explanations come first and the figures and
tables appear after the explanation

6.5 CONCLUSION
This paragraph should not 'summarise', but 'conclude' the aspects discussed in this
chapter.

******************

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 11

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-7 Results Analysis & Discussion

Chapter 7 RESULTS ANALYSES AND DISCUSSIONS

<Spacing between the lines-1.5pt for whole documents>
<Chapter title-Times new Roman, 14 pt, Bold, UPPERCASE, center>
<All section have - Times new roman, 12pt, UPPERCASE, Bold>
<All subsection have - Times new roman, 12pt, Capitalized Each Word , Bold>

These are the minimum number of subtitles – more subtitles may be added if needed.

Every result obtained in chapter 6 needs to be analysed, compared and discussed along with
the related references mentioned in section 6.2 of literature review of chapter 6 in order to
derive a meaning. The result analyes helps to provide some clues/solutions to handle
probleme statement and its specifications mentioned in chapter 1 and chapter 2 as well as
future perceived problems. Hence, the the need of this chapter is quite important.

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 ANALYSES OF SIMULATIONS/EXPERIMENTS/RESULTS

Cross-link these analyses with relevant sub-sections in chapter 6 with references of
section 2.2 of literature review chapter 2 as well.

7.3 DISCUSSIONS

With proper justification, cross-link this discussion with relevant sub-sections in

chapter 6 and with references of section 2.2 of literature review in chapter 2 as well.

7.4 CONCLUSION
This paragraph should not 'summarise', but 'conclude' the aspects discussed in this
chapter

*********************

Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 12

ICOT, Bhopal Chapter-8 Conclusion & Future Scope

Chapter 8 CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE

SCOPE
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These are the minimum number of subtitles – more subtitles may be added if needed.

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 CONCLUSIONS
Every research has to lead to some useful conclusions for the stakeholders. Therefore,
the Conclusions written here are on the basis of the result analyses in chapter 7. It is directly
related to fulfil the 'Objectives of the Research' stated in chapter 1. So cross-link it
accordingly with references of chapter 2 also.

8.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommendations are written based on the conclusions of this chapter discussed in the
preceding section 8.2, as well as the discussions related to section 7.3 in chapter 7. These are
generally written related to the 'Benefits of the Research' listed in section 1.9 in chapter 1
and provides clues to some problems to the industry, designers, power system operators and
others. So cross-link it accordingly with references.

8.4 FUTURE SCOPE

The future Scope which is also derived from the discussions related to section 7.3 in
chapter 7 is intended to help other researchers to continue this research further, study in depth
in certain areas, or give them further ideas to branch out to other areas to begin new
researches using new techniques, better software and the like.

8.5 CONCLUSION
This paragraph should not 'summarise', but 'conclude' the aspects discussed in this
chapter.

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Student’s Name, Year, ‘Title of Project Work’ Page 13

 REFERENCES

(In alphabetical order with surname first)

[1] Abdelhalim, Hussein M., Farid, Amro M., Adegbege, Ambrose A. and Youcef –
Toumi, Kamal – ‘Transient Stability of Power Systems with Different Configurations
for Wind Power Integration’ – Proceedings of the IEEE Conference Power and Energy
Society ‘Innovative Smart Grid Technologies’, Pub: IEEE, Lyngby, Denmark, 2013,
pp. 1–7.
[2] Branislav, Dosijianoski – ‘Simulation of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator in a Wind
Turbine’ – Thesis of University of Cyril & Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia,
2009, pp. 378 -383.
[3] ...........................
[4] ..........................

URL

[5] http://www.elek.com.au/Files/Technical%20Publications/State-of-the-
art%20Review%20of%20Wind%20Turbine%20Technologies_ElectroTECHnik.pdf
retrieved on 19 March 2014

BIBLIOGRAPHY
(In alphabetical order with surname first)

[1] Khan, Umer A., Seong, J. K., Lee, S. H., Lim, S.H. and Lee, B.W.– ‘Feasibility
Analysis of the Positioning of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters for the Smart
Grid Application Using Simulink and SimPowerSystem’ – IEEE Transactions on
Applied Superconductivity, Pub. IEEE, USA 2011, Vol. 21, Iss. No. 3, pp. 2165-2169.
[2] ..........................
[3] ..........................

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