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1. 𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 6
𝐴 = 3 𝑦 𝑦𝑝 = 3
Ecuación característica es 𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 + 2 = 0
Resolvemos esto mediante la ecuación cuadrática
−3 ± √32 − 4(1)()
𝑦=
2(1)
−3 ± √9 − 8
𝑦=
2(1)
−3 ± √1
𝑦=
2(1)
−3 ± √1
𝑦1 =
2(1)
−3 + 1 −2
𝑦1 = → 𝑦1 = = 𝑦1 = −1
2(1) 2(1)
−3 − 1
𝑦2 =
2(1)
−4
𝑦2 = → 𝑦2 = −2
2(1)
3 3 5
La solución es 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥 + 3
𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑒 5𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑥𝑒 5𝑥 𝑦 𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵. 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠
4 . 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
5. 𝑦 ′′′ − 𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 5 − 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 2𝑥
6. 𝑦 (4) − 𝑦 ′′ = 4𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
2𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 − 2 = (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2)
2𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 − 2 = (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2)
𝑥
𝑦𝑐 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 2 𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 ′ 𝑝 = 2𝐴𝑋 + 𝐵 +
𝑦 ′′ 𝑝 = 2𝐴
4𝐴 + 3𝐵 − 2𝐶 = −11
−2𝐵 + 6𝐴 = −4
−2𝐴 = 14
(𝐴 = −7, 𝐵 = −19, 𝐶 = −37)
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 2 − 7𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 37
1 186
Para las condiciones iniciales obtenemos 𝑐1 = − 5 𝑒 −2𝑥 , 𝑐2 = 5
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
1 186 𝑥
𝑦 = − 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝑒 2 − 7𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 37
5 5
Asi obtenemos
𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 (−10𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 9𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 7𝑒 −4𝑥