Modernisation of agriculture sand

Introduction Agriculture is the process of producting food, feed, and many other
desired product by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals.
The practice of agriculture is also as farming, while scientist, inventors and others devoted to
improve farming method and implements are also said to be engaged in agriculture . The
terms agriculture modernisation means traditional to modern agriculture transformation
process and use of technology for agriculture. In this process, the agriculture with modern
industry, increasing in modern science and technology and modern economy management
method, makeup the agriculture productivity by backward traditional agriculture increasingly
contemporary word advanced level of agriculture. Agriculture modernisation is a
psychological state of farmers mind. India has second highest agriculture land in the world.
Majority of Indians depend for employment on agriculture. India needs to adopt world’s best
agricultural practices to raise her production and productivity. Around 65% of Indian
economy depends on agriculture. Chhattisgarh state is locatedon central India. It
th
is the 10 largest state of India with a geographical area of 13790 thousand ha.Chhattisgarh
produced 70% paddy of total production. Chhattisgarh is also called the "RICE BOWL Of
INDIA". The principle products are rice, wheat,maize,and other little millets and
beats ; oilseeds, for example, groundnuts (peanuts), soybeans and sunflowers,

CROPING PATTENS
Types of Seed ;-Traditonal Seed -The most traditional seed varieties of the state are
Javaphool, Dubraj, Badshahbhoj, Kalanamak etc. This varieties are planted between July 15
to 25. The 30 to 40 days old seedling produced higher yield and quality.

Modern Seed- The high yielding variety of seed of the state are Poornima,
Samleshwari, Danteshwari. Medium variety of seed are –IR64, MTU 1010 , IR 36,
Mahamaya, Chandrahasini, Karma- masuri etc.

Soil Type in Chhattisgarh - The soil are usually shallow and young soils are classified
into five major types – Entisoils, Inceptisoil, Alfisoil, Vertisoil, Mollisoils.

Monsoon in Chhattisgarh-Tthe monsoon reaches the Southern most tip of Bastar

district aroud 10th to 20th June.

Rainfall in Chhattisgarh- Rainfall during July and August is usually high about 350-
400mm in Chhattisgarh.

IRREGATION SYSTEM in Chhattisgarh- Only about 20% of the area is under

irrigation; the rest depends on rain. the three agroclimatic zones, about 73% of the
Chhattisgarh plains, 97% of the Bastar plateau and 95% of the northern hills are rainfed
Chhattisgarh has a limited irrigation system, with dams and canals on some rivers.
Cropping pattern followed in Chhattisgarh is Ravi, Kharif and Zaid .

KHARIF –kharif session started from month of jun- july. Almost 80% of the population in the
state is engaged in agriculture and 43% of the entire land is under cultivation of paddy and
some region sugarcane, maize coarse grains are cultivated.

RABI - Major Rabi crops growing are Wheat, Groundnut, Pulses, and Oil seeds from the of
October to March.

Zaid- In this crops are mainly grown for fodder for live stock.

Month - From March to June.Crop - Fodder crops.

ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN ECONOMY--- Chhattisgarh's nominal gross state domestic

product (GSDP) is estimated at ₹3.26 lakh crore in 2018–19, the 17th largest state economy
in India. The economy of Chhattisgarh recorded a growth rate of 6.7% in 2017–18.
Chhattisgarh's success factors in achieving high growth rate are growth in agriculture and
industrial production. Agriculture is counted as the chief economic occupation of the state.
Chhattisgarh is an agricultural state of India. It is also called as "Rice bowl of India". About
80% of the population of the state is rural and the main livelihood of the villagers is
agriculture and agriculture-based small industry Agricultural sector is very essential for any
economy. It provides the food security to the nation. There is a great need to focus on the
economic well-beings of farmers, because it influences the production and productivity of
agriculture.

The Statement of the Problem--- Agriculture is the main occupation of the

majority of population in Bilaspur district and kota block . The farmers of the district are
dependent on agriculture for earning their livelihood. The development of agriculture
depends on various aspects such as type of soil, irrigation, climatic conditions, and attitudes
of farmers to modern agriculture technique and availability of KCC loan. HYV seeds,
fertilizer, pesticides and insecticides, use of mechanical tools and implements, as well as
proper scientific rotation of crops by which production be enhanced. The impact of these
aspects of agriculture varies in different areas of the district. There are distinct variations in
the magnitude of these concepts both over space and time. To have real understanding of the
nature of agricultural development, scientific investigation and evaluation of different aspects
of development become highly necessary.

Review of literature
Mehari et al (2008) his studied Onpaper’’Modelling soil moisture and assessing
its impact on water sharing and crop yield for the WadiLaba spate irrigation
system’’ Spate irrigation is a type of irrigation system whereby floodwater
travelling through normally dry wadis is conveyed to irrigable fields. Spate
irrigation floodwater is characterized by discrete events which flow for only a
few hours, displaying appreciable discharge sandrecession flows which last for
only one to a few days (Mehari et al., 2008).

Pereira (1987) He has concluded that‘’ Modernization of irrigation systems ‘’

the traditional concept of an irrigation project has been changing. From just a
physical structure for the storage, conveyance and distribution of water, it is
now being regarded as a more complex system, including farmers' participation.
This implies an improved man- argument in all phases, from reservoir operation
to farm management, and therefore the change from simple "operation and
maintenance" to "operation, maintenance and management.

Barrett, et al, (2003), Studied that ‘’A Century–Long Perspective on

Agricultural Development ‘’ to be find out in many countries agriculture is a
sector of economy which keeps a greater distance than the remaining sectors
from modern solutions in the areas of: production technology and organisation,
implementation of modern technological and IT solutions as well as
management methods, but also with regard to the utilisation of the institutional
setting.

Schulz (1964), his studied that ’’ Transforming Traditional Agriculture’’ to

explore that agriculture Constant creation and implementation of new
technologies is used as a standard reference in differentiating modern
agriculture from traditional agriculture.

Kim et al ,(2003), his studied on ‘’Technological change and risk

management’’ concluded that Agriculture in economically developed countries
has changed significantly thanks to broadly understood progress decreased
employment levels in agriculture and lessened the burdensomeness of work as
well as has brought a better quality of products and has decreased the
environmental nuisance of agriculture. The increase in the effectiveness of
management in agriculture, technological progress contributes to the reduction
in the level of risk of management.

Gardner ,(2002), His studied that Modernisation of production methodology in

agriculture through implementation of new technological solutions follows from
the presence of the so-called “technology treadmill.’’

Z. Koloszko- Chomentowska, (2013), the value of realized investments and the

structure of their financing indicate that farmers renewed investment activities
despite the fact that farms were only characterized by the capability of expanded
reproduction in 2012.

(Yang, 2013), On his studied ‘’Modernization of Agriculture and Long-term

Growth’’his found the traditional agriculture sector only uses raw labor input,
whereas modern agriculture production utilizes capital. Productivity
improvement in the modern sectors causes the relative price of traditional
agriculture to rise and eventually trigger the transition to adopt modern
technology. During the process of technology adoption, workers who leave the
traditional sector temporally demand capital goods to adopt modern technology.

Samir, (2010), his studied on ‘’Kishan Credit Card - A Study’’ concluded that
the banks must make easy the process of obtaining loan under KCC schemes so
that the role of brokers can be minimized and the efficient allocation of money
can be done for the maximum benefit of the farmers. Arrangements for verified
database of farmers will help banks in providing loan to the real needy ones.

Anjani Kumar, et al (2007) did a study on “Performance of rural credit and

factors affecting the choice of credit sources”. They feel the credit under this
scheme is sanctioned on proportion to the size of owned land but there is some
flexibility for the fanners cultivating leased-in land, in addition to their owned
holding. The proportionately higher use of Kisan Credit Cards indicates that if
procedures are made simple, the access to institutional credit can be enhanced.
(Anjani, Singh, & Prabhat, 2007)

Jamunarani (2008), his studied on “Working of Kisan Credit Card scheme with
reference to PACBs in Myiladuthurai” found that the Kisan Credit Card scheme
has come to stay as a boon to farmers in rural areas, and it is being
operationalized successfully in our country. It has, by and large, helped the
farmers and banks, particularly the co-operative banks which are the traditional
lenders towards crop loan.

BiswajitMondal (2007) his studied on “Kisan Credit Card scheme-A key to

improve farmer’s accessibility to bank credit” stated that the instrument of
Kisan Credit Card is one of the key products developed to improve the farmer’s
accessibility to bank credit, simplify credit delivery mechanism and provide
more flexibility in the use of credit. During 2001-02, Personal Accident
Insurance Scheme (PAIS) was introduced as an add on benefit and all the Kisan
Credit Card holders could be insured for Rs. 50,000 at a nominal premium of
Rs. 15/- per annum as agreed to, by general insurance public sector association.
 (Bhalla & Tyagi, 1989),his studied that ‘’ Patterns in Indian Agricultural
Development’’ to be find out agricultural development is one of the most talked
about issues as a major portion of our population is still engaged with the
agricultural industry. The widespread modernization of agriculture,
development of many modern techniques and improvement in farm productivity
all are the basic characteristics of agricultural development .

(Mellor, 1966).his studied on ‘’The Economics of Agricultural Development’’

he explore that the prime economic objective of agricultural development is to
contribute to increased per capita incomes. Moreover, agricultural development
promotes the proper conditions for farming so that planting, harvesting and
processing of crops can be done effectively, which ultimately can reduce
poverty and save lives Undoubtedly, such an Development Among the Tribal
and Minority Societies approach has brought change in today’s agricultural
practices

IMS & OBJECTIVE

 To know about which types of seeds used by farmer.
 To assess the level of modernization in agriculture.
 To assess the availability and assess of KCC (Kishan Credit Card).

Research methodology
The study will be based on cross sectional community specific.

Select of area purposive

Sampling purposive.

Tool & technique

Source of data – the study will collect from various households.

Primary data - Primary data is a data, which is collected by the research. The
kind of new, original information. Primary data are first hand information from
a person who participated in an events. Example – Interview, Observation.

Interview schedule- A set of question which are asked by an interviewer and

filled in on the spot in a face to face interaction with another persons.

Observation - Observation on the basis of non- participation will be used of

the day to day activities.

Case study - The case study is not a specific method of social research. Case
study is a research strategy purposes on an individual organization, an
institution, event etc.

Secondary data - A secondary source is used by a person usually not

present at the event and relying on primary source document for information
.Example- Internet, books, magazines etc.

Study limitation – The study was carried out of 10 days which

minimized the intensiveness of the data.

Reference
Anjani Kumar et al,(2007).Performance of rural credit and factors affecting the
choice of credit sources, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 62,
No.3pp. 297-313.

Jamunarani,(2008). Working of Kisan Credit Card scheme with reference to

PACBs in Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu Journal of Cooperation, Vol. 8, No.3, pp.
18-24

BiswajitMondal,(2007). Kisan Credit Card scheme-A key to improve farmers’

accessibility to bank credit, Kisan World, Vol.34, No.6, pp. 42-43.
Tyagi, D.S. et al (1989). Patterns in Indian Agricultural Development, A
District Level Study. Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, New
Delhi.

Schultz, T.W. (1964). Transforming Traditional Agriculture. Yale University

Press, New Haven.

Barrett, C.B.et al,(2010). A Century–Long Perspective on Agricultural

Development. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 92 (2), pp. 447 –
468

Kim, K. Chavas,(2003).Technological change and risk management: an

application to the economics of corn production. Agricultural Economics, No.
29, pp. 125 – 142

Samir, S.(2010). Kishan Credit Card - A Study, Department of Economic

Analysis and Research, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.
Occasional Paper – 52

Yang et al,(2013).Modernization of Agriculture and Long-term Growth. Journal

of Monetary Economics 60(3), 367382

Mehari, A. et al,(2008). Modeling soil moisture and assessing its impact on

water sharing and crop yield for the WadiLaba spate irrigation system, Eritrea.
Irrigation and Drainage 57(1): 1–16.

Pereira L.S.(1987). Modernization of irrigation system. Department of

Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Technical University of
Lisbon, Pp 63-77

Gardner, B.L, (2002). American Agriculture in the Twentieth Century: How it

flourished and what it Cost. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

.Koloszko-Chomentowska, Z.(2013). Przyrodnicze i organizacyjno-

ekonomiczneuwarunkowaniarozwojurodzinnychgospodarstwrolnych w
województwiepodlaskim // Monografie i RozprawyNaukowe. No. 41.IUNG–
PIB, Puławy.
reference
Yang. (2013). Modernisation of Agriculture and Long-term Growth. Journal of Monetary Economics
60(3),367382 .

Bhalla, G. S., & Tyagi, D. S. (1989). Pattern In Indian Agricultural Development. A District Level Study .

Yang. (2013). Modernisation of Agriculture and Long-term Growth. Journal of Monetary Economics
60(3),367382 .

Mellor, J.W. (1966). The Economics of Agricultural Development. Cornell

University Press, Ithaca.