CNC PIPE CUTTING

MACHINE

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 CNC PIPE CUTTING MACHINE

MAIN PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree

of

Bachelor of Technology

in

Mechanical Engineering

Submitted by

AMIT JAISWAL (5808614)

Under the esteemed guidance of

DR. .........................,B.Tech, M.Tech.,Ph.D

Head of Department

Of

Mechanical Engineering

.................................. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Affiliated to ...................................... University)

2016-2017

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1 CANDIDATE’S DECLARTION 4

2 CERTIFICATE 5

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6

4 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES 7

5 PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 8

6 ABSTRACT 9

7 INTRODUCTION 10

8 NEED FOR AUTOMATION 11

9 OBJECTIVE & SCOPE 12

10 MAIN COMPONENTS 13

11 DESCRIPTION 14

12 EXPERIMENTAL MODEL 24

13 WORKING PRINCIPLE 25

14 ADVANTAGES 26

15 APPLICATIOS 26

16 CONCLUSION 27

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 CANDIDATE’S DECLARTION

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented by Amit Jaiswal, Ajay Singh
Chauhan, Rajeev Kumar, Raman Kumar, Vijay Kumar in partial fulfillment of
requirement for the award of degree of B.Tech. in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
submitted at KALPI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY under KURUKSHETRA
UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA is an authentic record of my own work carried out
under the supervision of Er. Harish Kumar Sharma (HOD) and Er. Vikas Kunnar.

Project Member:
Amit Jaiswal [5808614]
Ajay Singh Chauhan [5808615]
Rajeev Kumar [5808608]
Raman Kumar [5808606]
Vijay Kumar [5808613]

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 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the dissertation entitled “ CNC PIPE CUTTING MACHINE ” by
RAJEEV KUSHWAHA, AMIT JAISWAL, SANDEEP ANAND SHARMA, MANISH
KUMAR TRIVEDI, PERVEZ KHAN,& DIVYANSH submitted to the Department of
mechanical engineering, Kalpi Institute Of Technology, Ambala in the partial
fulfillment of requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
mechanical engineering is a record of bonafide work done by him under my supervision
and guidance during the session 2014-15. This work has not been submitted to any other
university or institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Head of department & project Guide

Mr.........................

Department of mechanical engineering

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all we would like to thank our project guide Mr. ...................... Assistant
Professor, Mechanical engineering Department, Kurukshetra University who has given
valuable support during the course of our project by clarifying our doubts and guiding us
with her novel ideas.

We would like to thank Prof. .........................., Head of department, mechanical

engineering, Kurukshetra University.

We extend our sincere thanks to our Dean .................................... Department of

mechanical engineering for giving us this wonderful opportunity to work in desired area
of interest.

We extend our sincere thanks to all teaching staff of mechanical engineering department,
those who helped us in completing this project successfully.

Lastly we also thank the people who directly or indirectly gave us encouragement and
support throughout the project.

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Role and Responsibilities

My roles and responsibilities includes:

 Prepare a requirement document to reach expectations of project and to come up

with functionalities which are needed to be implemented.
 Documentation of expected output for various aspects with accepted margin error
was also documented.
 To design overall system based on workflow requirements.
 Discussion with the project guide and Head of Department on ways to improve
the design and to optimize performance.
 Choosing suitable components and methods based on the configurations
availability and requirements.
 Testing and remedies.
 Recommendations

As a trainee mechanical engineer, I wanted to work on a project work that would

showcase my engineering knowledge. I got the opportunity to work on CNC PIPE
CUTTING MACHINE. This project was very important as it evaluated my skills and
talents in my company.

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PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY

As a mechanical engineer, before undertaking any task I checked the feasibility of the
project. In this project, my role is as team members. This report provides an insight into
the design and fabrication of a CNC PIPE CUTTING MACHINE.

I wanted to know more details of the project before commencing; hence, I researched the
topic thoroughly by referring to journals and articles online. Additionally, I obtained
more information by taking references about the topic.

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 ABSTRACT

The Machine we designed and fabricated is used for cutting any shape of object like

Circular, Rectangular, and Polygon. Hence our project namely Typical Pipe Cutting

Machine is a Special type of Machine. According to the type of material to be cut, the

cutting tool can be changed. This project gives details of Cutting various shapes and sizes

of components. This machine can be widely applied in almost all type of industries. The

pipe cutting process is a main part of the all industries.

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INTRODUCTION

CNC PIPE CUTTING MACHINE

OR

MACHINE MONITORING SYSTEM

The Machine monitoring system or Bar Feeding mechanism is a metal cutting machine
tool designed to feed the metal. The machine is exclusively intended for mass production
and they represent fasten and more efficient way to feed a metal.

Machine monitoring system or Automatic Bar feeding mechanism consists of three major
blocks. They are

• Metal Feed Mechanism

• Clamping Mechanism

• IR sensor Unit

There are numerous types of cutting machines in Engineering field, which are used to
fulfill the requirements. IR sensor unit is used to determine the bar dimension to be
cutted. We are interested to introduce pneumatic system in bar clamping machine.

Automatic bar-feeding apparatus having a pusher rod movable to and from a bar machine
such as an automatic lathe, for feeding a bar material thereto, the pushing rod being
driven by a motor at the initial stage of the feeding stroke and then by gravitational drive
through the rest of the stroke, including the machining operation. Means are provided to
prevent the bar material from being accelerated by the gravitational drive to strike against
parts of the bar machine. The motor drive further functions, in cooperation with a
clamping mechanism, to engage the bar material with the pusher rod at the beginning of
the feeding stroke, and also to disengage the scrap end of the machined bar from the
pusher rod at the end of its return stroke.

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NEED FOR AUTOMATION

Nowadays almost all the manufacturing process is being atomized in order to deliver the
products at a faster rate. The manufacturing operation is being atomized for the following
reasons.

1. To achieve mass production

2. To reduce man power

3. To increase the efficiency of the plant

4. To reduce the work load

5. To reduce the production cost

6. To reduce the production time

7. To reduce the material handling

8. To reduce the fatigue of workers

9. To achieve good product quality

10. Less Maintenance

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OBJECTIVE & SCOPE

Now a day, Machines are widely controlled by embedded system. To meet the need of
exploding population economic and effective control of machines is necessary. The main
theme of our project is used feed the raw material automatically to the machine.

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COMPONENTS & DESCRIPTION:

MAIN COMPONENTS

1. FRAME

2. GEARS

3. RACK & PINION MECHANISM

4. PVC PIPE

5. HAND GRINDING MACHINE

6. CUTTING WHEEL

7. SLIDERS

8. MOTORIZED VISE

9. DC MOTOR

10. CONNECTING WIRES

11. IR SENSOR UNIT

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DESCRIPTION

GEARS:

A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with
another toothed part to transmit torque. Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and
direction of a power source. Gears almost always produce a change in torque, creating a
mechanical advantage, through their gear ratio, and thus may be considered a simple
machine. The teeth on the two meshing gears all have the same shape.[1] Two or more
meshing gears, working in a sequence, are called a gear train or a transmission. A gear
can mesh with a linear toothed part, called a rack, thereby producing translation instead
of rotation.

The gears in a transmission are analogous to the wheels in a crossed belt pulley system.
An advantage of gears is that the teeth of a gear prevent slippage.

When two gears mesh, if one gear is bigger than the other, a mechanical advantage is
produced, with the rotational speeds, and the torques, of the two gears differing in
proportion to their diameters.

In transmissions with multiple gear ratios—such as bicycles, motorcycles, and cars—the

term "gear" as in "first gear" refers to a gear ratio rather than an actual physical gear. The
term describes similar devices, even when the gear ratio is continuous rather than
discrete, or when the device does not actually contain gears, as in a continuously variable
transmission.

SPUR GEARS:

Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder
or disk with teeth projecting radially. Though the teeth are not straight-sided (but usually
of special form to achieve a constant drive ratio, mainly involute but less commonly
cycloidal), the edge of each tooth is straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation.
These gears mesh together correctly only if fitted to parallel shafts.

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RACK & PINION MECHANISM

A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which convert
rotational motion into linear motion. A circular gear called "the pinion" engages teeth on
a linear "gear" bar called "the rack"; rotational motion applied to the pinion causes the
rack to move relative to the pinion, thereby translating the rotational motion of the pinion
into linear motion.
For example, in a rack railway, the rotation of a pinion mounted on a locomotive or a
railcar engages a rack between the rails and forces a train up a steep slope.
For every pair of conjugate involute profile, there is a basic rack. This basic rack is the
profile of the conjugate gear of infinite pitch radius (i.e. a toothed straight edge).
A generating rack is a rack outline used to indicate tooth details and dimensions for the
design of a generating tool, such as a hob or a gear shaper cutter.

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Rack and pinion combinations are often used as part of a simple linear actuator, where
the rotation of a shaft powered by hand or by a motor is converted to linear motion.

The rack carries the full load of the actuator directly and so the driving pinion is usually
small, so that the gear ratio reduces the torque required. This force, thus torque, may still
be substantial and so it is common for there to be a reduction gear immediately before
this by either a gear or worm gear reduction. Rack gears have a higher ratio, thus require
a greater driving torque, than screw actuators.

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PVC PIPE:
Plastic pipework is used for the conveyance of drinking water, waste water, chemicals,
heating fluid and cooling fluids, foodstuffs, ultra-pure liquids, slurries, gases, compressed
air and vacuum system applications.
Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC is a thermoplastic material derived from common salt and
fossil fuels. The pipe material has the longest track record of all plastic materials. The
first PVC pipes were made in the 1930s. During the 1950s, they were used to replace
corroded metal pipes and thus bring fresh drinking water to a growing urban population.
Further pressure and non-pressure applications in the field of sewers, soil and waste, gas
(low pressure) and cable protection soon followed. The material's contribution to public
health, hygiene and well-being has therefore been significant.
Based on the standard PVC material, three other variants are in use.
Another variant called OPVC represents an important landmark in the history of plastic
pipe technology. This molecular-oriented bi-axial high performance version combines
very high strength with extra impact resistance.
A ductile variant is the MPVC, PVC modified with acrylics or chlorinated PE. This very
ductile material with high fracture resistance is used in high demanding applications
where resistance against cracking and stress corrosion is important. In several studies the
long track record of PVC pipes has been investigated. Recent investigations at the
German KRV and the Dutch TNO have confirmed that PVC water pressure pipes, when
installed correctly have a useful life span of over 100 years.

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HAND GRINDER

An angle grinder, also known as a side grinder or disc grinder, is a handheld power tool
used for cutting, grinding and polishing.

Angle grinders can be powered by an electric motor, petrol engine or compressed air. The
motor drives a geared head at a right-angle on which is mounted an abrasive disc or a
thinner cut-off disc, either of which can be replaced when worn. Angle grinders typically
have an adjustable guard and a side-handle for two-handed operation. Certain angle
grinders, depending on their speed range, can be used as sanders, employing a sanding
disc with a backing pad or disc. The backing system is typically made of hard plastic,
phenolic resin, or medium-hard rubber depending on the amount of flexibility desired.

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LINEAR SLIDE

A linear stage or translation stage is a component of a precise motion system used to

restrict an object to a single axis of motion. The term linear slide is often used
interchangeably with "linear stage", though technically "linear slide" refers to a linear
motion bearing, which is only a component of a linear stage. All linear stages consist of a
platform and a base, joined by some form of guide or linear bearing in such a way that
the platform is restricted to linear motion with respect to the base. In common usage, the
term linear stage may or may not also include the mechanism by which the position of the
platform is controlled relative to the base.

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CUTTING WHEEL

A disc cutter is a specialised, often hand-held, power tool used for cutting hard materials,
for example ceramic tile. This tool is very similar to an angle grinder, with main
difference being cutting disc itself (circular diamond blade for disc cutter vs. abrasive
grinding wheel for angle grinder).

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VISE:

A vise or vice is a mechanical apparatus used to secure an object to allow work to be

performed on it. Vises have two parallel jaws, one fixed and the other movable, threaded
in and out by a screw and lever.

DC MOTOR:

A DC motor is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current electrical
power into mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces produced by
magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in
part of the motor. Most types produce rotary motion; a linear motor directly produces
force and motion in a straight line.

DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing
direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled
over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of
current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The
universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight motor used for portable

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power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles,
elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics
has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications.

CONNECTING WIRES:

A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. Wires are used to
bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is commonly
formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Wire gauges come in
various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a gauge number. The term wire is also
used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in 'multistranded wire', which is
more correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity.

Wire comes in solid core, stranded, or braided forms. Although usually circular in cross-
section, wire can be made in square, hexagonal, flattened rectangular, or other cross-
sections, either for decorative purposes, or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency

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voice coils in loudspeakers. Edge-wound[1] coil springs, such as the Slinky toy, are made
of special flattened wire.

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EXPERIMENTAL MODEL:

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WORKING PRINCIPLE:

 The motor will be rotated, so that the bar is moving from initial position to the
determined position.
 IR sensor unit is used to determine the bar dimension to be cutted.
 DC motorized vise used to clamp the workpiece.

Our project “automatic bar feeding mechanism” Bar feeding mechanism is used to feed
the raw material into the machine automatically when a set of operation is finished, it
consist of two set of rollers one is ideal and another is drive roller, ideal roller are used to
guide the job and feed roller has a driver from s D.C motor ,this drive D.C motor has a
timer, as per the time data motor will works, this timer can be adjusted as per ON time
and OFF time delay as per length of material required.

Expected outcome

1) This system determines the accurate position than the mechanical method.

2) This system reduces the burden of the maintenance.

3) This system eliminates the manual work.

4) Highly accurate and more efficient.

5) Compact and quick response.

6) Microcontroller has on-chip resources to achieve a higher level of integration and

reliability at a lower cost.

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ADVANTAGES:

1. Simple in construction than mechanical hacksaw

2. It is a compact one

3. Less Maintenance

4. Fast production

LIMITATIONS

1. Additional cost is required to do the automation.

2. Leakage of air affects the working of the unit.

APPLICATIONS

1. Small and Medium scale industries Application

2. Metal Cutting Industries and Work Shops.

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CONCLUSION:

After completing the project, conclude that our project is simple in construction and
compact in size for use. Manufacturing of machine is easy and cost of the machine is less.

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THANK YOU

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