Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CONCEPT MAP

CELL

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Structure, Function and

Comparison

Organelles Non organelles

Nucleus Ribosome Chloroplast Vacuole Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Mitochondrion Golgi Apparatus Cell Wall

Reticulum

Cell organization and specialization

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2.1 Understanding Cell

Do You Know Who is

Robert Hooke?

Tips for you:

1. All living organisms are made of cells.
2. A cell is a basic unit of life .
3. Plant cell differ from animal cell
4. Each cell component has specific function

Suggestion for experiment:

1. Prepare slide of onion epidermal cell and cells of Hydrilla sp. leaf to study a plant cell structure.

2. Prepare slide of human cheek cells to study an animal cell structure.

3. State the technique that you use in these experiment..

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2.1.1 a) By using different pencil colour, draw and match the organelles in a plant cell and in an animal cell below.

Cell wall

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion (dark blue)

Chloroplast (Green)

Golgi Apparatus( orange)

Nucleus (red)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (purple)

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (brown)

Ribosome (black )

Vacuole (yellow)

Vesicles (light blue)

Plant Cell Animal Cell

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

b) List the organelles which have

i) single layer membrane ii) double layers membrane

c) Identify organelles and non organelles

i) organelles ii) non organelles

d) Complete structures ( organelle / part of cell ) and functions in the table below

Organelle / part of Function

cell

Nucleus

Absorb light for photosynthesis

Ribosome

Rough endoplasmic
reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Processing, packaging and transporting phospholipids and glycoprotein

Mitochondrion

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Vacuole

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell wall

2. 2.

1. has a fixed shaped

3. 3.
1. does not has a fixed shape
2.1.2 Complete the similarities and the differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.

4. An animal cell 4. A plant cell

1. have nucleus

2.

3.

4.

7. 5

8.
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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2.1.3 Predict organelle which is found in large numbers in each cell shown below. Explain why.

Organelle :

Explanation :

Sperm cell

Nerve cell

Organelle :

Explanation :

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Pancreas cells

Organelle :

Explanation :

Organelle :

Explanation :

Muscle fibers

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Mesophyll palisade cells

Organelle :

Explanation :

Meristematic cells

Organelle:

Explanation :

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2.2 Appreciating the uniqueness of the cell.

2.2.1 State structures which are involve in the process of protein synthesize such as enzyme in the
passage below.

Genetic material for a type of enzyme will be synthesize found in __________________. Double Helix

DNA unzip and a RNA chain which carry the genetic code move out from the nucleus to

______________ Protein which has been synthesize by __________________ will be sent to

_____________________________ and transported to ________________________ by

________________ . From __________________ protein which has been modified transported out of

the cell and applied at targeted organs.

Based on the above statement what is the conclusion ?

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2.2.2 a) Observe each electron micrograph below. Identify and label organelles which can be found.

Figure 6 (a)

Figure 6 (b)

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
b) What will happen if the organelles that you identified in figure 6 (a) and 6(b) does not present in the cell and
state the effect .

No Organelle effect of the absent

.
1

Exercise

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 Biology Teaching and Learning Module
CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

1. Figure 1 shows the structure of an animal cell which can be observed under an electron microscope. P, Q, R
and S are the structures in the cell. X is rod in shape and has 1mm to 2mm lengths

a) Label P, Q, R and S on the diagram.

[ 4 marks ]

b) State the function for P, Q, R and S

P:________________________________________________________________________________

Q:________________________________________________________________________________

R:________________________________________________________________________________

S:________________________________________________________________________________
[ 4 marks ]
C) (i) Name organelle X.

__________________________________________________________________________________

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
[ 1 marks ]

(II) The number of organelles X in an animal somatic cell differ from an animal gamete cell.
Explain why

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]

d) (i) Name organelle Y which is a small particle and state where it is located.

________________________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]

(ii) State the function of organelle Y

________________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 marks ]

e) Describe the difference between Q in an animal cell with Q in a plant cell.

______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 marks ]

f) What will happen if this animal cell does not has organelle Y.

________________________________________________________________________________
[1 marks ]

CELL ORGANISATION

Complete the table below

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Diagram of Amoeba sp.

No. Component Function

1 Nucleus

2 -for movement
- surrounds and engulfs the food particle
3 Food vacuoles

4 Contractile vacuole

5 - regulates the movement of substances into

and out of the cell (only allows small
molecules)

Table 1

AMOEBA’S FEEDING

Amoeba approaches the

4 1 food particle

3 2
Cell Organisation

Analogy of
formation cell to tissue

Types of Celll Types of tissue The number of cell types

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Cell x Tissue R

Cell y Tissue S

Cell z Tissue T

Table 2

Exercise 1 :

1. Fill in the column with the number of cell type forming the R, S and T tissue
2. What observation can be made about tissue?.

(i) R : ______________________________________________________

(ii) S : ______________________________________________________

(iii) T : ______________________________________________________

3. What inference can be made about tissue?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

4. Give examples of tissue R, S and T

i. ______________________________________________________________

II. ______________________________________________________________

iii. ______________________________________________________________

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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Exercice 2

Diagram of SKIN

The Skin is an organ

Base on diagram, identify the tissues which are involved to form skin.

Tissue : _______________________________________________________________

Explain the importance of tissue specialisation on multicellular animals

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

DRAW A SUITABLE TISSUE DIAGRAM ACCORDING TO THE TABLE BELOW

TYPICAL STRUCTURE
EPITHELIUM TISSUE

skin Body cavities At alimentary canal

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STRUCTURE :
CONNECTIVE TISSU

blood Loose fibrous Compact bone

EPENGHUBUNG
ANIMAL TISSUE

STRUCTURE :

Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle

MUSCLE TISSUE
OTOT

STRUCTURE
NERVE TISSUE

Sensory neuron Interneuron Motor neuron

CELL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS

Assignment :

1. . Name the types of cells that form the vascular tissue on the plant bulk.

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2. Referring to the diagram, explain about the function of each tissue.

Parenchyma tissue

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Sclerenchyma tissue
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________

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Vascular tissue

xylem tissue
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________.

phloem tissue
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________.

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