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DANILO B. PULMA
College of Engineering Eastern
Visayas State University
Tacloban City
SUPPLY AND DEMAND GAP ANALYSIS
• Existing Situation
Present Facilities and State of Facilities
(include observed defects, operational requirements,
needed improvements for present situation, cash flow
problems)
- Maps (areas currently served, areas under proposed
project, probable ultimate service area)
- Water Users (domestic, commercial, industrial,
institutional and public faucet)
- Population (served)
- Statistical Information (% of population served)
- How Served (% metered, % unmetered, % Public
Faucets)
- Historical Data (metered water consumption, NRW,
Water production)
SUPPLY AND DEMAND GAP ANALYSIS
• Existing Situation
- Per Capita Consumption (historical data, evidence of
unsatisfied demands, consumption restricted by
inadequate water distribution capacity)
- Will connection increase if distribution capacity is
expanded?
- Historical dates of existing WSS (planning,
construction, abandonment, expansion – source,
intake, transmission, treatment, booster pumping
stations, distribution main/network, storage)
- Capacities and present conditions
- Existing surface water source data (catchment area,
rainfall, Water quality, river flow data, water rights,
watershed condition)
- Existing Groundwater (well & spring locations,
capacities, GW aquifer capacity, water quality
SUPPLY AND DEMAND GAP ANALYSIS
• Demand Projections
Population Projections
Water Consumption
Demand Variation (ADD, MDD, PHD)
Population Projections
(Geometrical Method Formula)
Pn = Po (1 + i)n
Where:
Pn = Design Population
Po = Present Population
i = Growth Rate
n = Design Period
Design Period
• 5 yr period
• Lower initial cost but need for capex after 5
years
• 10 yr period
• Higher initial cost but no major capex needed
within the 10 yr design period
6
Growth Rate/Annual Rate Increase
8
Design Population Exercise
9
Water Consumption Rate (Wc):
• Domestic Connection
Individual connection = 100 to 120 lpcd
Public Faucets = 30 to 60 lpcd
NRW = 20% to 25%
14
Water Demand Factors