MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS Pathophysiology of Congestive heart failure Non modifiable risk factors

 Hypertension Change in Endothelial tissue  Age (60-69)

 Coronary Heart disease  Gender
 Valvular disease  Ethnicity (south asians
Weakening of right ventricle Narrowing of vessel with plaque
 Arteriosclerosis in UK are twice likely to
 Atherosclerosis develop CAD; African
 Diabetes Thrombus formation Caribbean have
Right ventricular hypertrophy
 Obesity increased average risk)
 Viruses Increase workload;
 Diet walls thicken
 Heart attack Backflow of blood circulation
 Smoking
 Congenital heart defects
Myocardial Dysfunction Anaerobic
Right sided heart failure metabolism

Myocardial Failiure Anterior Myocardial

Infarction Lactic acid build
Decrease systemic bloodflow
up

ST Depression
Altered systemic perfusion

Chest pain

Troponin 1
 Neurohormonal activation

Activation of RAAS Increase sympathetic activity Decrease end systolic volume

Release of epinephrine and Decrease ventricular Atrial Fibrillation

Vasoconstriction of small arterioles norepinephrine inotropy

Prolonged QT wave Prolonged P wave

Increase peripheral vascular resistance Increase myocardial workload

Increase aldosterone release Decreased Stroke volume

Heart Attack

Decrease in perfusion in tissues

Increase sodium and water retention

DEATH Fatigue
Systemic Hypoxemia
Increase BUN Systemic Hypoxia
Use of Accessory muscles for Respiration

EDEMA

UNDERLINED- Risk Factors of Patient

RED- Symptoms Manifested by Patient
GREY- Complications