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Matter Vocabulary

Word Definition Image

atom  
An atom is the smallest constituent unit 
of ordinary matter that has the properties 
of a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, 
gas, and plasma is composed of neutral 
or ionized atoms. Atoms are extremely 
small; typical sizes are around 100 
picometers. 

element a part or aspect of something abstract, 


especially one that is essential or 
characteristic.

constraint a limitation or restriction.

criteria a principle or standard by which 


something may be judged or decided.
atomic mass the mass of an atom of a chemical 
element expressed in atomic mass 
units. It is approximately 
equivalent to the number of 
protons and neutrons in the atom 
(the mass number) or to the 
average number allowing for the 
relative abundances of different 
isotopes. 
 

Periodic The periodic table, also known as the 


table periodic table of elements, is a tabular 
display of the chemical elements, which 
are arranged by atomic number, electron 
configuration, and recurring chemical 
properties. The structure of the table 
shows periodic trends.

Chemical A chemical symbol is a notation of one or 


symbol two letters representing a chemical 
element. The exceptions to the one- to 
two-letter symbol are the temporary 
element symbols assigned to designate 
new or to-be-synthesized elements. 
Temporary element symbols are three 
letters that are based on the element's 
atomic number

molecule a group of atoms bonded together, 


representing the smallest fundamental 
unit of a chemical compound that can 
take part in a chemical reaction.
chemical A chemical bond is a lasting attraction 
bond between atoms, ions or molecules that 
enables the formation of chemical 
compounds. The bond may result from the 
electrostatic force of attraction between 
oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or 
through the sharing of electrons as in 
covalent bonds.

model Scientific​ modelling. EXPLORE. In 


science​, a ​model​ is a representation of an 
idea, an object or even a process or a 
system that is used to describe and 
explain phenomena that cannot be 
experienced directly. M ​ odels​ are central 
to what s​ cientists​ do, both in their 
research as well as when communicating 
their explanations

chemical A chemical structure determination includes 


structure a chemist's specifying the molecular 
geometry and, when feasible and necessary, 
the electronic structure of the target 
molecule or other solid

atomic Composition​ of the A​ tom​. The ​atom 


composition consists of a tiny nucleus surrounded by 
moving electrons. The nucleus contains 
protons, which have a positive charge 
equal in magnitude to the electron's 
negative charge. The nucleus may also 
contain neutrons, which have virtually the 
same mass but no charge. 
crystal A ​crystal​ or crystalline solid is a solid 
material whose constituents (such as 
atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged 
in a highly ordered microscopic structure, 
forming a ​crystal​ lattice that extends in 
all directions. 

extended Substances are made from different 


structure types of atoms, which combine with one 
another in various ways. Atoms form 
molecules that range in size from two to 
thousands of atoms. ... Solids may be 
formed from molecules, or they may be 
extended structures​ with repeating 
subunits (e.g., crystals). 

polymer a substance that has a molecular structure 


consisting chiefly or entirely of a large 
number of similar units bonded together, e.g., 
many synthetic organic materials used as 
plastics and resins.

Macroscopic sible to the naked eye; not microscopic. 

substance the real physical matter of which a person or 


thing consists and which has a tangible, solid 
presence. 
 
property a thing or things belonging to someone; 
possessions collectively.

mass Mass​ is both a property of a physical 


body and a measure of its resistance to 
acceleration (a change in its state of 
motion) when a net force is applied. The 
object's m
​ ass​ also determines the 
strength of its gravitational attraction to 
other bodies. The basic SI unit of ​mass​ is 
the kilogram (kg). 

density a measure of the amount of information on a 


storage medium (tape or disk). For magnetic 
tape it is the amount of information recorded 
per unit length of tape (bits per inch or 
millimeter); for a disk, a fixed number of bits 
per sector, sectors per track, and tracks per 
disk.

solubility Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or 


gaseous chemical substance called solute to 
dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.

state of In physics, a state of matter is one of the 


matter distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four 
states of matter are observable in everyday 
life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
solid In object-oriented computer programming, 
SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design 
principles intended to make software designs 
more understandable, flexible and 
maintainable. It is not related to the GRASP 
software design principles.

liquid A ​liquid​ is a nearly incompressible fluid 


that conforms to the shape of its 
container but retains a (nearly) constant 
volume independent of pressure. As such, 
it is one of the four fundamental states of 
matter (the others being solid, gas, and 
plasma), and is the only state with a 
definite volume but no fixed shape. 

gas Gas​ is one of the four fundamental states 


of matter (the others being solid, liquid, 
and plasma). A pure​gas​ may be made up 
of individual atoms (e.g. a noble g
​ as​ like 
neon), elemental molecules made from 
one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or 
compound molecules made from a 
variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). 

boiling point the temperature at which a liquid boils and 


turns to vapor.
melting point the temperature at which a given solid will 
melt.

pressure Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to 


the surface of an object per unit area over 
which that force is distributed. Gauge 
pressure is the pressure relative to the 
ambient pressure. Various units are used to 
express pressure.

temperature ​Temperature​ is a measure of how hot or 


cold something is; specifically, a measure 
of the average kinetic energy of the 
particles in an object, which is a type of 
energy associated with motion. ... The 
terms hot and cold are not very s ​ cientific 
terms.

Thermal Thermal energy​ is the ​energy​ that comes 


energy from ​heat​. This ​heat​ is generated by the 
movement of tiny particles within an 
object. The faster these particles move, 
the more h​ eat​ is generated.
heat the quality of being hot; high temperature.

sublime of a solid substance) change directly into vapor 


when heated, typically forming a solid deposit 
again on cooling. 

evaporate turn from liquid into vapor.


deposit An accumulation or layer of solid 
material, either consolidated or 
unconsolidated, left or laid down by a 
natural process. ​Deposits​ include 
sediments left by water, wind, ice, gravity, 
volcanic activity, or other agents. 

condense change or cause to change from a gas or 


vapor to a liquid.

product n chemistry, a ​product​ is a substance that 


is formed as the result of a chemical 
reaction. ... The number and type of 
atoms on the reactants side of the 
equation are the same as the number and 
type of atoms in the p
​ roducts​.

reactant a substance that takes part in and 


undergoes change during a reaction. 
 

chemical A chemical reaction is a process that leads to 


reaction the chemical transformation of one set of 
chemical substances to another

Scientific Scientific evidence is evidence which serves 


evidence to either support or counter a scientific theory 
or hypothesis. Such evidence is expected to 
be empirical evidence and interpreted in 
accordance with the scientific method.
Clinical trial Clinical trials are experiments or observations 
done in clinical research. Such prospective 
biomedical or behavioral research studies on 
human participants are designed to answer 
specific questions

Chemical A ​chemical equation​ is the symbolic 


equation representation of a c
​ hemical​ reaction in 
the form of symbols and formulae, 
wherein the reactant entities are given on 
the left-hand side and the product entities 
on the right-hand side. 

Scientific The laws of science, also called scientific 


law laws or scientific principles, are statements 
that describe or predict a range of natural 
phenomena. Each scientific law is a 
statement based on repeated experimental 
observations that describes some aspect of 
the Universe. 

Law of The ​law of conservation​ of mass or 


conservation principle of mass conservation states 
of matter that for any system closed to all transfers 
of ​matter​ and energy, the mass of the 
system must remain constant over time, 
as system's mass cannot change, so 
quantity cannot be added or removed. 
Hence, the quantity of mass is conserved 
over time. 
exothermic An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction 
reaction that releases energy through light or heat. It 
is the opposite of an endothermic reaction. 
Expressed in a chemical equation: reactants 
→ products + energy. Exothermic Reaction 
means "exo" meaning releases and "thermic" 
means heat.

endothermic An endothermic process is any process 


reaction which requires or absorbs energy from its 
surroundings, usually in the form of heat. It 
may be a chemical process, such as 
dissolving ammonium nitrate in water, or 
simply the melting of ice cubes

prototype a first, typical or preliminary model of 


something, especially a machine, from which 
other forms are developed or copied.

synthetic Something made of artificial m ​ aterial​, not 


material natural items, can be described as 
synthetic. ... The adjective ​synthetic 
usually describes things created by 
chemical synthesis (​synthetic​ compound, 
synthetic​ drug, ​synthetic material​), but it 
sometimes describes an emotion that is 
feigned or not genuine. 
natural Natural resources are resources that exist 
resource without actions of humankind. This includes 
all valued characteristics such as magnetic, 
gravitational, electrical properties and forces 
etc

food additive a substance added to food to 


enhance its flavor or appearance or to 
preserve it. 
 

biodegradab
le (of a substance or object) capable of 
being decomposed by bacteria or 
other living organisms. 

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