Optimal Design Method of

Passive and Active Controlling

System for Indoor Climate Design
with Fluctuating Outdoor
Conditions
KATO, Shinsuke
IIS, Univ. of Tokyo
JAPAN, JN3
 Objective
• Developing the optimal design method of passive and
active controlling systems of indoor climate using GA
(MOGAs) and CFD
• Optimization will be done on the basis of multi-objectives
• In the study, the rational restrict conditions for searching
optimal solutions set (Paleto set) are examined
• Hybrid Air-conditioning (Combination of Wind induced
ventilation and Air-Conditioning) will be dealt with
considering windows, room shape, AC conditions,
variations of (random) outdoor climate conditions,
variations of random indoor conditions
 Multi-Objective Optimization

comfort ability
There are no singular solutions for
the multi-objective optimization
Solution set
Daylight Energy use

Solar heat Singular Solution

Comfort ability
Productivity
Energy use

comfort ability
Outdoor
Temperature

Paleto solutions set

Selective solution
Inferior solution
Elements for window design
Element is changed through design process

Objectives for window design

Object is evaluated quantitatively
energy use
 Approach of Multi-Objective
Optimization
„ To get the Paleto solution set with the multi-objective genetic algorism
„ Once the Paleto set is obtained, then the cluster analysis is done for
advising possible selective solution to designer

Paleto solution set Cluster Analysis

Solution set

Inferior solutions Understanding Characteristics of Paleto set

Understanding the relationship with design
variables
Paleto Solutions of Daylight, Ventilation and
Thermal Environment

CLUSTER1 CLUSTER5

CLUSTER2 CLUSTER6

CLUSTER3 CLUSTER7

CFD for Thermal Environment

CLUSTER4
Daylight simulation
 Methodology
• GA (Genetic Algorithm) and CFD
(Computational Fluid Dynamics) are used
• Searching the optimal design of the hybrid
system which uses both passive and
active methods for controlling indoor
climate strongly affected by fluctuating
outdoor conditions and other parameters
 Research Description
• Developing the CFD with active controlling of indoor
climate for fluctuating outdoor conditions and others
• The active system adjusts its output to keep the indoor
condition at the targeted state (feedback system)
• We develop the simulation system of indoor climate
with the active control for fluctuating outdoor conditions
• The evaluation of the optima should be done from the
viewpoint of energy saving, cost, human comfort,
uniformity of daylight and so on (multi-objectives)
• Applying the methods for hybrid ventilation which
utilizes both wind induced cross ventilation and air-
conditioning with fluctuating outdoor
Two Step Optimization Procedure
 Example of Objective Function
• The amount of energy-saving sensible
heat removed by natural ventilation
• E(kW) = Cp×ρ×ΔT ×Q
Examples of Restricting Conditions
• The average temperature ranges from 23
ºC to 27 ºC in the task region
• The average air velocity is below 0.5 m/s
in the task region
• The vertical difference in temperature is
below 3.5ºC in the task region
• ...........
Hybrid Air-Conditioning Model
Examples of Design Parameters
Fluctuating Outdoor Conditions

Random variable
Sampling interval Probability
(ºC)

-2σ ― -σ 0.136 20.93 (M−1.5σ)

-σ ― M 0.341 22.70 (M−0.5σ)

M ― σ 0.341 24.47 (M+0.5σ)

σ ― 2σ 0.136 26.24 (M+1.5σ)

GA inquiry
Cases Selected in the First Step
GA and CFD with coarse grid systems
Higher evaluations for the objectives and passing the restrictions

Case A Case B Case C

Case B is selected in the second step
CFD with fine grid systems and highest
evaluation for the objectives

Provability
34.1%

Provability
34.1%