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UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

END OF SECOND SEMESTER EXAMS, 2014/2015


LAT 301AS: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND GLASS BLOWING

Instruction: Answer question one (40 marks) and any other two (60marks)

Time allowed: 2hours

Q.1 (a) (i) What are the types of Smart Memory Alloys?
(ii) Define each of the following terms:
1. Tensile stress
2. Tensile strain
3. Young modulus
What is the SI unit of each of these terms?
[8marks]

(b) (i) In a glassblowing laboratory, a neutral flame temperature of about 2950 ℃ is normally
used.
Mention the composition of the premix type that produces the flame.
(ii) Distinguish between the linear coefficient of expansion rates of the following glasses,
soft glass, Pyrex and quartz.
[8marks]

c) (i) Give 4 examples of inorganic solid substances of engineering interest.


(ii) What is a dislocation in crystalline materials?
List three different ways dislocations can be produced in metals.
[8marks]

(d) (i) How many electrons are there in the element Aluminium? How many protons?
(ii) In a tabular form, list four (4) properties and uses of Aluminium.
[8marks]

(e)(i) List three (3) types of fibre reinforcement in a composite.


(ii) State five (5) physical properties of the matrix which influence the behaviour of
composite materials.
[8marks]
Q.2
(a) What are the two most important purposes of using a matrix-based structural composite?
Write down the classification of composites.
[10 marks]
(b) (i) Differentiate between metal matrices and glass matrices of structural composites.
(ii) Briefly compare the main characteristics of composites with pure metals, based
on the following terms: tensile strength, fatigue endurance limit, versatility, and
corrosion resistance.
[10marks]
(c) (i) List five (5) desired properties of the matrix important for a composite structure.
(ii) What is a concrete? How is a reinforced concrete made?
(iii) List four (4) engineering applications in which composites are used.
[10marks]

Q3.

(a) i). 𝛼) Differentiate between Pseudo-elastic effect and Shape memory effect of Smart
Memory Alloys.
𝛽) Mention 4 applications of each effect.
ii). Sketch a graph to illustrate stress-strain relationship for mild steel which fractures.
Label all the important points on the graph.
[10 marks]
(b) i) What are the differences between crystalline and non-crystalline carbon? Give three
(3) examples of each.

ii) Two masses are suspended on a copper of Young’s modulus, 𝐸 = 117 𝐺𝑃𝑎 and an
iron, 𝐸 = 207𝐺𝑃𝑎 wire as shown in the diagram below. What is the stress and the
elongation in each wire?

[10 marks]
(c) i). Complete the table below by identifying the crystal structure of the metals provided.

Metal Crystal structure


Cadmium
Zinc
Titanium
Gold
Lead
Silver
Copper
Platinum
Aluminium
iron

ii). In an experiment to measure the Young modulus for steel, a wire is suspended
vertically and loaded at the free ends. In such an experiment,
(𝛼) why is the wire long and thin?
(𝛽) why is a second steel wire suspended adjacent to the first?
[10 marks]

Q4.
(a) i). Mention four (4) applications of glass.
ii). Copy and complete the table below

Type of glass Constituents Softening temperature (℃)


Quartz

Soda glass

Pyrex
[13 marks]
(b) i). State and explain three methods of glass blowing.
ii). Mention six (6) basic tools used in glass blowing and state their uses.
[9 marks]
(c) i). From a glass tubing, explain how to make a round bottom flask
ii) Write out the procedures involved in turning on and off of the torch in the laboratory.
[8 marks]

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