3/31/2019 Chapter 17-18 Homework

Chapter 17-18 Homework

Due: 1:59pm on Wednesday, March 20, 2019
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Microbiology Animation: Vaccines: Function

Click here to complete this activity.

Then answer the questions.

Part A
What does a vaccine contain?
ANSWER:

Weakened or killed pathogen or parts of a pathogen

B cells against a pathogen

Live active pathogens

T cells against a pathogen

Correct

Part B
When a person has previously been vaccinated against a viral pathogen, which cells are activated if that same pathogen re-enters the host's cells months or
years later?
ANSWER:

Memory B cells

Memory cytotoxic T cells

Helper T cells

Bacterial pathogens

Correct

Part C
What is the primary benefit of vaccination?
ANSWER:

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3/31/2019 Chapter 17-18 Homework

An immune response will occur quicker upon future exposure to the pathogen.

Vaccines provide antibodies against the pathogen that persist forever in the body.

Vaccinated persons get used to the symptoms of a disease.

Unvaccinated persons can never mount an immune response to a pathogen.

Correct

Visualize It! Chapter 17 Figure 1

You will identify the components of an ELISA.

Part A
Identify the components of the ELISA as shown.
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
ANSWER:

Reset Help

Colored product

Gelatin (blocking
agent)
Enzyme-linked
antibody
Substrate

Antigen in patient's
serum

Antibody bound to
microwell

Correct

Figure 18.5

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3/31/2019 Chapter 17-18 Homework
You will identify the processes of a transfusion reaction leading to hemolysis.

Part A
Identify the major processes of a transfusion reaction leading to hemolysis.
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
ANSWER:

Reset Help

A antigens on patient
red blood cells

B antigen on donated
Anti-B antibody red blood cells

Complement

Hemoglobin

Agglutination and
complement binding

Hemolysis

Correct

Clinical Case: The First Time’s Not the Problem

The First Time’s Not the Problem

Steven, an eight-year old boy, is brought to your office Monday morning by his father to have his upper arm checked for a possible infection. Dad is worried
because the area of a bee sting on the boy’s arm is getting more red, itchy, and tender. The father gave him some children’s acetaminophen yesterday, which
relieved the discomfort somewhat.

There is no history of medical problems or allergies, and the child takes no regular medication. The child is otherwise feeling well, and his father tells you he is
playing and eating normally. There is no previous history of bee stings, and Steven proudly tells you he “hardly even cried” when he got stung.

There is a half-dollar-sized area on his left upper arm that is puffy and red, but there is no streaking or drainage, and the area does not appear to be infected.
Steven’s temperature is normal, and his lungs are clear.

Part A
How should you describe this skin reaction to the bee sting?
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3/31/2019 Chapter 17-18 Homework

Hint 1.

Review the different types of hypersensitivity reactions described in this chapter.

ANSWER:

type IV hypersensitivity reaction

type III hypersensitivity reaction

type I hypersensitivity reaction

type II hypersensitivity reaction

Correct
This is a localized reaction in response to insect venom.

Part B
Why did the skin turn red and swell up?

Hint 1.
Review the body reactions that cause type I hypersensitivity reactions.

ANSWER:

Redness and swelling are due to the release of histamine during degranulation of mast cells and basophils.

Redness and swelling are due to the release of antihistamine during degranulation of mast cells and basophils.

Redness and swelling are due to the release of IgE from mast cells.

Redness and swelling are due to the release of IgG from plasma cells.

Correct
Histamine release causes increased vascular permeability and irritation.

Part C
What is urticaria?

Hint 1.
Review the signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions.

ANSWER:

purpura

hemolysis

hives

anaphylaxis

Correct
The common name for urticaria is hives--red, itchy patches of skin.

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3/31/2019 Chapter 17-18 Homework

Part D
Which of the following OTC medications would provide the best relief of symptoms?

Hint 1.

Review the mode of action for acetaminophen, aspirin, antihistamines, and antibiotics.

ANSWER:

antihistamines

aspirin

acetaminophen

antibiotics

Correct
Antihistamines would counteract the histamine release from degranulation of mast cells and basophils.

Part E
This child has had a moderate reaction to his first bee sting. If he were to be stung again, the signs and symptoms could be severe and life-threatening due
to constriction of airways. What is this systemic reaction called, and what would the treatment of choice be?

Hint 1.

Review the clinical signs and symptoms of systemic allergic reactions.

ANSWER:

delayed hypersensitivity; acetaminophen

anaphylaxis; epinephrine

hemolysis; blood transfusions

purpura; calamine lotion

Correct
The systemic hypersensitivity reaction that constricts airways and can result in death is anaphylaxis. Steven’s parents should keep an EpiPen
handy to administer epinephrine immediately if he receives another bee sting.

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 100%.
You received 2 out of a possible total of 2 points.

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