Immunology

1. Human immunodeficiency virus has an enzyme that

A. Allows it to make a RNA copy of its DNA genome.
B. Allows it to make a DNA copy of its DNA genome
C. Allows it to make a DNA copy of its RNA genome
D. Allows it to make an RNA copy of its RNA genome that integrates
with the human genome.

Ans:…….

2. A 45-year old woman who was suffering from rheumatoid arthritis from last 10
years develops proteinuria. Her kidney biopsy reveals presence of hyaline amorphous
material in renal vessels that stains red with Congo red stain. In this case, chemical
analysis of the material is likely to reveal presence of

A. AL amyloid
B. AA amyloid
C. Collagen
D. Fibrin
Ans:……

3. A 10-year-old child is given a blood transfusion. Blood was obtained from a

commercial donor of an unauthorized blood bank. He develops fever after 3 weeks. His
physician wants to exclude HIV transmission. The standard test for HIV in his case is
likely to be positive after another

A. 4 to 8 weeks
B. 4 to 8 days
C. 4 to 8 months
D. 1 to 2 years
Ans:……

4. Following an injury, a 10-year-old boy develops cellulitis in his forearms. He was

treated successfully with antibiotics. After four weeks, he again comes to the hospital with
a swollen face and decreased urinary output. His urine examination shows presence of
increased amount of protein along with many RBCs. The present disease is most likely to
be due to
A. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
B. Immune complex mediated disorder.
C. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
D. Allergic reaction to antibiotics
Ans: ……….
5. A 30-year old man was found to have macroglossia (enlargement of the tongue).
A provisional diagnosis of amyloidosis was made. A biopsy was done that showed
presence of interstitial deposit of hyaline amorphous eosinophilic material. For
confirmation of this material being amyloid, which of the following statements will hold
true?

A. It will stain green with Congo red stain.

B. It will stain red with Congo red stain that would show red birefringence
under polarizing microscope.
C. It will stain red with Congo red stain that would appear green under
polarizing microscope.
D. It will stain green with Congo red stain and show red birefringence under
polarizing microscope
Ans ……

6. A 50-year old women having leprosy develops proteinuria. A kidney biopsy was done and it
showed deposition of amyloid like material in glomeruli and renal blood vessels. Which of the
following statement will hold true in this case?

A. In this case, amyloid cannot be implicated for proteinuria.

B. In this case, leprosy cannot be responsible for amyloid deposition.
C. Amyloid itself is non-toxic but produces proteinuria due to pressure
atrophy of parenchymal cells.
D. Amyloid deposition can be easily reversed if the patient is cured of
leprosy.
Ans …..
7. A 30-year-old lab technician is accidentally exposed to blood heavily contaminated by
HIV during his routine work schedule. Which of the following maneuvers would
prevent HIV infection in this person?

A. He is administered drugs that engage CD4+ receptors.

B. He is immediately vaccinated against HIV.
C. He is administered drugs that inhibit topoisomerase enzyme.
D. In his case, proper wound cleaning would suffice
Ans …

8. A 42-year-old man suffering from recurrent oral candidiasis was found to have HIV
infection. If he is investigated further, he will show

A. CD4+ T cell count less than 800 cells/μL

B. CD8+ T cell count is markedly reduced
C. CD8+ T cell count is elevated
D. CD3+ T cell count is reduced
Ans …
9. A 3-month old infant born to a HIV positive woman suffers from recurrent
diarrheal episodes. On investigation, the diarrhea was found to be due to
cryptosporidium. This type of infection is called opportunistic infection. Following
statement would explain this term:

A. Infection by low-virulence pathogens in persons with depressed immune

response.
B. Infection by highly virulent organisms that produce immune suppression.
C. Infection by low-virulence pathogens in individuals with normal immune
response.
D. Infection by pathogens that produce immune-complex mediated
disorders.
Ans …

10. Human immunodeficiency virus has cell surface molecules that engage with CD4+
receptors present on certain cells. Hence all of the following cells can be infected by this
virus EXCEPT

A. T- helper lymphocytes
B. Langerhans cells of skin
C. Follicular dendritic cells of lymph nodes
D. Microglial cells in CNS
E. Red blood cells.
Ans …

11. A 3-year-old infant always develops running nose whenever he plays with his pet
cat. If he is investigated, he is likely to show

Raised levels of IgA in his serum.

Reduced levels of complement 3a fraction.
Raised levels of IgE in his serum
Reduced levels of IgE in his serum.
Ans …..

12. A 45 year-old man developed cervical lymphadenopathy, which on investigation

showed granulomatous response caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. This type of
inflammatory change is brought about by:

A. CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages

B. IgE antibody molecule
C. IgG and anti-IgG molecules
D. Cross-reacting antibodies.
Ans ….
13. In a person with which of the following conditions, a severe anaphylactic reaction is
not likely to occur
 A. A person with mast cells genetically deficient in Fc receptors for IgE.
B. A person with defective IgA response to mucosal antigens
C. A person with normal serum immunoglobulin levels.
D. A person with hypoplasia of thymus.
Ans …

14. A 23-year-old woman was administered anti-tetanus serum in outpatient

department following a minor road accident. She returns to the hospital after 30 minutes
with severe choking sensation and swelling of the face. What could be the most likely
explanation for the above scenario?

A. Development of severe pyogenic infection.

B. A systemic anaphylactic response to anti-tetanus serum.
C. Development of hypovolemic shock following road accident
D. It is only a coincidence.
Ans ….
15. Following an injury, a 10-year-old boy develops cellulitis in his forearms. He was
treated successfully with antibiotics. After four weeks, he again comes to the hospital with
a swollen face and decreased urinary output. His urine examination shows presence of
increased amount of protein along with many RBCs. The present disease is most likely to
be due to

A. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

B. Immune complex mediated disorder.
C. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
D. Allergic reaction to antibiotics
Ans: ……….
16. In an antibody molecule, the Fab fragment consists of:
a) C-terminal region
b) Heavy chains only.
c) Light chain and part of heavy chain. *
d) Light chains only.

17. Which of the following statements will hold true for IgG class of antibodies?
a) Show presence of J-chain.
b) Are involved in mast cell degranulation in type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
c) Are formed during primary immune response.
d) Are formed during the secondary immune response. *

18. During inflammatory response, emigration of neutrophils towards injurious stimuli is

enhanced by:
a) Complement 3a mast cell degranulation
b) Complement 5a *
 c) Complement 5b-9 complex cytolytic
d) Complement 3b enhances macrophage adherence to opsonized cells

19. Which of the following statement is true regarding anaphylactic reactions?

a) In anaphylactic reactions, IgE antibodies have no role.
b) Occurs in individuals previously exposed to similar antigen. *
c) Genetic predisposition is never present.
d) Has very mild clinical consequences

20. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an example of

a) Anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction
b) Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction *
c) Immune complex hypersensitivity reaction
d) Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Which one of the following is not an organ specific auto-immune disease?

A. Auto-immune adrenalitis.
B. Chronic auto-immune gastritis.
C. Chronic auto-immune thyroiditis.
D. Insulin dependent diabetes.
E. Rheumatoid arthritis.

A 45-year old woman who was suffering from rheumatoid arthritis from last 10 years develops
proteinuria. Her kidney biopsy reveals presence of hyaline amorphous material in renal vessels that
stains red with Congo red stain. In this case, chemical analysis of the material is likely to reveal
presence of

a) AL amyloid
b) AA amyloid
c) Collagen
d) Fibrin

A 10-year-old child is given a blood transfusion. Blood was obtained from a commercial donor of
an unauthorized blood bank. He develops fever after 3 weeks. His physician wants to exclude HIV
transmission. The standard test for HIV in his case is likely to be positive after another

a) 4 to 8 weeks
b) 4 to 8 days
c) 4 to 8 months
d) 1 to 2 years
Following an injury, a 10-year-old boy develops cellulitis in his forearms. He was treated
successfully with antibiotics. After four weeks, he again comes to the hospital with a swollen face
and decreased urinary output. His urine examination shows presence of increased amount of protein
along with many RBCs. The present disease is most likely to be due to
 a) Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
b) Immune complex mediated disorder.
c) Type I hypersensitivity reaction
d) Allergic reaction to antibiotics

A 30-year old man was found to have macroglossia (enlargement of the tongue).
A provisional diagnosis of amyloidosis was made. A biopsy was done that showed presence of
interstitial deposit of hyaline amorphous eosinophilic material. For confirmation of this material
being amyloid, which of the following statements will hold true?

A. It will stain green with Congo red stain.

B. It will stain red with Congo red stain that would show red birefringence under polarizing
microscope.
C. It will stain red with Congo red stain that would appear green under polarizing microscope.
D. It will stain green with Congo red stain and show red birefringence under polarizing
microscope
Ans ……

6. A 50-year old women having leprosy develops proteinuria. A kidney biopsy was done and it
showed deposition of amyloid like material in glomeruli and renal blood vessels. Which of the
following statement will hold true in this case?

A. In this case, amyloid cannot be implicated for proteinuria.

B. In this case, leprosy cannot be responsible for amyloid deposition.
C. Amyloid itself is non-toxic but produces proteinuria due to pressure atrophy of parenchymal
cells.
D. Amyloid deposition can be easily reversed if the patient is cured of leprosy.
Ans …..
7. A 30-year-old lab technician is accidentally exposed to blood heavily contaminated by HIV
during his routine work schedule. Which of the following maneuvers would prevent HIV infection
in this person?

A. He is administered drugs that engage CD4+ receptors.

B. He is immediately vaccinated against HIV.
C. He is administered drugs that inhibit topoisomerase enzyme.
D. In his case, proper wound cleaning would suffice
Ans …

8. A 42-year-old man suffering from recurrent oral candidiasis was found to have HIV
infection. If he is investigated further, he will show

A. CD4+ T cell count less than 800 cells/μL

B. CD8+ T cell count is markedly reduced
C. CD8+ T cell count is elevated
D. CD3+ T cell count is reduced
Ans …
9. A 3-month old infant born to a HIV positive woman suffers from recurrent diarrheal
episodes. On investigation, the diarrhea was found to be due to cryptosporidium. This type of
infection is called opportunistic infection. Following statement would explain this term:

A. Infection by low-virulence pathogens in persons with depressed immune response.

B. Infection by highly virulent organisms that produce immune suppression.
C. Infection by low-virulence pathogens in individuals with normal immune response.
D. Infection by pathogens that produce immune-complex mediated disorders.
Ans …

10. Human immunodeficiency virus has cell surface molecules that engage with CD4+ receptors
present on certain cells. Hence all of the following cells can be infected by this virus EXCEPT

A. T- helper lymphocytes
B. Langerhans cells of skin
C. Follicular dendritic cells of lymph nodes
D. Microglial cells in CNS
E. Red blood cells.
Ans …

11. A 3-year-old infant always develops running nose whenever he plays with his pet cat. If he
is investigated, he is likely to show

Raised levels of IgA in his serum.

Reduced levels of complement 3a fraction.
Raised levels of IgE in his serum
Reduced levels of IgE in his serum.
Ans …..

12. A 45 year-old man developed cervical lymphadenopathy, which on investigation showed

granulomatous response caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. This type of inflammatory change
is brought about by:

A. CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages

B. IgE antibody molecule
C. IgG and anti-IgG molecules
D. Cross-reacting antibodies.
Ans ….
13. In a person with which of the following conditions, a severe anaphylactic reaction is not
likely to occur

A. A person with mast cells genetically deficient in Fc receptors for IgE.

B. A person with defective IgA response to mucosal antigens
C. A person with normal serum immunoglobulin levels.
D. A person with hypoplasia of thymus.
Ans …

14. A 23-year-old woman was administered anti-tetanus serum in outpatient department

following a minor road accident. She returns to the hospital after 30 minutes with severe choking
sensation and swelling of the face. What could be the most likely explanation for the above
scenario?

A. Development of severe pyogenic infection.

B. A systemic anaphylactic response to anti-tetanus serum.
C. Development of hypovolemic shock following road accident
D. It is only a coincidence.
Ans ….
15. Following an injury, a 10-year-old boy develops cellulitis in his forearms. He was treated
successfully with antibiotics. After four weeks, he again comes to the hospital with a swollen face
and decreased urinary output. His urine examination shows presence of increased amount of protein
along with many RBCs. The present disease is most likely to be due to

A. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

B. Immune complex mediated disorder.
C. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
D. Allergic reaction to antibiotics
Ans: ……….
16. In an antibody molecule, the Fab fragment consists of:
a) C-terminal region
b) Heavy chains only.
c) Light chain and part of heavy chain. *
d) Light chains only.

17. Which of the following statements will hold true for IgG class of antibodies?
a) Show presence of J-chain.
b) Are involved in mast cell degranulation in type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
c) Are formed during primary immune response.
d) Are formed during the secondary immune response. *

18. During inflammatory response, emigration of neutrophils towards injurious stimuli is

enhanced by:
a) Complement 3a mast cell degranulation
b) Complement 5a *
c) Complement 5b-9 complex cytolytic
d) Complement 3b enhances macrophage adherence to opsonized cells

19. Which of the following statement is true regarding anaphylactic reactions?

a) In anaphylactic reactions, IgE antibodies have no role.
b) Occurs in individuals previously exposed to similar antigen. *
c) Genetic predisposition is never present.
d) Has very mild clinical consequences

20. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an example of

a) Anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction
b) Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction *
c) Immune complex hypersensitivity reaction
d) Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Which ONE of the following is not a feature of amyloid?

a) Extracellular fibrillar material.
b) Filaments of 75 nm diameter.
c) Intracellular protein. √
d) Present initially in the wall of small blood vessels.
e) Shows red-green birefringence when stained with Congo Red.

Primary amyloidosis is least common in

a. GIT
b. Heart
c. Liver
d. Peripheral nerve
Answer : c) Liver