FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FLUID MECHANIC

LABORATORY REPORT

COURSE CODE BNP10303

EXPERIMENT CODE &
IMPACT OF JET- EXPERIMENT 2
TITLE
EXPERIMENT DATE 13.03.2019

SECTION/GROUP NO. SECTION 1/ GROUP 5

1. MUHAMAD HATIFF SIDDIQI BIN MOHD
HAMIM DN160026

2. HANUNA KURNIA BT ZAHRULLAIL DN160205

GROUP MEMBERS
3. MONIE ZAIHARA BT ZAILAN DN160251

4. ROY HAZLIN BT ABDELLAH DN160151

5. TASHA-HUEI LEXMINARAYANA AN180138

LECTURER/ 1. PUAN NUR AINI BINITI MOHD ARISH@ARSHAD
INSTRUCTOR

SUBMISSION DATE 27.03.2019

RECEIVED DATE AND

STAMP

EXAMINER’S
COMMENTS

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 STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not accept or

provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.

1) Group Leader
Name : MUHAMAD HATIFF SIDDIQI BIN MOHD HAMIM
Matrix No. : DN160026

2) Group Member 1
Name : HANUNA KURNIA BT ZAHRULLAIL
Matrix No : DN160205

3) Group Member 2
Name : ROY HAZLIN BT ABDELLAH
Matrix No. : DN160151

4) Group Member 3
Name : MONIE ZAIHARA BINTI ZAILAN
Matrix No. : DN160251

5) Group Member 4
Name : TASHA-HUEI LEXMINARAYANA
Matrix No. : AN180138

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 OBJECTIVE 1
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1
3.0 INTRODUCTION 1
4.0 APPARATUS 3
5.0 PROCEDURE 5
6.0 RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS 7
7.0 DISCUSSION 10
8.0 QUESTIONS 10
9.0 CONCLUSION 11
10.0 REFERENCES 11

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1.0 OBJECTIVE

In this experiment, student will able:

1. To verify theories of forces generated by impact of the jet on different shapes
of vane.
2. Work as group to complete the experiment

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they
have learned to:

 Describe the deflection of the jet generates forces on the vane.

 Identify the relationship between force and rate of momentum flow in the jet.
 Measure the force generated by a jet of water striking a plate.

3.0 INTRODUCTION

A jet of water is produced when water is fed to a vertical pipe terminating in a tapered
nozzle. The jet will impinge on a vane, of different shapes. Vanes usually used are flat
plate, inclined plate, curved plate and hemispherical cup. Equation used to determine the
force of jet impact (Fy) is given as:

Fy = Q ( Vy1 - Vy2 cos ) , Vy1 = initial velocity

Vy2 = final velocity (after impingement)

Q
where, V 
A

1. Flat plate

Figure 3.1: Flat plate

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 Q  Q
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F y  Q  0   For the flat plat θ = 90◦, so that Vout = 0
A  A

2. 120 curved plate

 Q  1 Q 
Fy  ρQ     
 A  2 A 

ρQ 2 ρQ 2 3ρQ 2
Fy   
A 2A 2A

Figure 3.2: 120o curved plate

1 1Q
Where, from analysis, velocity after impingement Vy 2   V  
2 2A

3. Hemispherical cup

 Q  Q   2ρQ 2 Q
Fy  ρQ       where, velocity after impingement Vy 2   For the
 A  A  A A

Hemispherical cup θ = 180◦, so that Vout = -Vin

Figure 3.3: Hemispherical cup

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4.0 APPARATUS

i) Hydraulic bench

Figure 4.1: Hydraulic bench

ii) Jet impact apparatus

Figure 4.2: Jet impact apparatus

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 iii) Plate type
Plate type Details

Flat Plate

Figure 4.3

1200curved plate

Figure 4.4

Hemispherical cup

Figure 4.5

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5.0 PROCEDURE

1. First, the top plate and the transparent cylinder were taken off. Then, the
diameter of the nozzle was measured. The flat plate was assembled to the lever that
carries a jockey weight.

Figure 5.1: Arrangement of apparatus

2. The top plate and cylinder was assembled to the apparatus. The supply pipe
from the hydraulic bench was connected to the inlet pipe of the apparatus.

3. The apparatus was first leveled and the lever was set to a balanced position (as
indicated by a tally supported from it) by placed the jockey weight at its zero position,
and then the knurled nut was adjusted above the spring.

Figure 5.2: Jockey weight was restrained by a light spring

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4. Any force generated by impact of the jet on the vane was measured by moving
the jockey weight along the lever until the tally shows that it has been restored to its
original balanced position.

5. Nominal weight was placed on the lever first (it is suggested that initial weight
and incremental weight = 20g). Then water was admitted through the bench supply
valve.

6. The lever will was displaced by the force on the vane, the jockey weight was
sliding along the liver which is then restored to its balanced position. Then, the opening
was covered at the base of the hydraulic bench.

Figure 5.3: The jockey weight was moved along the lever

7. The flow rate was recorded. Also, the weight on the lever was recorded.

Figure 5.4: Flow rate was determined

8. The procedure was repeated from step 1 - 7 for 120° curved plate and
hemispherical cup.

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6.0 RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS

ρ = 1x10³ kg/ m³

A = 7.85x10¯⁵ m²

g = 9.81 m/ s²

Q = based on individually calculated values

a) Flat Plate

Distance of jockey Flow rate, Q Ftheory = ρQ²/A Fexp = 4gy

weight (m)
(m³/s) (N) (N)

0 1.56x10¯⁴ 0.31 0

0.10 2.30x10¯⁴ 0.67 3.92

0.20 2.83x10¯⁴ 1.02 7.85

0.30 3.34x10¯⁴ 1.42 11.77

 Ftheory

= ρQ²/A

= (1x10³)(2.30x10¯⁴)²/ (7.85x10¯⁵)

= 0.31 N

 Fexp

= 4gy

= 4(9.81)(0.10)

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 = 3.92 N

b) 120⁰ Curved Plate

Distance of jockey Flow rate, Q Ftheory = 3ρQ²/2A Fexp = 4gy

weight (m)
(m³/s) (N) (N)

0 1.18x10¯⁴ 0.27 0

0.10 1.80x10¯⁴ 0.62 3.92

0.20 2.40x10¯⁴ 1.10 7.85

0.30 2.68x10¯⁴ 1.37 11.77

 Ftheory

= 3ρQ²/2A

= (3)(1x10³)(1.80x10¯⁴)²/ (2x7.85x10¯⁵)

= 0.62 N

 Fexp

= 4gy

= (4)(9.81)(0.10)

= 3.92 N

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c) Hemispherical Cup

Distance of jockey Flow rate, Q Ftheory = 2ρQ²/ A Fexp = 4gy

weight (m)
(m³/s) (N) (N)

0 1.06x10¯⁴ 0.29 0

0.10 1.56x10¯⁴ 0.62 3.92

0.20 2.05x10¯⁴ 1.07 7.85

0.30 2.40x10¯⁴ 1.47 11.77

 Ftheory

= 2ρQ²/ A

= (2)(1x10³)(1.56x10¯⁴)²/ (7.85x10¯⁵)

= 0.62 N

 Fexp

= 4gy

= (4)(9.81)(0.10)

= 3.92 N

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7.0 DISCUSSION

We assumed there is some errors during the experiment occurred from the result, that
is the flow rate of the pump is not consistent because it increases, causing a constant flow
difficulty to maintain to measure the altitude as a steady water flow. The presence of leakage
at the bench also affect the water even though the leakage is minimal it still effects the result
of the experiment over time due to the loss of water. There is certain precautions that we used
followed, for example, avoid shake the water bench to ensure a balanced water level. Besides
that, the measurement taken with the eye during the experiment may make errors while reading
the measurement that should be prevented. However, we have success in this experiment in
proving that the larger area of the plate is the greater the forces that the plate is able to
withstand.

8.0 QUESTIONS

1. Compare the value between theory value and experiment value.

From the result, we are conducted with different type of Vanes. For the first
type is Flat Plate, the theory value that we get is 0.31 N while for the experiment value
is 3.92 N. Second type is 120⁰ Curved Plate, the theory value is 0.62 N and the
experiment value is 3.92 N. for the last type is Hemispherical Cup, the theory value is
0.62 N and the experiment value is 3.92 N. From the result that we get, the result is a
bit differences from experiment value that is more accurate than theoretical value.

2. From the result, comment on the value comparison

Based on our result, we can identify that the experiment value of Flat Plate,
Curved Plate and Hemispherical Cup is the same. Meanwhile for the theory result, only
flat plat is have much lower value than with plat types of Vanes. Maybe have a few
errors that might affect the data collected during the experiment.

3. Give a conclusion for this test.

In subtopic 9.0

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9.0 CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, the calculation of force for every different plate is calculate with
measured of flow rate and recorded data. The result show that the force of every plate/cup is
increasing/ will have directly proportional relation. Some error maybe occur in this experiment
but it not disturbing our team to complete this experiment. The purpose of this experiment is
to verify theories of forces generated by impact of the jet on different shapes of vane.

10.0 REFERENCES

1. Nanayakkara. (2008). IMPACT OF JET LAB REPORT. Retrieved from

https://www.scribd.com/doc/38008443/Impact-of-Jet

2. E.C. Eng. (2012). IMPACT OF JET- EQUATIONS. Retrieved from

https://prezi.com/caiawr_76zq2/impact-of-jet/

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