Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
HEALTHCARE FACILITY
Kitchen Equipment
Groups of Medical Equipment / furniture
Supplied and installed by contractor. Major
items include Mechanical and Electrical
Group related (sterilizer equipment, autoclaves,
1 surgical lights, imaging equipment
including built-in furniture.)
Source: ASHRAE
ROLE OF AIR CONDITIONING IN DISEASE PREVENTION
AND TREATMENT
Preventing the
spread Dilution (by Air quality (by
(pressure ventilation), filtration),
control)
Exposure time
(by air change
Temperature, Humidity,
and pressure
differential),
Organism
viability (by
Airflow patterns.
ultraviolet [UV]
treatment), and
Design Challenges Low Temperature and
Humidity Control
Noise Level
Differential Pressure
Air Change
Application
Operation Theatre
Typical Operation
Room Layout
HEPA Filter- Laminar Flow
Operation
Room Design
+ ++
Low Level
Exhaust
Cavity wall
construction to
prevent AHU c/w
condensation humidity
(including control
ceiling and floor Heat
slab) Recovery
Wheel
Design Low temperature and
Challenges humidity control
Operating Theatre Conditions
Parameter ASHRAE HTM 02-01
Temperature 20-24oC 18-25oC
Humidity 20-60 % 30-65%
Entering
Chilled Water
Temp
Simulation in HAP
45 @ 25 ACH,
Temperature and Humidity HRW
Cooling coil approach temperature from 1.6oC to 5.5oC, a typical value for
HVAC applications is approximately 3.8oC.
Duct
installation
Difficulty
Design Differential Pressure
Challenges Control
Differential Pressure Control
• Requires tight envelope. Hard to estimate building air
tightness.
140
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 × 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓)
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =
120 60
Time (min)
100
80
60
40
20
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 15 20 50
Time for 99% Removal
138 69 46 35 28 23 18 14 6
Efficiency
Effect of High Air Change (ACH)
Whose responsibility?
Noise level
criteria is inside
our Need
Statement
Operation
/Procedure 30-35 25-35 35-45 40-50 45-55 35-45 40-50
room
RC, taken into account low frequency band i.e 16 & 31.5 Hz up to 8000Hz
NC starts from 63 Hz, 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz, 8000Hz
Noise pollution level during various surgeries
Reference: Giv, Masoumeh Dorri, et al. "Evaluation of noise pollution level in the
operating rooms of hospitals: A study in Iran." Interventional Medicine and Applied
Science 9.2 (2017): 61-66.
All Equipment Noise in Operating Theatre
Phase Noise Level (dBA)
Pre-operating phase 62-84
Operating phase 58-82
Post operating phase 45-84
Bigger fan
- Expensive
- Bigger AHU
Lower
speed,
lower
Source: Kruger noise
Fan BDB 315
Design Challenges
Internal duct Liner vs dBA
70
65
60
Room dBA
55
50
45
40
35
Internal Duct liner length (m)
30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
dBA 64 60 54 51 50 48 47 45
Calculated using TAP Acoustic simulation software Based on simulation carried out with
• 4500 cfm Saiver AHU. Sound power
level data from manufacturer
AHU-MOT
located at
upper floors