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Formulas and Principles CHAPTER 1 ALGEBRA Laws of Exponents (Index Law) L 2. 3. 4 5. mo" = gen a"a" =a a" a" = qin" (a""y" = a (ab)" = ap” (a/b)" = a" 15" Properties of Logarithms 1, 2, 3, 4. 5. 6. 7. 8, 9, log, xy = log, x +log, y log.,(x/y) = log, x-log, y log, x" = nlog, x log, x ite log, a =1 log, 1 =0 6. ame 7. 8. 9, 10. If a" =a" thenm=n 10. log, 6=Inb/Ina= logb/loga (change base rule) log, x =Ine (e = 2.71828...) natural logarithm logy x =log.x common logarithm If log, x=a then a" =x Special Products weRUN a(x +y)=axrt+ay (x + a)(y + b) = xy + bx + ay + ab (WE ty)= (ty Hx? + 2p t (yey) = (ey) =x Day + Gt pe-y =x ‘Formulas ‘andPrinciples Example: (xt yea daly +6 xiy? + day? t yt Yo get the coefficient of the next term . coefficient) x (exponent of | Coefficient = [seeds ccponentot 9 exponentof y+1 of previoustern (x tye xtt daly + 6x32 + dag? + yi" 2nd term: Coefficient = 1(4)/(0 + 1)=4 3rd term: Coefficient = 4(3)/(1 +1) =6 KB Sum of Coefficients To get‘the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (ax + by +z)", replace all variables with one (1) and subtract the constant term (if any) of the expansion Sum of coefficients = [a(1) + 5(1) + c(1)}" ~ constant term Examples Find the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (2x + 3y - t Sum =[ 2(1) + 3(1) - 1 = 4°= 4096 Pind the sum of the coefficients of the expansion of (2x — 1”. ( Sum = [2(1) ~ 1° = C1" =0 i Sum of Infinite Geometric Progression If n—» co and the common ratio -1

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