THREE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

MAJOR PROJECT-1

Submitted to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya

towards Partial Fulfillment of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)

GUIDED BY
Ms. PRIYA PAL

SUBMITTED BY

KRISHNA GOPAL
KUNAL AHIRRAO
KUSHAL BADOLE
MAINAK MALLICK
NAYAN UPADHYAY

IPS ACADEMY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, INDORE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
2018-19
 A C K N OW L E D G E M E N T

It is our great pleasure to express our profound gratitude to our esteemed guide Ms. Priya
Pal Professor, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, IES, IPS Academy Indore
for his valuable inspiration, able guidance and untiring help, which enabled us to carry out
and complete this work.

We are grateful to Mr. Manish Sahajwani, Professor & Head-Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering IES, IPS Academy Indore, for his keenness towards this work and
efforts put in, and also for sharing his valuable time to our problems and providing useful
solutions

We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Archana Keerti Chowdhary, Principal, IES, IPS
Academy, Indore for extending all the facilities during the course of study.

At this juncture we also take this opportunity to express our deep gratitude to all the faculty
and staff of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, for their appreciation and
moral support.

We are also thankful to all our friends who helped us directly or indirectly to bring the
dissertation work to the present shape.

Date: Name of Student

KRISHNA GOPAL
KUNAL AHIRRAO
KUSHAL BADOLE
MAINAK MALLICK
NAYAN UPADHYAY
 IPS ACADEMY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, INDORE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT

RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that the Major Project-1 (Planning and Literature survey) EX-7006
entitled “THREE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED RECTIFIER” submitted by
following students may be accepted.

KRISHNA GOPAL SINGH Roll No. 0808EX151031

KUNAL AHIRRAO Roll No. 0808EX151033
KUSHAL BADOLE Roll No. 0808EX151034
MAINAK MALLICK Roll No. 0808EX151036
NAYAN UPADHYAY Roll No. 0808EX151041

Guide By HOD

Ms. Priya Pal Prof. Manish Sahajwani

 IPS ACADEMY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, INDORE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT

CERTIFICATE
We are pleased to certify that the Major Project-1 (Planning and Literature survey) EX-7006
entitled “THREE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED RECTIFIER” submitted by following
students is accepted.

KRISHNA GOPAL SINGH Roll No. 0808EX151031

KUNAL AHIRRAO Roll No. 0808EX151033
KUSHAL BADOLE Roll No. 0808EX151034
MAINAK MALLICK Roll No. 0808EX151036
NAYAN UPADHYAY Roll No. 0808EX151041

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Date: Date:
 ABSTRACT
Three phase AC to DC conversion of electric power is widely employed in adjustable speed
drives (ASDs), uninterruptible power supply (UPSs), HVDC systems and utility interfaces
with non-conventional energy sources such as electroplating welding units etc, battery
charging for electric vehicles and power supplies for telecommunication systems.

The purpose of this project is to successfully convert three phase ac to dc conversion of

electric power using SCRs. AC to DC line commutated converters are used as the most usual
choice for application. This is due to simplicity of the circuits requiring a minimum number
of active and passive components. Thyristors or SCRs are the main line commutated power
switches. This project is built on thyristors and a control or firing system using ATmega328p
microcontroller which is used to trigger the three phase full-controlled bridge rectifier. it
adopts three synchronization signals, 6-channels trigger pulses from it are very symmetrical
and the pulses can be shifted within a cycle of a sine wave from 0 degree to 162 degrees.

Structure of this circuit is simple and consists of the rectifier circuit consisting of the 6-SCRs
and the isolation circuit with the protection system, a microcontroller a LCD screen
,synchronization circuits and the control voltage circuit. Its performance is high stable and
reliable. Its anti-interference ability is strong and its operation is easy.

A zero crossing circuit attached to the AC lines produces a digital signal to the processor
(based on signal zero crossings) that is captured and used to predict the next zero crossing
capture time and fire the SCR’s based on this prediction. For accuracy and precision, a phase
locked loop algorithm is implemented in software that works to improve the accuracy of the
next predicted zero crossing and locks to produce the desired output voltage.
 Table of Contents
CH NO TOPIC NAME Page No
1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Overview
1.2. Background
1.3. Objectives
1.4. Scope
1.5. Problem Statement
1.6. Project Report

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 4

2.1. Introduction
2.2. Theory of Rectifires
2.2.1. Single Phase Rectifiers
2.2.2. Three Phase Rectifiers
2.3. Thyristor Commutation Effect of the AC Input Reactance
2.4. Power Displacement Factor and Power Factor
2.5. Effects on the AC Main Voltage
2.6. How to Reduce the Harmonic on the AC Main
2.6.1. Three Phase Line Reactor
2.6.2. DC Line Choke
2.6.3. Passive Filters
2.7. Silicon Controller Rectifiers
2.7.1. Working of SCR
2.7.2. Switching Characteristics of SCR
2.7.3. SCR Rating
2.7.4. Gate Circuit Requirement
2.7.5. SCR Protection
2.8. Previous Researches

3. Methodology 18

3.1 Introduction
3.2. Design
3.2.1. Input
3.2.2. The Rectifiers Circuit
3.2.3. Sychronization of circuit / Zero Crossing Detector
3.2.4. Controlling voltage
3.2.5. Generating of the firing pulses
3.3. Software Design
3.3.1. Main Program
3.3.2. ADC program for delay

4. Refferences 24
 TABLE OF FIGURES

S.No Name of Figure Page No.

1 Rectifier 1
2 inverter 1
3 Chopper 1
4 Power electronics interface 2
between the power processor
and controller
5 Uncontrolled rectifier and 5
sub divisions
6 controlled rectifier and sub 6
divisions
7 Single-phase half wave 6
diode rectifier-R/L Load
8 A basic half wave controlled 7
rectifier
9 a. The Bridge Rectifier Figure 10 b: single
7 diode rectifier waveform
b. Single diode rectifier
waveforms
c. The centre-tapped
Transformer rectifier
10 A full wave controlled 8
bridge rectifier
11 Single way rectifier 8
12 a. Source and output voltage 9
13 Three-phase bridge rectifier (a) 9
& (b) it’s ideal equivalent
circuit
14 a. Fully-controlled three 11
phase bridge ciruit,
b. The output voltage
waveforms with small
fring angle and
c. with large firing angle
15 Commutation of thyristor 11
from one phase to another
16 two- transistor model of the 15
thyristor (SCR) (a and b) and
its symbol
17 Layer diagram of thyristor 15
18 The static V-I characteristic 16
of an SCR
19 a. firing network load line 17
20 Three phase controlled 18
rectifier circuits
21 Tri-phase control rectifier 18
block diagram
22 The input circuit to rectifier 19

23 Three phase connected to 19

the supply with the snubber
circuits and isolation circuit
24 MOC3021 isolator 20
connection to SCR and
interface with ATmega328p
microcontroller
25 zero crossing circuit with 20
input transformer
26 square wave zero crossing 21
signals of the two phases
27 Controlling Voltage circuit 21
28 waveform of the output 22
pulse
29 flow chart ADC subroutine 23
and delay control