LESSON PLAN IN NATURAL SCIENCE

LEARNING OVERVIEW : Discusses the principles and techniques of measuring vital

signs and weight. Although it may be review for most workers, many state regulatory agencies
require that this material be taught annually.

LEARNING AREA: Natural Science

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The learners will be able to:

A. Demonstrate correct methods of measuring vital signs and weight.

B. Know how to document and report vital signs.
C. Recognize normal ranges for vital signs.
D.Take vital signs accurately

REAOURCES NEEDED:
REFERENCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implant_(medicine)
https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/ImplantsandProsthetics/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_replacement
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=hip+replacement&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMzqK58vrTAhUMTbwKHXiMAikQ_AUI
BigB&biw=1242&bih=602#tbm=isch&q=hip+replacement+before+after&imgrc=6_MsaP3ajHy3PM:
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=hip+replacement&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMzqK58vrTAhUMTbwKHXiMAikQ_AUI
BigB&biw=1242&bih=602#tbm=isch&q=Intraocular+lens+before+%26+after&imgrc=zNEFUXbeD8exmM:

MATERIALS: watch, thermometer, BP apparatus and pictures

PREPARATION:
Introductory Activity
-Review the previous topic, then connect it to the new topic.
-Show a picture or video presentation and allow learners to express their own ideas & opinion.

FIGURE 1
 FIGURE 2

FIGURE 3

Guide questions:
1. What have you observe from figure 1?
2. What have you observe from figure 2?
3. What have you observe from figure 3?
4. Based from the 3 figures presented, what have you observe?

Learners’ answers will vary

Allow learners to express their brilliant ideas that will lead to the discovery of the
new lesson
- Ask the students to think about the last time they went to the doctor. What basic
things did the nurse do before the doctor saw them?
- Allow the students to share their experience, such as being weighed, being measured,
having blood pressure and temperature taken, etc…
PRESENTATION:
Learners are group according to their learning style: visual, auditory, & kinesthetic (10 minutes)

Game: Message relay

Instructions:
1. The number of members in each group should be equal.
2. The group will form a straight line.
3. The teacher then whispers a same message to the groups.
4. The first member of the line will first receive the message then relay it to the second
member, and the second member will passed it to the third member, and so on…
5. The last member in the line will be the one to say the message aloud.
6. The group who can first write the message correctly on the board will have a points.
(1 point per message)
7. The group who can have highest points will be the winner.

Messages:

1. Blood Pressure
2.Body Temperature
3. Respiration Rate
4. Pulse Rate
5. Normal BP 120/80
6. Vital Signs
7. Normal Body Temperature 36.5 to 37.5C
8. Vital signs provide data to determine a persons state of health
9. Normal Pulse Rate 60 to 100bpm
10. The four Vital Signs Respiration, Blood Pressure, Pulse, Temperature
11. Normal RR 12 to 20bpm

12. Body temperature is maintained within fairly constant range by the hypothalamus which is
located in the brain.
13. Purpose of measuring the pulse is to establish the patient’s baseline pulse rate and access the
pulse rate and measured by applying moderate pressure.

14. Purpose of measuring body temperature is to establish the patient’s baseline temperature and
to monitor any abnormalities
15. Blood pressure is a measurement of the pressure or force exerted by the blood on the wall of
the arteries in the heart..

ANALYSIS:
Guide questions: (15 minutes)
1. How did you find the activity?
- Learners’ answers will vary
- Teacher’s follow-up question depend on learner’s opinion
2. What are the words in the message relay?
- Learners’ answers will vary
- Teacher’s follow-up question depend on learner’s idea
3. Create a concept from the words in the message relay

Table 1.

Vital Sign Purpose Normal Value Procedure

Step1: Sanitize your

1. Temperature Measuring body 36.5 to 37.5C hands
temperature is to Step 2:Use the
establish the thermometer that is
patient’s color blue for oral
baseline temps only.
temperature and Step 3: Place the
to monitor any thermometer under
abnormalities the patient’s arm pit (
make sure it is dry
close the arm, hold it
there until the it
beeps.
Remove the
thermometer from the
arm pit and put
alcohol to sanitize.
 The temperature
reading will show up
on the machine.

2.Pulse Measuring the 60 to 100 bpm Place your three

pulse is to fingers on the radial
establish the artery which is
patient’s located on the inner
baseline pulse portion of the wrist
rate and access just above the thumb
the pulse rate
following Count how many
special heart beats you feel in
procedure and one minute
medications

3. Respiration Provide for the 12 to 20bpm You need to watch

exchange of the chest rise and fall
oxygen and as the person breaths.
carbon dioxide You will count for
between the one minute how
atmosphere and many times chest
the blood. falls. This how many
respirations the
patients has per
minute

4.Blood Pressure Measurement of 120/80 1.Sanitize your hands

the pressure of and select the proper
force exerted by cuff size
the blood on the 2.Place the cuff on
wall of the the patients upper
arteries in the arm approximately
heart. one inch above the
bend of the elbow.
Keep the arm
extended.
3. Place the chest
piece of the
stethoscope directly
on the bend of the
arm of the brachial
artery.
4. Using the bulb
inflate the cuff to
 approximately 180 to
200. Gently release
the pressure.
Listen carfully.
Watch the pressure
gae on the B/P Cuff.
You will record the
first clear tapping
sound which is
systolic pressure,
then you will record
the last tapping sound
which is diastolic
pressure.

ABSTRACTION:
Lecture-Discussion of Key Concepts: (20 minutes)
Assessing Vital signs

Assessing vital signs or cardinal sign is a routine medical procedure. And somehow determines
the internal functions of the body. And use to monitor a patient’s status to or during patient care.

1. Temperature
The normal body temperature of a person varies depending on gender, recent activity, food and
fluid consumption, time of day, and, in women, the stage of the menstrual cycle. Normal body
temperature can range from 97.8 degrees F (or Fahrenheit, equivalent to 36.5 degrees C, or
Celsius) to 99 degrees F (37.2 degrees C) for a healthy adult. A person's body temperature can be
taken in any of the following ways:

 Orally. Temperature can be taken by mouth using either the classic glass thermometer, or the
more modern digital thermometers that use an electronic probe to measure body temperature.
 Rectally. Temperatures taken rectally (using a glass or digital thermometer) tend to be 0.5 to
0.7 degrees F higher than when taken by mouth.
 Axillary. Temperatures can be taken under the arm using a glass or digital thermometer.
Temperatures taken by this route tend to be 0.3 to 0.4 degrees F lower than those
temperatures taken by mouth.
 By ear. A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the ear drum, which
reflects the body's core temperature (the temperature of the internal organs).
 By skin. A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the skin on the
forehead.
 2. Pulse

The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per
minute. As the heart pushes blood through the arteries, the arteries expand and contract with the
flow of the blood. Taking a pulse not only measures the heart rate, but also can indicate the
following:

 Heart rhythm

 Strength of the pulse

The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate may
fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions. Females ages 12 and older, in
general, tend to have faster heart rates than do males. Athletes, such as runners, who do a lot of
cardiovascular conditioning, may have heart rates near 40 beats per minute and experience no
problems

3. Respiration

The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually
measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for
one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. Respiration rates may increase
with fever, illness, and with other medical conditions. When checking respiration, it is
important to also note whether a person has any difficulty breathing.

4. Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction
and relaxation of the heart. Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries,
resulting in the highest blood pressure as the heart contracts. When the heart relaxes, the
blood pressure falls.

Two numbers are recorded when measuring blood pressure. The higher number, or systolic
pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood
through the body. The lower number, or diastolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the
artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood. Both the systolic and diastolic
pressures are recorded as "mm Hg" (millimeters of mercury).
APPLICATION:
Group Activity: Learners are group according to their learning style (5 minutes)
Group into four. The group 1 will perform the Blood Pressure, Group 2 Respiration, Group 3
Pulse rate and Group 4 Temperature. And record the results.

ASSESSMENT:
Formative Assessment: (5 minutes)
Matching Type: Match the pictures in column I with the types of vital signs in column II, and its
normal values in column III by sketching an arrow in order to connect the three columns.(3 points
each number)
Column I Column II Column III
1.) A. Respiration Rate a. BP 120/80

2.) B. Blood pressure b. 36.5 to 37.5C

3.) C. Temperature c. 12 to 20 bpm

4.) D. Pulse rate d. 60-100bpm

ASSIGNMENT:
Group assignment:

Go to the Barangay Health Center , Assess 5 clients and perform the four vital signs.