Name:_____________________________ Yr:____ C) contain chloroplasts that import K+ directly into

Final Exam In Plant Physiology (2019) the cells

I. Choose the letter of the BEST answer.Write D) guard against mineral loss through the stomata
the letter in the space before the number. E) help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration
compromise
1.) Which of the following statements is false
concerning the xylem? 6) All of the following normally enter the plant
A) Xylem tracheids and vessels fulfill their vital through the roots except
function only after their death. A) carbon dioxide. B) nitrogen. C) potassium.
B) The cell walls of the tracheids are greatly D) water. E) calcium.
strengthened with cellulose fibrils forming
thickened rings or spirals. 7) Photosynthesis begins to decline when leaves wilt
C) Water molecules are transpired from the cells of because
the leaves, and replaced by water molecules in the A) chloroplasts within wilted leaves are incapable of
xylem pulled up from the roots due to the cohesion photosynthesis.
of water molecules. B) CO2 accumulates in the leaves and inhibits the
D) Movement of materials is by mass flow; solutes enzymes needed for photosynthesis.
in xylary sap move due to a positive turgor pressure C) there is insufficient water for photolysis during
gradient from source to sink. the light reactions.
E) In the morning, sap in the xylem begins to move D) stomata close, restricting CO2 entry into the leaf.
first in the twigs of the upper portion of the tree, and
E) wilted leaves cannot absorb the red and blue
later in the lower trunk.
wavelengths of light.
2) Water rises in plants primarily by cohesion-
8) The water lost during transpiration is a side effect
tension. Which of the following is not true about the
of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant
cohesion-tension model?
derives some benefit from this water loss in the form
A) Water loss (transpiration) is the driving force for
of
water movement.
A) evaporative cooling.
B) The "tension" of this model represents the
B) mineral transport.
excitability of the xylem cells.
C) increased turgor.
C) Cohesion represents the tendency for water
D) increased growth,
molecules to stick together by hydrogen bonds.
E) only evaporative cooling and mineral transport.
D) The physical forces in the capillary-sized xylem
cells make it easier to overcome gravity.
9) Ignoring all other factors, what kind of day would
E) The water potential of the air is more negative
result in the fastest delivery of water and minerals to
than the xylem.
the leaves of a tree?
A) cool, dry day
3) Assume that a particular chemical interferes with
B) warm, dry day
the establishment and maintenance of proton
C) warm, humid day
gradients across the membranes of plant cells. All of
D) cool, humid day
the following processes would be directly affected
E) very hot, dry, windy day
by this chemical except
A) photosynthesis.
10) If the guard cells and surrounding epidermal
B) phloem loading.
cells in a plant are deficient in potassium ions, all of
C) xylem transport.
the following would occur except
D) cellular respiration.
A) photosynthesis would decrease.
E) stomatal opening.
B) roots would take up less water.
C) phloem transport rates would decrease.
4) Which cells in a root form a protective barrier to
D) leaf temperatures would decrease.
the vascular system where all materials must move
E) stomata would be closed.
through the symplast?
A) pericycle B) cortex C) epidermis
11) The opening of stomata is thought to involve
D) endodermis E) exodermis
A) an increase in the solute concentration of the
guard cells.
5) Guard cells do which of the following?
B) a decrease in the solute concentration of the
A) protect the endodermis
stoma.
B) accumulate K+ and close the stomata C) active transport of water out of the guard cells.
D) decreased turgor pressure in guard cells.
E) movement of K+ from the guard cells.
12) All of the following are adaptations that help
reduce water loss from a plant except
A) transpiration.
B) sunken stomata.
C) C4 photosynthesis.
D) small, thick leaves.
E) crassulacean acid metabolism.
13) A primary result for stomatal closure on a hot,
dry day would be
A) release of K+ ions to the apoplast and subsidiary
cells.
B) displacement of Ca++ ions from the thick inner
walls of the guard cells.
C) disassembly of the microfibrils in the cell walls
of the subsidiary cells.
D) upregulation of aquaporin synthesis.
E) downregulation of extension proteins.
14) What is the driving force for the movement of
solutes in the phloem of plants?
A) gravity
B) a difference in water potential (Ψ) between the
source and the sink
C) root pressure
D) transpiration of water through the stomata
E) adhesion of water to phloem sieve tubes
15) According to the pressure flow hypothesis of
phloem transport,
A) solute moves from a high concentration in the
source to a lower concentration in the sink.
B) water is actively transported into the source
region of the phloem to create the turgor pressure
needed.
C) the combination of a high turgor pressure in the
source and transpiration water loss from the sink
moves solutes through phloem conduits.
D) the formation of starch from sugar in the sink
increases the osmotic concentration.
E) the pressure in the phloem of a root is normally
greater than the pressure in the phloem of a leaf.
16) What is the main cause of guttation in plants?
A) root pressure
B) transpiration
C) pressure flow in phloem
D) plant injury
E) condensation of atmospheric water
17) Which of the following would tend to increase
transpiration?
A) a rainstorm
B) sunken stomata
C) a thicker cuticle
D) higher stomatal density
E) spiny leaves
18) If you wanted to increase the cation exchange
and water retention capacity of loamy soil, what
should you do?
A) adjust the soil pH to 7.9
B) add clay to the soil
C) practice no-till agriculture
D) add fertilizer containing potassium, calcium, and
magnesium to the soil
E) increase the number of sand particles in the soil
19) Most of the water taken up by a plant is
A) used as a solvent.
B) used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis.
C) lost during transpiration.
D) converted to CO2.
E) used to keep cells turgid.
20) A soil well suited for the growth of most plants
would have all of the following properties except
A) abundant humus.
B) air spaces.
C) good drainage.
D) high cation exchange capacity.
E) a high pH.
21) Why does overwatering a plant kill it?
A) Water does not have all the necessary minerals a
plant needs to grow.
B) Water neutralizes the pH of the soil.
C) The roots are deprived of oxygen.
D) Water supports the growth of root parasites.
E) Water lowers the water potential of the roots.
22) Which of the following soil minerals is most
likely leached away during a hard rain?
A) Na+ B) K+ C) Ca++
D) NO3 - E) H+
23) The NPK percentages on a package of fertilizer
refer to the
A) total protein content of the three major
ingredients of the fertilizer.
B) percentages of manure collected from different
types of animals.
C) relative percentages of organic and inorganic
nutrients in the fertilizer.
D) percentages of three important mineral nutrients.
E) proportions of three different nitrogen sources.
24) A young farmer purchases some land in a
relatively arid area and is interested in earning a
reasonable profit for many years. Which of the
following strategies would best allow the farmer to
achieve such a goal?
A) establishing an extensive irrigation system
B) using plenty of the best fertilizers
C) finding a way to sell all parts of crop plants
D) selecting crops adapted to arid areas
E) converting hillsides into fields
25) Which of the following would be the most
effective strategy to remove toxic heavy metals from
a soil?
A) heavy irrigation to leach out the heavy metals
B) application of fertilizers to compete with heavy
metal uptake
C) application of sulfur to lower the soil pH and
precipitate the heavy metals
D) adding plant species that have the ability to take
up and volatilize heavy metals
E) inoculating soil with mycorrhizae to avoid heavy
metal uptake
26) Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived
from
A) NO3 and CO2. C) PO4 and K.
B) K and CO2. D) H2O and K.
E) H2O and CO2.
27) A growing plant exhibits chlorosis of the
leaves, especially the older, more mature ones. The
chlorosis is probably due to a deficiency of which of
the following macronutrients?
A) carbon B) oxygen
C) nitrogen D) calcium E) hydrogen
28) Which of the following elements is incorrectly
paired with its function in a plant?
A) nitrogen component of nucleic acids, proteins,
hormones, coenzymes
B) magnesium component of chlorophyll; activates
many enzymes
C) phosphorus component of nucleic acids,
phospholipids, ATP, several coenzymes
D) potassium cofactor functional in protein
synthesis, osmosis, operation of stomata
E) sulfur component of DNA; activates some
enzymes
29) Which of the following elements, if increased in
concentration, would increase the stability of cell
walls?
A) zinc B) chlorine
C) calcium D) molybdenum E) manganese
30) What is a major function of magnesium in
plants?
A) to be a component of lignin-biosynthetic
enzymes
B) to be a component of DNA and RNA
C) to be a component of chlorophyll
D) to be active in amino acid formation
E) to be required to regenerate phosphoenolpyruvate
in C4 and CAM plants
31) Reddish-purple coloring of leaves, especially
along the margins of young leaves, is a typical
symptom of deficiency of which element?
A) C C) N
B) M ++ D) P E) K+
32) Which of the following best describes the
general role of micronutrients in plants?
A) They are cofactors in enzymatic reactions.
B) They are necessary for essential regulatory
functions.
C) They prevent chlorosis.
D) They are components of nucleic acids.
E) They are necessary for the formation of cell
walls.
33) Which of the following is not true of
micronutrients in plants?
A) They are elements required in relatively small
amounts.
B) They are required for a plant to grow from a seed
and complete its life cycle.
C) They generally help in catalytic functions in the
plant.
D) They are the essential elements of small size and
molecular weight.
E) Deficiencies vary widely by soil type.
34) A plant seedling bends toward sunlight because
A) auxin migrates to the lower part of the stem due
to gravity.
B) there is more auxin on the light side of the stem.
C) auxin is destroyed more quickly on the dark side
of the stem.
D) auxin is found in greatest abundance on the dark
side of the stem.
E) gibberellins produced at the stem tip cause
phototropism.
35) The apical bud of a shoot produces ________,
resulting in the inhibition of lateral bud growth.
A) abscisic acid B) ethylene
C) cytokinin D) gibberellin E) auxin
36) The ripening of fruit and the dropping of leaves
and fruit are principally controlled by
A) auxins.
B) cytokinins.
C) indole acetic acid.
D) ethylene.
E) carbon dioxide concentration (in air).
37) Which plant hormones would likely be found in
high amounts in a sprouting vegetative stem?
A) auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins
B) gibberellins, brassinosteroids, cytokinins
C) auxins, abscisic acid, ethylene
D) auxins, phytochrome, brassinosteroids
E) gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid
38) Which of the following plant hormones would
be found in very low amounts in a mature, water-
stressed tomato plant?
A) auxins, abscisic acid,
B) auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins
C) gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene
D) cytokinins, abscisic acid
E) ethylene, auxin
39) When growing plants in culture, IAA is used to
stimulate cell enlargement. Which plant growth
regulator has to now be added to stimulate cell
division?
A) ethylene B) indoleacetic acid
C) gibberellin D) cytokinin E) abscisic acid
40) Why do coleoptiles grow toward light?
A) Auxin is destroyed by light.
B) Gibberellins are destroyed by light.
C) Auxin synthesis is stimulated in the dark.
D) Auxin moves away from the light to the shady
side.
E) Gibberellins move away from the light to the
shady side.
41) Which of the following statements applies to
plant growth regulators?
A) They only act by altering gene expression.
B) They often have a multiplicity of effects.
C) They function independently of other hormones.
D) They directly control plant protein synthesis and
assembly.
E) They affect the division and elongation, but not
the differentiation, of cells.
42) Plant hormones produce their effects by
A) altering the expression of genes.
B) modifying the permeability of the plasma
membrane.
C) modifying the structure of the nuclear envelope
membrane.
D) altering the expression of genes and modifying
the permeability of the plasma membrane.
E) modifying the permeability of the plasma
membrane and modifying the structure of the
nuclear envelope membrane.
43) Which of the following hormones would never
be found in high concentrations in a dormant
overwintering flower bud?
A) auxin B) cytokinins
C) abscisic acid D) ethylene E) gibberellins
44) Auxins (IAA) in plants are known to affect all of
the following phenomena except
A) geotropism of shoots.
B) maintenance of dormancy.
C) phototropism of shoots.
D) inhibition of lateral buds.
E) fruit development.
45) Which of the following plant hormones are most
likely to act synergistically if expressed or applied to
a drought-stricken plant?
A) auxin and ethylene
B) phytochrome and gibberellins
C) gibberellins and abscisic acid
D) abscisic acid and ethylene
E) ethylne and cytokinins
46) Which of the following hormones would be
most useful in promoting the rooting of plant
cuttings?
A) oligosaccharins B) abscisic acid
C) cytokinins D) gibberellins E) auxins
47) Which of the following plant hormones would
most likely be found in high concentrations in a
mature, slightly overripe fruit?
A) auxins and cytokinins
B) auxins and abscisic acid
C) gibberellins and cytokinins
D) cytokinins and ethylene
E) abscisic acid and ethylene
48) If you were shipping green bananas to a
supermarket thousands of miles away, which of the
following chemicals would you want to eliminate
from the plants' environment?
A) CO2 B) cytokinins C) ethylene
D) auxin E) gibberellic acids
49) Which of the following plant growth responses
is primarily due to the action of auxins?
A) leaf abscission
B) fruit development
C) cell division
D) the detection of photoperiod
E) cell elongation
50) A short-day plant will flower only when
A) days are shorter than nights.
B) days are shorter than a certain critical value.
C) nights are shorter than a certain critical value.
D) nights are longer than a certain critical value.
E) days and nights are of equal length.