Works Contract Review Rev C

DRAFT
GUIDELINES FOR WORKS CONTRACT

REVIEW BY SUPERVISION CONSULTANTS
Rev C
Client:
Executive Director
Uganda National Roads Authority
(UNRA)
Plot 5 Lourdel Road
P.O. Box 28487
Kampala - UGANDA
October 2011
(Updated September 2012)
Works Contract Review Rev C

Guidelines for Works Contract Review by Supervising Consultants
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Abbreviations and Glossary
0 Quality Assurance
1 Inventory of Existing Road
2 Traffic Forecasting
3 Traffic Loading for Pavement Design
4 Topographic Surveys and Land Acquisition
5 Geometric Design
6 Soils and Materials Investigations
7 Pavement Design
8 Hydrology and Hydraulics Investigations
9 Structures Design
10 Economic Evaluation
11 Standard Bidding Documents
12 Specifications
13 Bills of Quantities
14 Risk Analysis
15 Project Reports (No content in these Guidelines)
16 Suggested Format of Design Review Report
Works Contract review Rev C 1

Introduction
The purpose of these Guidelines for Works Contract Review (WCR) is to propose a consistent
and itemised approach to each of the steps covering the pre-construction checking by a
Supervising Consultant (SC) of the engineering road designs commissioned by the Uganda
National Roads Authority (UNRA).
Guidelines exist which are aimed at providing a consistent and simplified checklist for Design
Consultants (DCs) to undertake Detailed Design of a project and for Technical Reviews of that
design to follow the same format. It is intended that the WCR shall be undertaken using a
similar structured layout for the review and report.
Due to the variations in scope of projects, not all of the listed activities will be included in every
project and there are some elements of the Detailed Design that will not be reviewed under the
WCR. Similarly the checklist may exclude some activities that are a necessary part of the
detailed design of other specific projects.
This first edition of the Guidelines does not contain consider the requirements for
environmental, social and land procurement aspects of the design and construction contract.
These Guidelines should not be considered as a Review manual or instruction to the Reviewers
of the SCs and in no way does it reproduce or supersede the Terms of Reference for the
contract being undertaken by the SC. In the case of conflict between this document and the
contents of any part of the Supervision Contracts between the parties, the contract documents
should overrule the contents of this document.
The numbering of chapters and sections in this document are chosen to coincide with the
numbered sections used in the Design and Review Guidelines. To retain consistency between
designs, reviews and reports, all users are asked to retain the same basic numbering system
Where it is considered unnecessary that the SC should review individual subsections of
the design, there will be a lack of continuity in numbering of the Review Report, caused
by such omission.
Where DCs have established a significant scope of works not covered within the Design
Guidelines, an additional sub section will be added by the DC (or the Reviewer) at the end of
the most relevant standard section with a numbered sequence following on from those already
used.
To facilitate the work of reviewing all design reports, DCs were asked to attach at the front of
each report a copy of the relevant sections of these guidelines in which the two boxes (columns
1 and 2 on each sheet) will have been filled showing whether the described item is relevant to
the design and if so, where in the Design documents the relevant information, design data or
discussion can be found. This should assist the SC to locate relevant sections of the design.
UNRA are in the process of developing further standard guide documents which should be used
by the DCs, where possible. Again this should simplify the process of design and review as well
as assist contractors dealing with several different UNRA projects at the same time.

Abbreviations and Glossary

ADT = Average Daily Traffic; 24-hour traffic counted in the traffic
surveys averaged for the number of days in the survey.
AADT = Average Annual Daily Traffic; ADT adjusted for seasonality
AASHTO = American Association
Chainage = Location along the proposed road alignment(s) [measured in
kilometres]
CBR = California Bearing Ratio
CGV = Chief Government Valuer
DBS = Design Base Statement
DCP = Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
DCs = The Design Consultants contracted to UNRA to undertake the
Design Services for a specific project.
DDM = Drainage Design Manual
Design Life = The period agreed with UNRA during which the estimated traffic
loading on the proposed road shall not exceed that provided by
the chosen pavement design parameters.
DTM = Digital Terrain Model resulting from topographic survey
EIRR = Economic Internal Rate of Return; the rate of discount of the
stream of costs and benefits at which their net present value
becomes zero.
ESA = Equivalent Standard Axles, used in pavement design
FWD = Falling Weight Deflectometer
GPS = Global Positioning System
HDM 4 = Highway Design and Management software for road
intervention appraisal. Series 4 for Windows application. (The
latest release is version 2 but version 1.3 is still widely used).
HWL = High Water Level
IRI = International Roughness Index, expressed in m/km
Kgs = Kilograms
LHS = Left Hand Side
LOS = Level of Service
NPV = Net Present Value; the difference between the discounted value
of the benefits accruing to an investment and the discounted
costs of that investment.
O&D = Origin and Destination survey to establish the start and end
points of the journey of each
PCU = Passenger Car Unit
Prov. Sum = Provisional Sum
QA = Quality Assurance

QS = Quantity Surveyor
RAP = Resettlement Action Plan
RDM = Ugandan Roads Design Manual published by Ministry of
Works, Housing and Transport, dated 2010
RFP = Request for Proposals (technical element usually as per final
TOR)
RHS = Right Hand Side
RoW = Right-of-Way (the legally established land reserved for the road
construction)
SE = Supervising Engineer (Consultant)
Services Contract = The contract between the Roads Authority and the Design
Consultants to undertake the design work for particular project
SN = Structural Number
Stakeholder = A person or body that has an interest, material or otherwise, in
the project for which design is being undertaken
Switching Values = The degree to which investment costs can be increased or
project benefits reduced to produce a NPV of zero
ToR = Terms of Reference for the Design Services (see also RFP).
UNRA = Uganda National Roads Authority
UTSS = Uganda Typical Special Specifications
VEF = Vehicle Equivalence (Damage) Factor

0. Objectives of Works Contract Review

Supervision Consultants (SCs) are required to use the following Guidelines for undertaking the
Works Contract Review (WCR) element of their supervision contract.
The SC is expected to undertake the following:
 Identify and design a methodology to check the Bid Documents and Drawings and
modify any identified elements or details of work contained in the contract that may
result in poor or incomplete workmanship, delays to project completion and increases in
project costs above the contract price,
 Determine the areas and level of risk with regard to the completion on time, within
budget and to the required specification
 Develop through sensitivity analysis the impact of changes to assumptions made during
design
 To quantify the potential extent in terms of quantities and cost of each identified risk
 Each risk shall then be identified and classified by the nature of the risk, its sensitivity
analysis and the method of managing or mitigating that risk.
The SC shall implement a Quality Management System for the entire Assignment in accordance
with ISO 9001, either within the framework of their own organisation’s quality management
systems or specifically set up for an individual assignment. This shall contain a Project Quality
Control Plan encompassing all aspects of the assignment to be undertaken by the consultant
with specific reference to the items described in Section 0.1 below which relate only to the WCR
section of the assignment.
The consultant shall submit the Project Quality Control Plan to UNRA for review and approval.
0.1 Project Quality Control Plan (WCR part)

Work Schedule for timely submission of Monthly
A
Progress and Final Review Reports
Budget and cost control plan for undertaking the
B
Review
C Technical Verification and quality control of outputs
D Not required
E Document management and controls
F Not required
G Quality records to be maintained
Additional items that the SC considers may
H reinforce the quality and outputs of the Review
process.

1. Inventory of Existing Road

The DCs will have carried out an Initial Assessment of the new road (or sections of existing road
to be upgraded).
Following the initial reconnaissance visit the DC will have submitted an Inception Report
including the Initial Assessment and a Design Base Statement (DBS). The latter shall be
reviewed by the SC. The DBS review process is contained in Section 5 of this document.
GPS chainage or coordinate readings recorded for all individual items described in the inventory
checklist will not tie in with the ultimate horizontal alignment design but should provide a guide
to location of key elements of the road under the DBS.
Upon completion of the final horizontal alignment chainage, a list of correction factors should
have been added to the Final Engineering Report.
The SC should undertake reconnaissance visits to site before review of the Initial Assessment
Report and the DBS. Amongst the many other observations, the SC should comment
particularly on the DC’s reporting of the following (columns 3 and 4 should assist SC in locating
the appropriate subjects for review):
Included in Report Comment

1.1 Existing Road Design Reference
Reviewed
reference (if any)
Identification of sections of road with similar
A geometric and development characteristics [by
Chainage]
Are any Speed limits [km/hr] currently specified and
H
what is likely speed restriction after upgrade
Drainage – Preliminary Review Included in Report Comment

1.3 Design Reference
Reviewed reference (if any)
A See Sections 8 and 9 for Review of design
Existing Sealed Pavements – Condition to Comment

Included in Report reference (if any)
1.4 be subject to maintenance by contractor Design Reference
Reviewed
throughout project
Sealed pavement construction / layer types
A
[check history with UNRA local Office and trial pits)
B • Asphalt – Cracking
C • Ravelling of asphalt
D • Potholes in asphalt
E • Edge of carriageway breaking up with cause
F • Rutting in asphalt
G • IRI – (by driven assessment)

Condition of existing bituminous surface dressing
H
and pavement under
Structures and Utililties (See also 8 and 9) Included in Report Comment

Does design locate existing services?
Preliminary Inventory of all identified service pipes
B and utilities likely to be affected by the proposed
works

Terrain and Land Use Comment

1.7 Does design make note and deal with the Design Reference
Reviewed
following?
Make initial preliminary assessment of Terrain
B
Classification
Areas of urban congestion and vehicle parking
D
requirements
Potential Traffic and Safety Hazards Comment

1.8 Does design identify and deal with the Design Reference
Reviewed
following?
A Dangerous road junctions and access points
B Areas of commercial trading adjacent to the road

Areas with above normal numbers of pedestrians
C
and animals on the road
Existing Unsealed Pavements – Condition Comment

1.10 to be subject to maintenance by Design Reference
Reviewed
contractor throughout project
Record condition of existing surfaces to be
A
maintained throughout contract period
Asses initial maintenance requirements to achieve
B
acceptable running condition

1.11 Further comments by SC (optional) Design Reference
Reviewed
reference (if any)
A
B
C

2. Traffic Forecasting
The SC will not be expected to check in detail all the survey inputs by the DC for Traffic
forecasting but the review shall observe and comment on the following:

2.1 Data from Monitoring Division of UNRA Design Reference
Reviewed
reference (if any)
Discuss with UNRA traffic and axle load records
available from sources other than those carried out
by the DC (see DC Guidelines Section 2.1)
Revised Classified Vehicle Categories for Included in Report Comment

Traffic Counts
Check format of traffic surveys undertaken by DC
(see DC Guidelines Sections 2.3 and 2.4)

2.4 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) and AADT Design Reference
Reviewed
reference (if any)
Review presented data to ensure it is
comprehensive, reasonable and consistent,
including variations for AADT (see DC Guidelines
Section 2.4)
Identify any exaggerated or unreasonable figures
(see DC Guidelines Section 2.4)

2.7 Future Traffic Growth Design Reference
Reviewed
reference (if any)
Review completeness of DC traffic growth forecasts
and comparison with growth rates experienced by
UNRA in the Region under current trends (see DC
Guidelines Section 2.7)
2.8 Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Final Base Year Traffic Calculation Design Reference reference (if any)
Check for - Include growth from survey date to date
of construction completion (base date)
(see DC Guidelines Section 2.8A)
- Include potential diverted traffic
including growth from survey date to
base date (see DC Guidelines Sections
2.6 and 2.8B)
- Generated traffic from base date (see
DC Guidelines Section 2.10C)

2.9 Varied Growth Scenarios Design Reference
Reviewed
reference (if any)
Were three growth scenarios discussed (low,
medium and high) (see DC Guidelines Section 2.9)


2.10 Varied Growth Scenarios Design Reference
Reviewed
reference (if any)
Were any junctions subject to Level of Service
problems during the design life
(see DC Guidelines Section 2.5 and 2.10)

Reviewed
reference (if any)
A
B
C

3. Traffic Loading for Pavement Design

Design practice will most normally include the execution of Axle load studies along and in the
region of the project road. In exceptional circumstances this may be considered unnecessary
where recent surveys have been undertaken in the region and reliable axle data is available to
establish typical Vehicle Equivalency Factors (VEF but sometimes referred to as Vehicle Damage
Factors).
The SC will be expected to undertake during the Works Contract Review, the development and
presentation of data in Cumulative ESAs for chosen Design Life to select Traffic Classification (see
DC Guidelines Section 3.2) and to review the suitability of the design life.
3.1 Axle Load Surveys Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Design Reference reference (if any)
A Review the methodology and results of axle load
to survey data
D (see DC Guidelines Section 3.1A to 3.1D)
Check for disproportionate results in cumulative
F ESA tables
(see DC Guidelines section 3.1.F)
Comment on DCs comparison between project
findings and results from National and Regional
G axle load studies
Discuss with UNRA the values of VEF selected for
use by DC (see DC Guidelines Section 3.1.G)
Compare cumulative ESAs for varied Low, medium
I and High growth rate scenarios
(see DC Guidelines Section 3.1.I)
Compare cumulative ESAs for varied growth rates
J for different vehicle classes
(see DC Guidelines Section 3.1.J)
3.2 Traffic Classifications Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Design Reference reference (if any)
Review development and presentation of data in
A Cumulative ESAs for Design Life to select Traffic
Classification (see DC Guidelines Section 3.2)

Reviewed
reference (if any)
A
B
C

4. Topographic Survey
The review and field check of the Topographic Survey undertaken during detailed design is one
of the key elements of the WCR and must be carried out as early as possible in the period
allocated for the WCR. Since agreement has to be reached with the contractor on existing
ground levels throughout, it is recommended that the check field survey is carried out jointly with
the contractor.
All field survey work during the review should be carried out using modern digital instruments
enabling easy transfer of digital field data to the proposed DTM. The DTM shall be compatible
with the road design software MX Roads which is UNRA’s preferred design software. All raw
data captured during the survey should be maintained for scrutiny, particularly important should
there be lack of correlation between design and review surveys.
In addition to the field survey, the SC is to review the procedures and data arising from the survey
undertaken by the DC to ensure that the initial survey, the DTM and the setting out beacons are
correctly referenced for use in the works.
List of requirements for initial survey to be Included in Report Reviewed Comment

4.1 Design Reference reference (if any)
checked under WCR
Was National Grid and AMSL datum used for
D primary setting out. If National Grid not used, what
datum used?
Review description of survey procedures used by
E
the Consultant
F Verify Methodology of establishing primary stations
Check and verify the attained accuracy for the
H
Control survey (both vertical and Horizontal)
Check Monographs for National beacons used to
J reference the survey
Verify reliability of National beacons used
Check sketches/Monographs for the Permanent
K
Beacons established by surveyors
Check if beacons have been suitably positioned
L
outside the construction zone.
Additional Data files from Initial survey to Section 4.2 describes data files and
4.2
be reviewed if DTMs do not correspond documents that need only be checked if field
A csv data files for detailed survey checks under WCR reveal major errors in
B Summary of Feature Codes used
either setting out beacons or detailed survey
data presented in the DTM
C Rinex files(where GPS measurements were done)
D Traverse Field and computation sheets
Differential Levelling raw data and computation
E
files
F Summary of Control points
Digital Terrain Model (DTM) detail in dxf or dwg
G
format
H Field notes for the survey control network/traverse
Adjustment of the survey control network/traverse
I
and evidence of conformity to TOR
Field notes and reduced observation of field data
J
for creation of models

Included in Report Reviewed Comment

4.3 Design Survey Report and Output Checks Design Reference reference (if any)
Does survey datum on this project tie in with survey
Extra beacons on adjacent projects (if any adjacent
project exists)?
Are Primary, secondary and TBM beacons
Extra adequately constructed, marked, referenced in the
field and easy to find?
Is proper drawing available with schedule of all
Extra National, Primary and Secondary setting out
beacons?
Are string lines and contour lines on DTM
complete and does DTM have sufficient detail to
A reference existing road, drainage pipes and
structures, properties, cross sections and
longitudinal profile?
Are locations of Utility services in the right of way
B
all recorded on DTM?
Is the Survey Control Sheet, including Primary
C Survey Control Schedule of Beacons within
acceptable accuracy as per TOR
Do photos and referencing sketches in reports
D show clearly the location of the national control
beacons and all primary beacons?
Were details of properties and boundaries marked
on DTM suitable for preparation of strip maps for
E
land acquisition and were coordinates recorded
for corners of all affected properties?
Did extent of survey cover areas of proposed
F
realignment?
Were extra survey points taken on sealed road
G
surfaces to define overall shape of existing road
Did DC lodge national control information with
H
department of Surveys and Mapping?
4.4 LAND ACQUISITION

4.5.1 Land Acquisition Reports, Documentation Design Reference reference (if any)
Review Draft Valuation Report comprising:
- Separate Valuation sheets for land, crops and
structures (with photos) in tabular form
D
showing calculations of compensations and
reference notes to entries on strip maps
Are these complete and adequate?
Review Final Assessment Report including:
- Details of road reserve
- Land take summary based upon strip maps
and valuation sheets
- Details of proposed treatment of trading areas
Review progress of compensation payments and
E
prepare programme covering:
- Land with immediate access
- Short term delays in access to properties
- Longer term access delays
(Prepare Progress chart on access agreements -
see schedule in Annex 4.2)
Check Approval by CGV of Valuations, plot survey
F
acquisition data and Report

Field Survey Checks by SC (in Included in Report Reviewed Comment

coordination with the project contractor)
Using differential GPS dual pole receivers, SC
shall re-establish and check coordinates of primary
beacons.
A If there are discrepancies in excess of the
allowable tolerance detailed in the TOR for the DC,
the matter shall be discussed with UNRA as soon
as possible.
If the primary beacons are found to be within the
allowable tolerances the SC shall proceed with
B
checking all secondary setting out beacons and
TMBs.
Using a combination of the centerline of the
existing road and the proposed centerline of the
upgraded road in the areas of re-alignment, SC is
C to undertake a complete detailed survey to
minimum of 30m either side to establish an
independent DTM of the full length of the project
road.
Comparison of DTMs from Initial DC Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Survey and WCR Survey by SC
SC to undertake direct comparison of a selection
of positions and levels of key identifiable points
A
(e.g. bridge abutments, culvert walls, building
corners etc) over the full length of the project.
SC to prepare selection of cross sections of new
B DTM and compare with cross sections for exact
location from original DTM.
SC to prepare from original DTM and original
alignment design (from MX Roads software),
C
schedule of total cut and fill quantities for each
1.0km length of alignment.
SC to use new DTM and original alignment design
D and prepare similar schedule of cut and fill
quantities for each 1.0km length of road.
SC and contractor to compare these quantities
and, where possible, agree standard quantities for
alignment design.
If comparison of the two separate DTMs or the
E sets of earthworks quantities reveal significant
errors, (target difference <3%) the evidence of
differences between the original DC survey and
the SC survey should be submitted to UNRA
without delay.
Under Section 13 below (Bills of Quantities) SC
will review the build-up of gross earthworks
quantities. The overall quantities shall include for
the standard cross sections, plus variations in
respect of:
Urban layouts
F
Climbing lanes
Cut slopes varied from standards
Roadside drainage
Curve induced embankment widening
Widening for high embankments and guardrail

5. Geometric Design
Guidelines for Detailed Design contain twelve separate sections under Geometric Design, most
of which will not affect the three principle objectives of the WRC which are to ensure that the
project is completed to specification, on time and within budget. Only the sections which may
affect the completion within those objectives are therefore listed below.
As detailed in Section 1 of the WCR, review of the Design Base Statement (DBS) is included
and hence Table 5.1 below and the first table in Annex 5.3 of the Design Guidelines need to be
reviewed.

5.1 Preliminary Geometric Design Criteria Design Reference reference (if any)
WCR to confirm geometric design has been
undertaken using the Ugandan Road Design Manual
A published by the Ministry of Works, Housing and
Communications, dated 2010.
If not what document used?
Where comparisons with other design practices are
B called for in the TOR, what alternative codes were
used and for what purpose?
Were the key elements of geometric design
contained in the Design Base Statement (DBS)
approved by UNRA. These should include the
following:
- Road Functional Classification
- Level of Access control
- Target traffic capacity and selecting Road
Design Class
C - Desirable and Absolute LoS
- Standard geometric parameters to be used
throughout (as Annex 5.3)
- Parameters for dealing with parking in heavy
urbanised area
- Largest design vehicle for junctions and
hairpin sections (if any)
- Typical cross sections in all areas to be used
in software design

5.2 Preliminary Field Design Works Design Reference reference (if any)
Check Terrain Classification for full length. Should
A
it be divided into separate sections?
B Identify areas of high pedestrian and urban activity
Confirm design speeds for all sections of road
C
including urban areas
Check agreed Right of Way and note whether any
D
variations are appropriate

5.3 Alignment Design Design Reference reference (if any)
A Check for inconsistencies in Digital Terrain Model
Confirm basic geometric design parameters used
B as in RDM. Check list of departures in Departures
Report.
Check Mass Haul diagram in Interpretative Soils
D and Materials Report. Evaluate balance of cut and
fill to ensure haulage remains reasonable.


5.4 WCR Checks on final Hor/Vert alignments Design Reference reference (if any)
Ensure changes in vertical alignment do not
B adversely affect drainage or access to adjacent
properties
Ensure vertical and horizontal alignments are in
C
harmony in accordance with design manuals
Ensure all sections have adequate cross or
D longitudinal fall, particularly in middle of transition
curves
Ensure adequate cover over all cross culverts and
F
adequate discharge gradients used
WCR to Check for inclusion of following Included in Report Reviewed Comment

additional details in contract drawings
Drawings to be available with horizontal and
B
vertical setting out schedules for final alignment
Drawings for major intersections, roundabouts, etc
C
to have setting out details and surfacing levels
Schedules of climbing lanes, curve and
D
embankment widening to be available
Details of proposed rehabilitation of existing
E
pavement
F Accommodation works to access or service roads
Specific details to any major traffic diversions
G
(excluding those on standard details)
H Proposed diversions to service utilities.
Schedules of roadside furniture with details of
I
materials and methods of fixing
Location schedules of features shown on standard
J drawings such as guard rails, fencing, bus and
truck stops, minor road junctions, etc.
For drainage sections 5.5K, L and M, see section 8
K
below
Sub surface drainage to areas with high water
N table or in deep cut where groundwater may be
under pressure.
Cut off drains to hillsides where surface water may
O
damage embankment or cutting.
Note – If the above details are not available in the contract drawings, SC will be expected to
complete the necessary construction drawings in time for use by the contractor
5.9 Accommodation of Traffic Design Reference reference (if any)
See UNRA Clarification Note for Design
A Engineers – Issue 0004
Check inclusion of standard Traffic

Accommodation drawings in contract documents
B
and provide any additional project specific
drawings
Review Special Specification items 1500.
C Check quantities for items under BOQ 15.01 and
15.02
Check inclusion in Special Specification for
maintenance of existing road throughout its length
D during validity of construction period as in
suggested UTSS item 12.34. Check also for items
in BOQ 12.38 for maintenance.

WCR of drawings showing Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Accommodation Works in Trading Areas
See UNRA Clarification Note for Design
Engineers – Issue 0005
A Some of the problems are listed below and
drawings should be checked for each trading area
through which the road will pass.
Ensure all properties adjacent or likely to be
affected by the road are shown on DTM and
B survey plan.
Review proposed speed restrictions and traffic
calming measures for appropriateness.
Ensure designs allow for the following:
- vehicle access to properties
C - vehicle offloading areas
- space for trading/stalls
- short and long term vehicle parking
Review where vertical alignment will create
unacceptable slopes and access steps, retaining
walls etc may be required. Are details of these
facilities shown?
Check surface water runoff and outfalls from road.
D
Also check surface water run off onto the road
from adjacent accesses and junctions.
Check effects of runoff from road onto adjacent
properties and ensure designs for contoured
drainage disposal points are available.
Check suitable drainage (probably lined) through
areas where covered drains are necessary or
those areas having crossing points for pedestrians
E
and vehicles.
Guidelines suggest only use wide V drains where
frontage roads are prepared.
Check type and locations of Bus lay-bys, parking
areas, footpaths, access for non-motorised traffic
F and traffic calming have all been detailed. Check
also that details of road signs and road marking atr
available with schedules of locations.
Check for drawing plans and cross sections being
available for all affected villages where details
G
cannot be shown on ordinary Plan/Profile
drawings.
Note – If the above details are not available in the contract drawings, SC will be expected to
complete the necessary construction drawings in time for use by the contractor

Road Safety Audit Design Reference reference (if any)
5.12
SC to read Final Road Safety Audit Report and
A ensure that recommendations contained in that
report have been included in final design drawings.

6 Soils and Materials Investigations

The SC shall assemble the following documentation for particular review of soils
investigations:
- The Factual Soils and Materials Report for the project
- The Interpretative Soils and Materials Report for the project
- The Plan and Profile drawings, upon which details of soil investigations can be entered
- Detailed cross sections to review at each point where the above details are to be
inserted
- If available, sketches showing location and level relative to existing road level of DCP
tests and trial pit samples
Ensure that the chainage of all trial pits, test locations and test results have been adjusted and
correlated to the final horizontal alignment chainage (or expressed in correct coordinates) and
not to the approximate initial chainage of the existing road, adopted by the soil investigation
teams.
SC is to mark up the plan and profile drawings with all available data of subgrade soils
investigation (e.g. trial pits, subgrade CBR results (laboratory and DCP results), areas of
expansive clays or black cotton soils, known rock profile, extra depth investigations in
proposed cuttings, investigations in marshy areas etc.) This marking should show clearly on
plan, where the investigation was carried out and where possible, on profile, should show the
depth relative to the new road centreline. This can be obtained from examination of the
appropriate cross section which should show the depth relative to both existing and proposed
finished road levels.
Key areas of concern in soils investigation are described below. It may be necessary for
the SC is to undertake additional sampling and testing as part of the WCR:
- within road prism where existing embankment material is soft but is to be retained
without any improved subgrade. Soft material below the formation level will have to be
removed in such cases.
- adjacent to existing road prism but outside the existing embankment, with special
attention to pay towards possible differential settlement if part of embankment retained
- in materials to be excavated in deep cuts with special attention to estimates of possible
rock excavation with identification if it will be paid as rock or can be removed by ripper,
- in deep cuts where poor material, unsuitable for fill, may be found
- in cuttings where ground water, under pressure, may affect the pavement layers
- in cuttings where samples should be tested in triaxial tests to review the design side
slopes (alteration to slopes in deep cuts may make considerable savings in excavation
quantities)
- Failure to categorise cut material as probably suitable for use as G7 or G15 material
thus reducing imported borrow for improved subgrade
- identifying and testing weak soils, expansive clays or black cotton soils in or below
subgrade level
- extra depth DCP tests, vane tests or boreholes to establish depth of soft materials to
be removed from swamp areas or depth to be retained and estimation of settlement
characteristics

- where the depth from existing ground level upwards to proposed formation level
exceeds 600mm and where improved subgrade materials will be used, the CBR value
of the subsoil becomes irrelevant to the selection of the soil strength classification.
Note: the above assumes that all topsoil under the proposed or existing embankments will be
removed.
Key areas of concern in Materials Investigation are described below. They include the
following situations for which the SC will need the assistance of the contractor to undertake
exploration, identification, sampling and testing of further samples. The additional tests may be
on either “as dug” samples, or stabilised or modified:
- Lack of guidance from Interpretative Soils Report on use of existing pavement
materials in proposed construction
- Conditions where the haulage distances between suitable borrow areas is excessive
- Limited supply of as dug material suitable for sub base
- Limited number of samples taken per borrow area providing insufficient assurance as
to the depth, extent and consistency of the seam,
- Too few tests have been carried out on materials to be used in stabilised or modified
form with insufficient data on source or quantities of additives used in stabilised
materials
- Lack of proper samples from potential rock quarries with absence of extracted cores
from boreholes.
Table 6.4.1 below contains questionnaire on the conduct and reporting of the Soils
Investigation and the SC should confirm if the investigation was carried out successfully or
whether additional investigation work will be required. Table 6.4.2 below should be used to list
the extra works carried out by the SC and the test data shall be attached in an Appendix.
Review of Soils Reports by SC Included in Report Reviewed Comment

6.4.1 Design Reference reference (if any)
DCP tests and recording data from locations

A adjacent to existing alignment
Recording of depth and offset from Centreline
DCP test (or suitable alternative) in swamp areas
B
to assess depth to sounder, founding strata
DCP test (or suitable alternative) in areas with
C
proposed deep cut to assess quality of cut material
DCP tests and recording data for areas with
D expansive clays either under or adjacent to
existing alignment
Excavation, sampling, testing from test pits
E
adjacent to existing alignment.
Assessment of depth and width of top soil to be
F
excavated in clearing of site and stored for reuse
Assessment of percentage of cut materials most
G
likely to be taken to spoil as unsuitable for fill.
Assessment of quality of cut (e.g. G3, G7, G15) to
H
be available for fill
Assessment of percentage of cut material likely to
I
be measured as rock

Location and grid testing of potential borrow pits

J
for fill with suitable presentation of lab tests
Location and grid testing of potential borrow pits
K
with lab test results for use as granular sub base
Description of sampling and testing of granular
L
materials with chemical stabilisation
Description of sampling and testing of granular
M
materials with mechanical modification
Location, identification sampling and testing of
N
suitable quantities of base course material
Location, sampling and testing of potential sources
O
of rock for wearing course aggregate
P
of rock for concrete aggregates
Q
of water for concrete works and other uses
R
of fine aggregates for concrete
SC is to list areas of the above investigation, sampling, testing and presentation of results that
is deemed unsatisfactory and where further investigation was necessary under the WCR.
Further field investigations carried out by Included in Report Reviewed Comment

6.4.2 Design Reference reference (if any)
SC under WCR
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
6.5 Selection of the Subgrade strength Classification

The principle indicator used in defining the strength of the alignment subgrade shall be the
CBR derived from the laboratory CBR tests.
Other data including the soil classification, liquid limit, plasticity index, natural moisture content
and swell potential should also be considered to assist in establishing the representative
strength characteristics exhibited in reasonably uniform lengths of subgrade soils. Separate
uniform sections should be of a reasonable length to assist with ease of construction.
However, economic considerations may dictate certain changes in design over shorter lengths
where areas of extreme material variation are found (e.g. expansive clays).
Isolated locations within any ‘uniform’ section which have strength characteristics below the
overall chosen representative CBR for the section, can be brought up to the required minimum
design strength by one of the following:
- replacing material of the upper zone of the subgrade material with material possessing
better strength parameters (improved subgrade),
- mixing material with better stability characteristics into the upper zone of the subgrade

- stabilisation with additives such as lime, cement or other chemical treatments.

Having established the minimum subgrade strength in terms of design CBR for each uniform
section, the Subgrade Classification may be determined.
Selection of design Subgrade Strength Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Classification
SC to review presentation of CBR test results from
A laboratory, see Figure 6.4. dividing project road
into lengths which exhibit similar characteristics .
th
Select average CBR Using 90 percentile for each
B
chosen, similar length
Use that average CBR to read off Subgrade
C
Strength classification (S1 to S6)
Review this selection with that taken by DC in
Final Pavement Design. If a significant difference
occurs between the classification chosen by DC
D
and that selected by SC, this should be discussed
with UNRA, together with the implications of the
differing costs of construction.

6.8 Design of Roads through Swamp Design Reference reference (if any)
See Clarification Note for Design Engineers -
Issue 0006 – Swamps
Where constructing an upgrading or widening of the
road, establish the alignment, if possible, so that
A
filling is required on one side only.
Was one sided widening achieved?
Do drawings show the following details?:
- All the soil investigation details
- Any proposed stage construction
- Whether widening is on one or both sides
- Where rock fill is to be used, are changes
shown in selected grading in topmost layers
- Where geogrids or geotextiles are to be used, is
E
type specified?
- Height of rock fill above HWL and side slopes
- Estimation of settlement depth and time to
consolidate, with proposed surcharge load,
height, duration and removal details,
- Details of proposed relief culverts and
extension details for existing culverts
Does special specification give details covering
- Grading of fill materials at varied levels
- Details of method of measurement which should
be to fixed depth (not by truck load)
F
- Additional payment for fill after settlement
- Gauges for measurement of settlement
- Dimensions and method of measurement for
surcharge, and subsequent removal
Were details of the above prepared separately for all
G
swamps on the project road?

7 Pavement Design
The following guidelines are aimed at reminding the SC of the steps that should have been
considered during the pavement design for new or upgrading of existing roads.

7.1 Outline Process for Pavement Design Design Reference reference (if any)
The Pavement Design of any sealed, non concrete
road surface, shall be designed according to the
Road Design Manual, Volume 3, Pavement
Design, Part 1, Flexible Pavements, (2010 edition)
published by the Ministry of Works, Housing and
A Communications.
The Catalogue of Pavement Structures used in
this manual for design of flexible pavements
should not be used for any of the conditions listed
in item B below.
a) Nominal subgrade strength measured in

terms of CBR over any substantial length
is less than 2%
b) The design life pavement loading is
estimated to be in excess of 30 million
equivalent standard axles (ESAs)
B
c) The wearing course will not provide and
impervious surfacing
d) The road does not have a minimum 2.5%
crossfall (camber)
e) The shoulder width is less than 1.0m wide
on each side of the carriageway.
The SC Reviewer should check and confirm each

C
of the possibilities described in 7.1.B above.
The Pavement Design Manual outlines the

following 6 steps. These are:
(i) Estimating the cumulative traffic loading
expected during the design life.
(ii) Defining the strength of the subgrade
(soil) over which the road will be built
(iii) Defining the nominal operating climate
(wet or dry)
(iv) Defining the strength of the existing
D pavement layers where an overlay will be
applied to existing sealed surface
(v) Determining any practical aspects which
will influence the design selection.
(vi) Selecting possible pavement structures.
Each step is considered separately below in

Section 7.2 (i) to 7.2.(vi) - The Pavement Design
Process.

7.2 The Pavement Design Process
7.2 (i) Establishment of Traffic Loading (ESAs)

7.2 (i) Establishment of Traffic Loading (ESAs) Design Reference reference (if any)
SC to confirm that the Traffic Report (or Final
Engineering Report) established correctly the
estimated cumulative traffic loading for each
discreet section of the road
(see Section 3.2 above)
7.2(ii) Assessment of Subgrade Soil Strength

7.2 (ii) Assessment of Subgrade Soil Strength Design Reference reference (if any)
From Table 6.5 in the Soils and Materials section
the Subgrade Soil Strength Classification is
established
7.2 (iii) Define Normal Operating Climate

7.2 (iii) Define Normal Operating Climate Design Reference reference (if any)
SC to review the DC Report selection of Wet or
Dry Operating Climate for the region within which
the road exists.
SC Reviewer to comment on DC choice and use
of this section.
7.2 (iv) Identification of Overlay Criteria

For existing pavement requiring strengthening by bituminous overlay, review the information on the surface condition
gathered under the road inventory to assess the degree of existing deformation. If quantity of bituminous material
required to regulate existing surface is uneconomic, removal of bituminous layer (and possible reuse of material) and
reconstruction of base course and bituminous layers may be better option.
For those sections where extent of deformation is acceptable, carry out a Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) or
Benkelman Beam survey on each lane of the existing pavement to be strengthened. This should be used to identify
the weakest locations for each lane, such as in wheel paths. The residual strength characteristics may thus be
identified, and if appropriate, divided into uniform sections for design of the suitable overlay necessary for the design
life loading of each section.
7.2 (iv) Identification of Overlay Criteria Design Reference reference (if any)
DC to state report reference for Section 7.2(iii) in
submitted documentation.
SC Reviewer to comment on DC analysis of
deflection and possible overlay.
7.2 (v) Define Practical Aspects of Pavement Design

Review the location, availability and characteristics of the various pavement material options identified in the Soils and
Materials Investigation Report. Determine whether they are suitable for use in their “as-dug” condition or whether it
will be necessary to undertake some stabilisation or modification to improve the “as laid” characteristics of CBR and
Plasticity.
This review should use a materials utilisation chart such as contained in Figure 5.2 above with careful cost
comparisons of each material including necessary haulage.
Define Practical Aspects of Pavement Included in Report Reviewed Comment
7.2 (v) Design Reference reference (if any)
Design
DC to state report reference for Section 7.2(iii) in
SC Reviewer to comment on suitability of
selected pavement materials.

7.2 (vi) Selection of suitable Pavement Structure

By selection under Task 7.2 (i) of the cumulative ESAs giving Traffic Classification, task 7.2 (ii) for the Soils
Classification and task 7.2 (iii) for the climate criterion, the most appropriate pavement structures and layer
thicknesses may be read off from the Catalogue of Pavement Designs. These must be appropriate to the materials
available as identified through task 7.2 (v).
Where overlay design is required, Uganda Road Design Manual deals with pavement strengthening in Volume 3, Part
I, Flexile Pavements (ref.7) and Part IV, Pavement Rehabilitation Guide (ref. 8). This provides a solution using
Structural Number Method for analysis of the residual strength in the existing pavement structure in order to design
the required overlay to achieve the load carrying capacity arrived at under 7.2 (i). The principle of this method is
described below but there are some difficulties with its use.

7.2 (vi) Selection of suitable Pavement Structure Design Reference reference (if any)
DC to state report reference for Section 7.2(vi) in
SC Reviewer to comment on DC use of this
section and the selection of pavement (s) from
the catalogue in the Pavement Design Manual to
be used for the project road.
If alternative Design Codes or methods of design
of overlays have been used, the Reviewer
should make an assessment of the suitability and
economy of the resulting design.
7.3 Alternative Layer Configurations
The SC should comment on possible variations to the pavement layer configurations derived
by the DC and offer reasoned recommendations for which alternative configuration could be
adopted.
7.4 Alternative Design Methodology
The DC may have made comparisons of the pavement layers derived under the MOWHC
Pavement Design Manual with those derived from other design codes or methods. If such
alternatives are contained in the Engineering Report, the SC should comment thereon.

8 - Hydrology / Hydraulics Investigation

The correct identification, location and description of condition of the existing features of the
drainage facilities forms part of the road inventory described in Section 1 above. The
proposals for replacement, repair of existing or construction of new drainage structures should
be contained in the various drainage schedules prepared by the Design Consultant.
The Works Contract Review therefore consists mostly of a review of the basic parameters for
estimating run off, an Inventory of drainage facilities, reconnaissance visit(s) to site and
examination of the drawings and schedules of typical culverts, side drainage and more
particular individual drawings of box culverts and bridges.
WCR Assessment of Basic parameters for Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Flood Projections
Methodology
Review the suitability of hydrological model used for
calculation of flows in major and minor systems e.g.,
A - Rational Method,
- Probabilistic Analysis,
- SCS Unit Hydrograph,
- TRRL or Regional Maximum Flood,
Storm Return Period
B Check that correct flood return periods have been
used as per Table 3.2, Section 3 of the DDM
Freeboard to structures
Check selected freeboard complies with Section 9
of the DDM
- 250 mm for major roads and
C
- 100 mm for minor roads
- Minimum for bridges should be 300 mm
increasing to 1.0 m for design floods >1000
3 3
m /sec and 2.0 m for flows >10,000 m /sec.
Rainfall
D - Check rainfall data to determine the rainfall
intensity/ duration/frequency
Catchment
- Review catchment areas on catchment map
E and slope of each major channel
- Review catchment areas relative to the side
and median drains.
Time of Concentration
- Determine as outlined in Section 4 or 5 of the
F
DDM depending on the methodology
adopted and the catchment characteristics
Details of hydraulics and hydrology for the bridges on the project do not require a detailed
analytical review at this stage. However the SC Reviewer will be expected to report on all
major water courses, following visits to site, examination of current structures, and basic
hydraulic observations. Such observations can indicate the sufficiency of an existing structure
e.g.
- Is the new bridge soffit level higher than the existing or original?
- Is the new channel opening between abutments as wide or wider than the existing
channel opening?
- What evidence is there of flooding in the area upstream of the bridge

- Are there any high water marks on the face of the abutments and piers that would
indicate adequacy of the existing channel
If all indicators are positive then no specialist check will be required. If the opening of the new
structure is no larger than existing, flood evidence is noticeable and if there is evidence of
scouring or erosion near the bridge, then the SC should call in the services of a
Hydraulics/Hydrology specialist to review the detailed design.
Similar examination should be made for all major cross culverts to ascertain if overtopping of
existing structures has occurred and estimate channel sizes upstream and downstream
together with channel roughness. The condition of all inlet and outlet structures to be retained
or repaired shall be checked, particularly for signs of erosion on the outlet side.
The following elements of design shall be checked to identify and remove any design errors
and to correct any design omissions:
8.7 General Design Elements Reviewed Comment reference

(if any)
The catchment area map and culvert schedules with characteristics and
calculated flows (see Table 8.2.A in Annex 8 of the Design Guidelines)
A prepared under the Detailed Design shall be checked by SC for data
input, completeness and data output.
Check positions of culverts on long section (profile) drawings to ensure
B suitable positioning at lowest points and relief cross culverts on long
gradients with one sided cross falls.
Check details of new and remedial works to inlet chambers, headwalls,
C wingwalls, gabions, erosion protection and invert lining to roadside
drains adjacent to culverts;
The minimum diameter of a cross pipe culvert under a road should be
D 900mm or its equivalent in corrugated metal pipe arches. Ensure all
600mm diameter pipes are replaced where possible.
Record shapes and lengths of existing roadside drains (lined and
unlined) and check capacity with proposals on drawings. Assess during
E the field visit the stretches of road where turnouts to roadside drains
are possible and check that a schedule is provided with contract
drawings.
Observe possible adverse effects on properties adjacent to road for
F both discharges from the road itself and also discharge from proposed
lined drains.
Check swamp areas to ascertain if there are existing relief culverts or
G whether any are proposed.
Check steep slopes for water velocities and run off. Check for details of
any proposed energy dissipaters, cascades or other erosion protection
H measures in roadside drains with gradients and bed material liable to
erosion.
Check detailed drawings of subsoil and cut off drainage to embankment
I and pavement, showing filter media, catch pits, outlets particularly in
cuttings with potential water under pressure.

9 Structures Design
The SC shall use the services of an Engineer experienced in bridge design to review the
structural drawings for any box culvert with a span in excess of 4 metres and for any multiple
span bridge or bridge with a single span in excess of 12 metres. However except where
specifically stated, a detailed check of the structural analysis of each element will not be
required under the WCR.
The requirements for hydraulic/hydrology reviews are considered in Section 8 above.
9.A PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHECK FOR BRIDGES
WCR of Proposed Codes as detailed in the Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Final Engineering Report
A Check Bridge Design Loading Codes
Determine appropriate seismic design loading
B values for acceleration coefficient, bridge
importance etc
C Check Bridge Design Codes
Check Road Cross-section on bridge, or under
D
bridge in the case of an underbridge/overbridge
Review local bridge temperatures for design
E
temperature range
F Review parapet design standard
Review Ugandan geometric design codes for
G
decking alignment

9.3 Review Conceptual Bridge Design Design Reference reference (if any)
Check Chainage and GIS Location of proposed
A
Bridge and consider possible need for skew angle
Review location of bridge in relation to existing
structures and possible realignment of road to
B
enable construction off line to improve traffic
management
Locate any existing utilities, water mains,
C
overhead cables etc
Check available headroom /freeboard allowed
D
(see Design Guidelines Section 8.3c)
Check proposed channel width using existing
E upstream and downstream channel data (See
Design Guidelines Section 8.2b);
Check proposed carriageway surfacing depth,
vertical and cross-section profiles of carriageway
F
both on the bridge and road under (if applicable) to
UNRA standards
Confirm relative ease of construction in respect of
H vertical and horizontal alignment, beams bearings,
supporting formwork
Consider ease of construction, “buildability” and
K
economics of alternative designs (See Annex 9.3)


9.4 Bridge Articulation considerations Design Reference reference (if any)
Review type of movement joints and articulation
options from construction and maintenance points
of view
A - Integral decks with no movement joints (max
span around 60 metres)
- OR floating decks on elastomeric bearings
with lateral restraint
9.B DETAILED DESIGN CHECK FOR BRIDGES
This section of Bridge Review contains a number of check points which serve to remind the
Reviewer of some details that should be addressed by the Designer and checked for inclusion
in the bridge design drawings.
Under the WCR review the following points should be checked in a yes/no method and
answers indicating observance, or otherwise, placed against each item in the notes
9.5 Geotechnical Investigation Yes No

Was geotechnical investigation carried out using method of shell and auger borehole,
continuous coring sampling for both rock and hard clays. Spoon sampling for sands and silts?
Was depth of borehole suitable to reflect likely strata to depth of proposed foundation.
Are piled foundations to be used?
Is foundation design for shallow rather than piled foundation?
Were boreholes close to, or at proposed substructure locations?
Check if co-ordinates and ground level of boreholes were taken in addition to detailed soil logs
and are they shown on drawings
Was a longer term piezomenter installation made?
Check Output in Geotechnical Report contains the following:
- Plot of soil profile with depth including water table and results from piezometer readings
- Plot of soil strength (SPT) or cohesion with depth
- Table of soil index and classifications
- Recommendations on allowable bearing pressure
- Recommendations on expected settlement
- Recommendations on fill soil pressure parameters ka, kp, ko
Additional Guidance in detailing Bridge Design in which notes are aimed at improving
durability and maintenance through recommended design practice is given in 9.6. below.
9.6 Additional Guidance in detailing of Bridge Design Yes No

Bearings
- Make provision for bearing replacement with bearing plinths having minimum height of
100mm for access
- Design should allow for specific Jacking positions with sufficient space and headroom.
- Bearing shelf should be accessible for cleaning and be self draining
Drainage
- Deck drainage should have positive outfall away from beams.
- Provide for carrying water from leaking movement joints away from the structure.
- Detail all drips on parapet cantilevers and pier cross-heads to prevent staining
- Provide weep-holes in abutment and wingwalls
- Provide back of wall drainage/geotextile drainage membranes
- Provide positive maintainable back of wall drainage with rodding eyes/manholes

Construction Details
- Deck construction sequence should be shown on drawings, especially for continuous
decks.
- Show method of fixing bearings to beams and bearing plinth/installation sequence.
- Allow for pre-cambering concrete and steel beams under loading.
- Review the provision of tapered bearing plates to accommodate camber
- Show details of all chamfers to corners.
Steel Construction Details
- Provide adequate bracing at all supports and in span bracing for steel beam composite
deck erection.
- Details of splice joints cover plates, bolting HSFG, detailing of web stiffeners/bearing
stiffeners especially if deck skewed for access by welding equipment
- Steelwork finishing, metal spray, galvanising, painting etc
Reinforcement Detailing
- Stagger laps for all bars
- All bars to be adjustable across the concrete section unless less than I metre width to
ensure bending tolerances do not result in cover loss
- Review maximum steel percentages
- Bar spacing not exceeding 150mm for thermal cracking considerations
- Construction joints to be shown to ensure they can be constructed properly
- Waterstops and joint detailing in construction joints to be shown
- Review detailing of column seismic plastic hinge zones for conformity with codes
9.7 Detailed Review Design Checks

A detailed design review by a bridge specialist may be carried out following consideration of
level heights, member sizes, determined load paths, construction sequences etc, using spread
sheet design checks for the key sections of Substructure design and Superstructure design.
Suggested checks may be seen in Section 9.7 below
9.7 Spreadsheet Design Checks Yes No
Substructure Design
- Shear and bending moment check on bottom of abutment wall
- Shear and bending moment check at base of wingwall sections and where average
height between reinforcement/wall section changes
- Calculation of maximum bearing pressures or maximum pile loading on front row
- Check on main steel in footing or pilecap and simplified bending at footing/pilecap
section at abutment
- Check on punching shear in the case of extreme corner of piles
Superstructure Design
- Local shear and bending moment check on deck slab
- ULS bending moment check using simplified strip method on main deck beam
- Plastic ULS on pre-cast pre-stressed beam, beam upper and lower flange, check on
composite section, check of longitudinal shear for beam slab connection
- ULS shear check using simplified strip method on main deck beam. shear stud spacing
on steel composite section, link spacing check on precast or reinforced concrete beam
- Local wheel load check on deck slab steel with simplified global load check

More general detail checks may be carried out using the list in Section 9.8 below.
Annex 9.8 General Detail Drawing Checks Yes No

Check Bridge General Arrangement Drawing
- Review drawing Index for completeness
- Review appropriate use of Standard details and adequate cross-referencing of
drawings to each other and to road works details as necessary
- Tie in of Bridge with Highway alignment
- Tie in of road embankment with structure earthwork
- Plan, elevations of deck, substructure(s) foundation types, deck cross-section including
carriageway cross-section, verges, surfacing, parapet types are marked,
- Sufficient details are shown to set out and build the structure. (Levels dimensions, skew
angles etc)
- Drawings contain plan of waterway up and downstream
- Plans indicate location of erosion control and note where details may be found
- Review Setting out points for substructures
- Dimensioning of substructures from setting out points
- Skew angles of substructure against structure centreline
- Borehole location references and note where borehole logs can be found if not on
drawing
Construction Drawings
- The limits are clearly identified between the structure earthworks and road construction
- Parapet/safety fence tie in details are correct and safe (no projection of rail or parapet)
- Bridge drainage outfalls do not cause erosion of embankment
- Carriageway drainage provisions do not conflict with bridge layout e.g French drains
along the front of spread footings, gullies through footings etc.
- Provision of ducts for street lighting/utilities
- Approach slab detailing (preferably set below pavement layers)
- Check arrangement of bridge structure centreline in relation to horizontal and vertical
alignment of carriageways. Check need for extra widening of bridge to accommodate
carriageway on sharp horizontal curve. Check application of carriageway
superelevation does not take place over the deck.
- Ensure durability and maintenance considerations have been incorporated into the
designs
- Check consistency of reinforcement details between elevations and sections

10 Economic Evaluation
(Note: For the purposes of Works Contract Review by the Supervising
Engineer, this Section 10 need NOT be reviewed)

11 Standard Bidding Documents

11.1 Standard Documentation
The Bidding Documents in use by UNRA for construction of new roads, bridges and upgrading
works are based upon those entitled “Procurement of Works” published by the World Bank in
October 2004 and known as the Harmonised version (2006 version). These have been
formatted for use by UNRA to comply with particular project requirements.
WCR Requirements Reviewed Comment

11.1 Standard Bidding Documents reference (if any)
Section
Instructions to Bidders No review required
1
(standard document)
Bid Data Sheet No review required
2
(adjusted to particular details by DC)
Evaluation and Qualification Sheets No review required
3
(adjusted to particular details by DC)
Bid Forms No review required
(adjusted to particular details including except on BoQ which is
4
preparation of BoQ.) reviewed under Section
13 below
Eligible Countries for Bidding (standard No review required
5
document)
Work Requirements including the following:
- Scope of Works (prepared by DC) No review required
- General Specification (standard document No review required
6
see item 12.1 below)
- Supplementary Information (to be prepared No review required
by bidder)
- Special Specification (see item12.2 below) Review under Section 12
- List of Tender Drawings (prepared by DC) Check with list of issued
drawings
General Conditions of Contract (the standard No review required
document used is 2005 edition of the World
Bank Harmonized Edition of the Conditions of
Contract for Construction prepared and
7
copyrighted by the International Federation of
Consulting Engineers (Fédération
Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils, or
FIDIC)
Particular Conditions of Contract (adjusted to No review required
8
particular details by DC)
Annex to Particular Conditions of Contract No review required
9
(Standard Contract Forms)

12 Specifications
12.1 General Specifications
The Standard Bidding Documents prepared by the World Bank and to be used in all UNRA
contracts for new and upgrading works refer to a General Specification and a Special
Specification (also sometimes referred to as Particular Specification). The General Specification
referred to in the contract documents and to be used shall be the following:
General Specifications for Road and Bridge Works, published in January

2010 by the Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications of the
Republic of Uganda.
Work shall be carried out in accordance with the General Specifications except as supplemented,
modified or revised under the Special Specification to be included in the Contract Documents.
12.2 Special Specifications

The SC shall review the Special Specification to ascertain the extent and suitability of the
additional specification clauses for the particular project. To assist in reviewing this document,
the SC may refer to the Uganda Typical Special Specification (UTSS) which was developed in
2010 by collating the special specifications submitted by 9 design consultants, all working on
different design commissions. The clauses were edited to collect general and applicable
clauses and the document re-issued for comment by the 9 consultants. It provides typical
clauses that may be used on upgrading projects.
However most of the clauses contained in the UTSS are of a general nature and not project
specific. The Special Specification to be reviewed under the WCR should also contain project
specific clauses.
The SC is to note any items of work for which the General and Special Specifications do not
provide sufficient instruction, specific control or conditions. Any such omissions shall be drawn
to the attention of UNRA at the earliest opportunity to enable agreement to be reached with
the successful bidder for additions to the specifications to be included within the new contract.
In the long term the updated version of the UTSS document will form the basis of a further
update of the current MoWHC General Specification 2010.

13 Bills of Quantities
13.1 Objectives of Works Contract Review of Bills of Quantities
The format of the Bills of Quantities is based upon the descriptions and measurement items
contained in the General Specification and the Special Specification. The quantities are
prepared by the independent Design Consultant for the project. The objectives of the Works
Contract Review are fivefold:
 To check the contract BOQ descriptions against the project drawings and to highlight
any major work items shown on the drawings for which there are no proper
measurement items within the BOQ
 To check that the design does not include any construction works that are beyond the
capabilities of the contractors normally bidding for this type of works
 To check that the design does not include any materials that are likely to prove difficult
to acquire or to use or that may cause delays to the project
 To check and recalculate the quantities of all the items contained in the BOQ that
represent a major proportion of the overall project costs
 To provide a revised, priced BOQ that may be considered as a target maximum for the
final construction costs.
The ultimate aim will then be for the SC to supervise through to completion of the contract
works within that targeted maximum cost (subject to variation of price which will be outside the
control of the SC).
Preparation of the revised priced BOQ must be completed within nine months of commencing
the Review unless an alternative time period is contained in the contract agreement between
UNRA and the SC.
13.2 Methodology of Measurement
The method of measurement used by the SC Quantity Surveyor (QS) will follow that laid down
in the General and Special Specifications. However the particular style of takeoff sheets and
method of recording dimensions and quantities will be at the discretion of the QS. The derived
quantities must be the estimated overall quantity for each item for which the contractor will
receive payment. If any surplus allowance is made on any single item, the SC must clearly
mark this excess and provide justified reason for its inclusion.
13.3 Guide notes on Take Off
The following guide notes are separated into sections corresponding with the Bills of
Quantities and should be used for general guidance only. Particular project conditions may
supersede the suggested method of measurement or quantities.
13.3.1 Bill No. 1 - General (Preliminary Items and Provisional Sums)
The suggested methods of estimating the values for certain Provisional Sums are contained in
the following table. If the Prov. Sum values contained in the project BOQ vary considerably
from those in the table below, the higher value shall be used in the revised BOQ.

The SC should consider if the quantities and sizes of housing, offices and vehicles are
appropriate for the project. The table below provides typical examples for a 36 month project
which is approximately 100kms long. They should be adapted to suit the specific project under
design.
A clear note should be included in the Preamble to the BOQ and the Special Specification
regarding ultimate ownership of office, housing and transport as per the following example:
Ownership of Engineers office and housing including all furniture, equipment and
services as well as vehicles and survey equipment provided under Items 14.01 through
14.07 plus Items 14.11 and 14.12 shall revert to the contractor upon completion of the
Contract.
The laboratory and equipment provided under Items 14.08 and 14.09 shall revert to the
Employer.
The intentions for ultimate ownership of the items provided by the contractor shall be checked
with UNRA.


13.3.2 Bill No. 2 – Drainage
Consider alternatives for corrugated metal pipes as theft has become a problem in some
locations.
Item 22.07 should include concrete haunching to pipes and concrete class 25 is adequate
Item 22.23 PVC service ducts may include 150mm diameter
Lining of drains should be considered carefully particularly in urbanised and trading areas.
Concrete or asphalt berms may be required on curved embankments to prevent erosion and
guide run off to proper chutes.
Stone pitching should be applied on embankments adjacent to bridge abutments and in road
side drains adjacent to culvert inlets and outlets, subject to erosion
Gabions as supporting structures and use in prevention of erosion, Reno mattresses for
resistance to erosion in outfalls
13.3.3 Bill No. 3 - Earthworks and Pavement Layers of Gravel or Crushed Stone
The General Specification and Bills of Quantities sometimes have been misread and hence
UNRA Clarification Note for Design Consultants Issue 0002 has been prepared to cover method
of measurement for the following subjects:
1) Removal haulage and temporary stock piling of top soil, 31.01(b)
2) Removal and haulage to spoil of surplus topsoil, 36.01(a)
3) Retrieving from stock pile, haulage and laying of top soil, 56.03(c)(i)
4) Common Excavation in cut to spoil, 36.01(a)
5) Common Excavation in swamps or wetlands to spoil, 36.01(b)
6) Excavation in rock in cut to spoil, 36.01(c)
7) Fill and improved subgrade layers using G15 or G7 materials, 36.02(a) or 36.02(b)
8) Excavation, preparation, haulage and placing of fill from either cut material or borrow
(same item for both sources but excluding rock), 36.02(c)
9) Breaking out, processing, haulage and placing in embankment of rock either from cut or
quarry (same item for both sources) 36.02(d)
10) Provision of rock as in 7 above either from cut or quarry and placing in pioneer layer,
36.02(h)
This format of billing the earthworks should be followed, using all relevant measured
items as described in the specification.
Clearing and grubbing: suggest measured width should be up to 3.0m outside foot of
embankment or top edge of cut. This should be added to specification (see Clarification Note
002)
Specification should make clear what accommodation works will be required before
commencement of main earthworks
Works Contract review Rev C

36
See clarification on topsoil measurement which should be stock piled and reused. Under normal
circumstances no topsoil should go to spoil. Measurement should state clearly how much
outside embankment and cuttings topsoil removal should extend. (see Clarification Note 002)
Estimates of earthworks to spoil shall include any black cotton soils occurring within the
embankment, expansive clays in the Subgrade zone, materials with soaked CBR< 3
If works include removal, storage and re-use of existing pavement layers, measured items
should clarify what tasks are included in the measured item (e.g. planing, crushing, grading,
storing, recovery etc).
Filling material in embankment is measured as one item only, whether it is imported from borrow
areas or excavation from cutting areas on the alignment. (see Clarification Note 002)
Triaxial tests should be carried out on all slopes in deep cutting (except rock) to determine
acceptable grade of slopes. Revised slope grades should be used in re-measurement of
earthworks under the WCR.
Has benching been measured where embankment widened? Are benches wide enough for
excavator to stand?
Are geotextiles required in backfill to swamps? Is type specified in BOQ or specification?
Method of measurement of swamps should be clarified (particularly where soft material is likely
to “flow” from outside intended cutting area. Should this be paid for and should payment be
made for rock fill spread into this area?
Measurement of surcharging in embankment fill and subsequent removal should be included if
so designed. If no surcharge used and embankment settles, extra filling may be required and
should be measured as separate item.
Extra Soil Investigation selected by the SC shall be carried out at start of WCR to clarify quantity
of materials likely to go to spoil, quantity and type of rock excavation (paid or unpaid), quantity
of swamp material to be removed and rock replacement.
Borrow areas and quarries to have weighbridge facilities. These should be detailed in
specification.
Where stabilization or modification of sub base is required, does the BOQ measure this properly
(see Clarification Note 002)
Contractor to assist with preparation of mass haul diagram to ensure haulage distances are
reasonable and selection of borrow areas is appropriate.
13.3.4 Bill No. 4 - Asphalt Pavements and Seals

Specification for prime coat needs attention.
Specification of bitumen and aggregate sizes for bituminous surface dressing should be agreed
and comply with UNRA current requirements.
Specification and programming for asphalt works to be agreed with contractor.
13.3.5 Bill No. 5 – Ancillary Roadworks (Signs, markings etc)
Road markings, rumble strips, traffic calming, signs etc need inclusion and re-measurement.

37
Road sign specification should state whether tubes are filled with sand/cement grout and to
have weakened break off point in case of accident. Specification on plate materials to be
finalised.
Centres of posts for guard rails should be stated. Timber or steel posts should be stated.
Check for special warning signs for curves that are below design standards and at other
dangerous locations.
13.3.6 Bill No. 6 – Structures
13.3.7 Bill No. 7 – Tolerances, Quality and Testing

Additional soil investigation programme should be identified by SC at early stage to include
necessary sampling and tests to confirm findings from detailed design reports for the following:
• quantity of materials likely to be unsuitable for use and taken to spoil,

• quantity and type of rock excavation
• quantity of swamp material to be removed and pioneer layer to be applied
• cutting slopes to be reviewed
• location and quantity of borrow for embankment fill
• location and quality of material for pavement layers
• Depth and bearing capacities of foundations for structures
13.4 Accommodation of Traffic

See UNRA Clarification Note for Design Engineers – Issue 0004
The Note suggests ways of reducing accidents, delays and nuisance and includes suggested
items for inclusion in the BOQ, items 15.01 and 15.02
The SC should ensure the necessary provisions for Accommodation of Traffic are clearly
demonstrated in the drawings and described in the Special Specification and also in the Bills of
Quantities.
Are the specified details strong enough for the SC to control an uncooperative
contractor? If not, special additional agreements should be put in place early in the
project.

38
14 Risk Analysis
Objectives of the Risk Analysis
The objectives of the Risk Analysis carried out by the Design Consultant and contained in the
Project Folder were as listed below:
o To develop list of pertinent questions consultants should ask themselves about the
project and develop a measure of risk attached to each
o To identify what design assumptions and related background issues need to be reported
to Supervising Consultant in the Project Folder
o To identify what events or conditions could prevent the project from being completed on
time, to specification and within budget. These events or conditions in effect form the
basis of the risk analysis.
In order that the SC may review thoroughly the risk analysis prepared by the DC, the draft
outline as contained in the Guidelines to Detailed Design and Design Review, (together with
examples), is given below. The SC may reconstruct a separate risk analysis or review and
comment on that prepared by the DC.
14.1 DESIGN OUTPUT ANALYSIS
14.1.1 Topographical Survey (answer Yes or No) Yes/no

Is survey acceptable in terms of accuracy and coverage?
Is it tied to National Grid (important for land take)?
Is it tied to standard AMSL datum?
Does grid and datum used comply with those used for abutting projects?
Are primary/secondary control beacons/TBMs marked in field and sketches drawn?
Attach Results of any special site checks.
14.1.2 Site Investigation

o Is sufficient data available? If not, then what extra SI work must be undertaken, when
and by whom?
o In particular, which areas have problem soils that will need further investigation?
o What, in general terms, should SE look out for that may deter project objectives?
o If there are any comments on drawings saying “RE to instruct ….” DC must advise what
rationale the RE is to use in preparing the instructions.

39
Provide answers to each relevant question in table below. As appropriate, DC may delete the suggestions
contained in the table and include only relevant Issues, Risks and Mitigation responses applicable to the
particular project.
SI Results Issue Risk Identified How to

Design Manage
Reports
SI for existing Adequate coverage of the existing Strength contribution of existing material
alignment roadway. may be under estimated.
Adequate coverage of areas of Differential settlement and/or additional
widening. quantities of material may be required.
Locations of weak material identified. Under/over estimate of cut & fill quantities.
SI for Locations of weak material identified. Under/over estimate of cut &fill quantities.
sections of Over estimation of topsoil available for re-
new Depth of top soil to be removed. use - and under/ over estimate of cut & fill
alignment quantities.
SI for deep Amount of cut re-useable as fill and Under estimate of borrow and dump
cuts amount of material to be spoiled. quantities.
Amount and type of rock cut foreseen. Under estimate of high cost work items.
If insufficient Si data, how has DC Additional SI work to be done by
assessed quantities? Contractor.
SI for high fills Depth of topsoil to be removed. Over estimation of topsoil for re-use.
Under/over estimate of corresponding cut
to fill or borrow to fill requirements.
If insufficient SI data, how has DC Additional SI work to be done by
assessed quantities of cut to spoil? Contractor.
Cut and fill Slope ratios used in design of earth and Use of ‘standard’ UNRA ratios may lead to
side slopes rock faces and assumptions made [i.e. face instability or under/over estimate of
field investigations or adoption of RDM cut & fill quantities.
data]. Were sufficient lab tests (eg triaxial tests)
taken on samples?
Swamps Are Swamps permanent or seasonal?
Auger test data [at maximum 70 m
centres] to identify variation in depth of
soft materials and corresponding
assumption of amount of fill penetration
into soft material.
Estimated settlement and pre-loading Differential settlement and/or additional
timeframe at each location. rock fill quantities required.
Typical sections of materials and
methods of construction.
Requirement for ‘topping up’ of fill (if Claim for placement of additional pre-load
any), as settlement occurs - and pay material.
item[s] to be used.
Bridge sites Adequacy of borehole data at Insufficient foundation data leading to
abutments and piers for foundation revisions to type / length of piles.
design. Specification of for which materials and/or
Pile type assumed and possibility of driving equipment is unavailable locally.
alternatives proposed by Contractor.
Data shown on General Arrangements
Borrow areas Schedule of borrow areas identified Remote, inaccessible or ‘sensitive’ sites
indicating location/accessibility and any will raise cost.
environmental constraints.
Estimate of potential ‘yield’ given? If stated and found to be insufficient, may
lead to Claim.
Test results shown with any proposed Chemical or mechanical modifications
stabilization. may not be cost effective.
Quarries Schedule of quarries identified Remote, inaccessible or ‘sensitive’ sites
indicating location/accessibility and any will raise cost.
environmental constraints.
Estimate of potential ‘yield’ [if not based If stated and found to be insufficient, may
on actual data from min. 3 holes/quarry. lead to Claim.

40
14.1.3 Alignment Design

Design Departures: Summarise list of departures shown in Departures Report
Ref Chainage Type e.g. Standards Standards Departure Justification Approved

No. from/to Horiz/ Vert/ required in Design by UNRA
cross section under RDM
14.1.4 Earthworks
DC to develop following and check specifications as noted
o Mass-haul diagram required to indicate areas of significant cuts and fills.

o The DC should attempt to optimize earthworks balance with reasonable haulage
distances. [Note that Contractors cannot haul materials cost effectively from one end of
a project to the other]. If the earthworks are significantly ‘unbalanced’ and thus
potentially expensive, the DC is to advise on how the balance could be improved e.g. by
adjustment of the vertical profile.
o Confirm if the Bid Documents leave it to the Contractor to decide where to spoil / dump
material and where to open borrow areas.
From road design software (Rows 1 and 11 below) develop a table in detail that includes
breakdown of cut and fill for each 3km length of the alignment. From results of soil investigation,
and DCs estimates of unusable cut material, swamp excavation, quantities of usable and
unusable rock, estimate the percentage and hence quantities of poor material from cut to be
taken to spoil etc. Derive also the quantities of rock to be excavated in each 3 km section, and
where it will be used. Present quantities all in cubic metres.
Row Description of earthworks Derived Quantity Measured Items

1 Total Cut- common excavation From Design software No
2 Total Cut rock Excavation DC to estimate of total No
3 Net Cut common excavation Row 1 less Row 2 No
4 Percentage unsuitable for Fill DC to estimate %age of Row 3 No
5 Cut to spoil unsuitable common Row 3 x Row 4 Total BOQ item 36.01(a)
excavated materials
6 Cut to Fill balance of good material Row 3 less Row 5 Part BOQ item 36.02(a),
dependant on class of material (G3, (b) or (c)
G7 or G15)
7 Cut to spoil from swamps DC estimate of total Total BOQ item 36.01(b)
8 Rock in swamps from cut as pioneer DC estimate of total BOQ item 36.02(h)
9 Rock from Cut to spoil DC estimate of likely % of Row 2 Total BOQ Item 36.01(c)
10 Balance of rock from Cut to Fill Row 2 less Row 8 less Row 9. Total BOQ item 36.02(d)
Ignore if negative
11 Total fill from cut and borrow From Design software No
12 Fill from borrow to embankment Row 11 less Row 6 less Row 10 Part BOQ item 36.02(a),
dependant on class of material (G3, (if Row 10 is positive). Ignore if (b) or (c)
G7 or G15) negative and transfer to Row 14
13 Rock from Quarry (borrow) to Pioneer Equals Row 10 (if balance of Row BOQ item 36.02(d)
layer in swamps 10 negative)
14 Excess of common cut Equals Row 12 if Row 12 negative BOQ item 36.01 (a)

41
o The above table assumes items for removal of top soil outside existing alignment have been
included in software design parameters. If not, the above figures will have to be adjusted to allow
for reduced common cut through removal of topsoil.
o Prepare and include Detailed Quantity Take-off sheets [QTS] to demonstrate precisely how
individual pay item quantities were developed. Details presented in the form of an ‘earthworks’
report to be considered.
Note: In the Factual Soils and Materials report, which does not form part of the contract [but
may be displayed to Bidders for reference purposes] no precise indication of assumed
quantities for “cut-to-fill”, “borrow to fill”, “cut-to-spoil”, “unsuitable” materials, “rock from
cut” or “rock from quarry” are to be shown.
Factual Report
o Present in the Factual Report a table as the example below with just the three items per 3 kms.
Chainage 0+000 to 3+000 3+000 to 6+000 6+000 to 9+000 9+000 to 12+000

Cut common m3
Cut Rock m3
Fill volume m3
Note: The volumes above are taken from road design software output.
The volume of cut common and cut rock is approximate and refers to cut quantities, not to volume
of cut to spoil entered in the BoQ.
The data on common cut does not indicate the amount of cut material likely to be found suitable for
use as fill or non –suitable to be spoiled.
14.1.5 Cut Depths and Embankment Heights
Considerable variations between re-measured earthworks quantities and those in the contract
Bill of Quantities occur frequently as a result of incorrect assumptions in design parameters
used in software design and engineering quantity estimates; (e.g safe angles of cut slopes and
embankment slopes and safety zones, percentages of cut material that can be used in
improved sub grade and filling layers, estimated quantities of rock excavation and even
estimates of rock that is unsuitable for use in embankments).
One advantage offered by higher embankments is the reduced need for improved subgrade
where existing subgrade strengths are below selected design levels. However where low or no
embankments are to be constructed, the need for excavating soft subgrade materials to spoil
and replacing with improved subgrade material (usually type G15) can arise.
The following tables may be used to assess the likelihood of such variations occurring during
construction, giving the DC the opportunity to either reconsider the quantities, making some risk
provision, or to reassess the vertical alignment of the proposed road.
Alternatively, some further research, sampling or laboratory triaxial testing may enable cut
slopes to be amended, affecting the overall excavation quantities.

42
Earthworks Embank’ Cutting 0+000 to 3+000 to 6+000 to

etc
(length in metres) Slope Slope 3+000 6+000 9+000
Improved subgrade required
New Cnt/line > 10m from old
Embankment <1.0m
Embankment >1.0m, <2.0m
Embankment >2.0m,< 3.0m
Embankment >3.0m,< 5.0m
Embankment >5.0m,
Cutting depth >1.5m
Cutting depth >1.5m, < 3.0m
Cutting depth > 3.0m, <5.0m
Cutting depth >5.0m
14.1.7 Overall Risk in Quantity Variation

The following typical table carrying quantities for illustrative purposes only may be used to
assess the possible variations in original measured quantities and the significance on the
overall project costs. Items with appropriate quantities, marked as Provisional items, may be
used to mitigate risk.
The risk items should be included in the overall BOQ with a note kept on the estimated value of
these items. The total value of these almost always exceeds the customary 10% contingency
included within the contract sum.
Item Estimated Quantity as total Identified Risk Use of
Quantity of design Cut /Fill Provisional Sum
3
(m ) Volume
Cut volume – 750,000 From software Cut slopes and fill Use Prov. sum for
common slopes too steep . quantity 10% of total
From table 14.1.6
estimate increase
overall total by some
10%
Cut volume – 128,000 Not included by Depth could vary by Use Prov, Sum with
swamps software up to 20% and cost 20% of quantity
increase
Cut volume – 34,500 Say 5% excl rock Quality of cut >DCP Use Prov, Sum with
unsuitable and swamps 1.5m depth was 25% of 5%
25% of total cut. allowance, i.e further
1.25%
Cut volume –rock 60,000 (add Overall 8% Rock profile proved Allow further 5% in
3000cm in only 60% of main quantity
risk) . alignment but no
Amended rock outcrops or
total 63,000 other signs
Cut volume – excess Nil
Excavate below 12,000 Not included in Limited risk as these No requirement
formation level software areas were all
researched by DCP
Total filling 950,000 From software Quantity could vary Increase estimated
by 25% on fills over at 125,000 less
3m. Take quant from 75,000 from
embankment height increased cut in
>3m and increase by slopes . Use Prov.
25% Sum for balance
quantity in imported
filling 50,000

43
Fill volume imported 316,500 Derived Add from above

Swamp fill – rock 145,000 Estimated Risk assumed at Allow extra sum of
20% excavation 29,000 cm.
above estimate
hence increase rock
fill to increase
Swamp fill- G7 or 22,000 Estimated Limited risk as rock
better fill only may increase
Total to Spoil 174,500 Derived Increase from 5% of Increase quantity by

increased cut, i.e. 0.5% of 750,000cm
Rock Import 85,000 Derived Increased as above
under swamp rock fill
See also 14.2 below for alternative Earthworks assessment of Risk
14.1.6 Typical Cross Section Drawings (cross reference to design as appropriate)
o The DC should provide drawings showing typical cross sections for every construction
scenario likely to be experienced in construction, showing any variations in pavement
layer thickness and cross section dimensions. The drawings should illustrate deep cut
and high fill situations and for any special treatments needed [e.g. at swamps, widening
to accommodate guardrail posts on embankments or for added lane width on curves
etc]. The consultant should include an illustration that shows several typical cases
together with the site investigations to be checked at each.
o DC also to indicate the specific areas - by chainage limits - where special details will be
required such as in Trading Areas, swamps. This data could be presented in tabular
form but details such as boundary fencing/walls, pedestrian and vehicular access
provisions, bus bays and parking areas, pedestrian control barriers etc should be
detailed on drawings.
o More details provided at design stage and measured in the BOQ will reduce the quantity
of extra items to be designed by the SE and included as extras in the overall total cost.
14.1.7 Drainage (cross reference to design as appropriate)
o DC also to indicate proposed treatments for side slopes to resist surface runoff erosion,
ground water ingress etc.
o DC to advise how and where he made additional allowance for runoff from side roads
(can be large volumes) and for its connection to the longitudinal drainage system on the
main route. Forms 8.2.a,b and c in Annex 8 of the Design Guidelines assist in calculating
such runoffs and also the carrying capacity of the receiving drains.
o Where covered drainage ditches and catchpits are used for urban drainage systems,
design must be strong, thorough and appropriate. Standard components to be used
where possible. In addition agree early with UNRA the need (and cost) of such drains.
o DC should note all existing 600 mm dia. Cross culverts are to be replaced.
14.1.7 Construction Materials (Cross reference to design documents for traffic)
o DC must have identified borrow areas and aggregate sources in terms of location and
accessibility, potential yield, stabilization needs (e.g. lime, cement, gravel, sand).

44
o Include plan and borrow area utilisation diagram in the Soils and Materials Report as
illustrated in Figures 6.5 and 6.6 in Annex 6 of the Design Guidelines.
o Haulage costs must be considered carefully, particularly where the distance between
borrow or quarry areas is high. DC should calculate the haulage required on all borrow
materials and materials brought to the site from some distance (e.g. cement). Alternative
pavement designs may need consideration in such circumstances.
14.1.8 Pavement Design (Cross reference to design documents for traffic)
o The DC must justify how the traffic loading classification[s] was derived and allowances
made for diverted traffic. Analysis should consider high and low scenarios as well as
look at effects of different over-loading and legislation situations.
o The DC must also explain how the homogenous sections were established [e.g. by
forecast traffic class, by sub-grade strength class derived from test programs etc. or any
other criterion].
Note: the use of a very limited number of homogenous sections may lead to
inappropriate layer thicknesses being used in some sections of the route.
o The adopted design chart from RDM volume must be defined and any alternative design
method[s] used in cases where traffic or sub-grade strength classes are outside the
range of the charts.
The DC should make available the following information:
Volume of Quantity available Quantity available

material required from borrow areas from quarries [m3]
[m3] [m3] Defined by chainage
Wearing Course
Aggregate – asphalt
Wearing Course
aggregate for DBST
Base Course Type??
Sub-base Type??
Stabilised??
Improved Sub-grade
Grades and Quantity
14.1.9 Construction Programme
The DC is to identify any ‘difficulties’ that Contractors will face that could extend the construction
process. These could include:
- access restrictions e.g. from one end of job only;
- access to be provided to other Contractors working in the same area;
- competition for borrow and aggregate sources from other Contractors working in the
area;
- areas subjected to high volume rainfall [say, ?? days / year];

45
- delays in utility relocations [e.g. due to owners’ work schedules, order times for
materials etc].
14.1.10 Standard Details
Where available, use UNRA standard drawings
14.2 Typical Earthworks Risk Analysis
See Alternative Table below for analysis and mitigation of risks in earthworks quantities

46
Works Contract Review Rev C 47


ANNEX 16
Suggested Format for Report on Works Contract Review
Executive Summary
1. Table of Contents
2. Introduction with location Plan
3. Background to project development and design
4. Terms of Reference and Review Objectives
5. Current status of project
6. Record of initial site reconnaissance
7. Detailed Review of Design using Checklist and suggested Additional Comment sheets
8. Review of Drawings and report on Drawing Comment Sheets
9. Review of Cost Estimates
10. General Summary of Review Findings
11. Proposals for Design Amendments and Field Checks
12. Conclusions and Recommendations

List of Contract Documents Issued for Review

Road Name..........................................................
Section of Project................................................ Page Serial No....................
Ref Title Date Soft Hard Comment

Section Issued Copy Copy
Recvd Recvd

Additional Comments from Checklist

Road Name..........................................................
Ref Subject Comment

Section

Drawing Comment Sheet

Road Name..........................................................
Drawing Revision Drawing Title Comment

Number Number

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DRAFT

GUIDELINES FOR WORKS CONTRACT

Works Contract Review Rev C

Works Contract review Rev C 1

Works Contract review Rev C 2

Abbreviations and Glossary

Works Contract review Rev C 3

Works Contract review Rev C 4

0. Objectives of Works Contract Review

The SC is expected to undertake the following:

0.1 Project Quality Control Plan (WCR part)

Works Contract review Rev C 5

1. Inventory of Existing Road

Included in Report Comment

Drainage – Preliminary Review Included in Report Comment

A See Sections 8 and 9 for Review of design

Existing Sealed Pavements – Condition to Comment

E • Edge of carriageway breaking up with cause

G • IRI – (by driven assessment)

Structures and Utililties (See also 8 and 9) Included in Report Comment

Works Contract review Rev C 6

Terrain and Land Use Comment

Potential Traffic and Safety Hazards Comment

B Areas of commercial trading adjacent to the road

Existing Unsealed Pavements – Condition Comment

Included in Report Comment

Works Contract review Rev C 7

Included in Report Comment

Revised Classified Vehicle Categories for Included in Report Comment

Included in Report Comment

Included in Report Comment

2.8 Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Included in Report Comment

Works Contract review Rev C 8

Included in Report Comment

Included in Report Comment

Works Contract review Rev C 9

3. Traffic Loading for Pavement Design

3.1 Axle Load Surveys Included in Report Reviewed Comment

3.2 Traffic Classifications Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Included in Report Comment

Works Contract review Rev C 10

List of requirements for initial survey to be Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Works Contract review Rev C 11

Included in Report Reviewed Comment

4.4 LAND ACQUISITION

Works Contract review Rev C 12

Field Survey Checks by SC (in Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Comparison of DTMs from Initial DC Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Works Contract review Rev C 13

Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Works Contract review Rev C 14

Included in Report Reviewed Comment

WCR to Check for inclusion of following Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Check inclusion of standard Traffic

Works Contract review Rev C 15

WCR of drawings showing Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Included in Report Reviewed Comment

Works Contract review Rev C 16

6 Soils and Materials Investigations

Works Contract review Rev C 17

Review of Soils Reports by SC Included in Report Reviewed Comment