Media and Information Literacy Reviewer
Communication - the method wherein
language, symbols, or manners are used to
share information or to state opinions or
thoughts.
Non-verbal Communication (signs, symbols,
colors, gestures, body language, facial
expressions)
Verbal Communication (Oral, written)
Media- communication tools that give
information.
Information- knowledge or data gathered
through experiences or research.
Technology Literacy- refers to the ability of
knowing how to use technology, its tools or
networks to find, create, evaluate, or use
information.
Information Literacy - refers to the ability to
know when information is required. This also
pertains to the ability to find, analyze, evaluate,
communicate and use information effectively in
different formats.
Media Literacy - refers to reading, analyzing,
evaluating and producing communication in
different media forms
Prehistoric Period
-Prehistoric technology refers to the technology
that exists before recorded history.
-Anything that predates the first written
accounts of history is prehistoric, including
earlier technologies
Industrial Period
- includes economic and social organization
changes.
- This period of history is known by the
concentration of industry in huge businesses
and for the replacement of hand tools with
machines that are driven by power
Electronic Age
- refers to a period wherein people can easily –
and instantaneously – communicate with
anyone anywhere.
- It was ushered in by the invention of the
telegraph in 1844.
- The electronic media have kept people
informed about events across the globe without
leaving the comfort of their own homes.
Information Age
-Information age, also known as the Digital Age,
Computer Age, or the New Media Age, refers to
a period of history wherein it is described as an
economy based on the computerization of
information improved from the Industrial
Revolution brought through industrialization.
Traditional Media- are those forms in the
earliest periods, specific characteristics that
they have and functionalities that they offer
New Media- The experience here is more
interactive. The audiences are more involved
and are able to send feedback simultaneously
and new media integrates all those aspects of
the traditional media.
Print Media- refers to materials that are printed
Broadcast Media- through radio or television
New Media- refers to the content that is
accessed on Internet that is easily accessed on
any digital device.
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Indigenous Media- Also known as community
media; this refers to any form of media utilizing
indigenous knowledge that is made and
managed by, for, and about the community
Mass Media - reaches a large audience through
written, spoken, or broadcast communication.
Technical Codes- refers to methods of how an
equipment or device is used to tell the story.
This includes how cameras work in a film, its
framing, lighting, etc.
Symbolic codes- demonstrates or shows what
lies below what the audience see. For instance,
an actor or a character’s actions depicts or
describes how or what that character feels or
thinks.
Written Codes -use of language style and
textual layout (headlines, captions, speech
bubbles, language style, etc.)
Copyright- a type of intellectual property
wherein the author has the absolute right of an
original work for a specific period of time;
afterwards, the creation is now considered
public domain.
Fair Use - refers to the author’s sole right and
the author’s limitation – which was given by
copyright law – to an original work.
Plagiarism- Refers to taking credits for or
stealing another person’s idea or work. This
may also refer to using another’s intellectual
creation without properly crediting the original
creator, or taking an existing idea from existing
source and presenting it as a new or an original
idea.
Netiquette- ethical guidelines in
communication or using the Internet.
Digital Divide- the gap between users when it
comes to access of information and
communication technology
PIU- too much use of Internet to the point that
affects daily life.
Cyberbullying- a type of bullying done online.
This includes sending threats, sexually harassing
others, posting rumors, sharing private
information, or negative comments or posts
against a person.
Virtual Self- digital identity or assumed identity
in the virtual world.
Citizen Journalism- Can also be known as
“public journalism”, “street journalism”,
“democratic journalism”, “participatory
journalism”, or “guerilla journalism”. This refers
to people or citizens that gather and share news
or information
Phishing- obtaining private information – like
username and passwords, sometimes money
through credit card account numbers – by
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posing as a trustworthy entity (usually a
website) often for malicious purposes.
Human Trafficking- use of threats or tricking
people into doing some type of labor or forcing
or commercial sex act.
Haptics Technology- A type of technology
wherein the user’s sense of touch is used to feel
force, vibrations, or motions for several
purposes
Context Awareness- gathers information from
the user and predicting or anticipating the
user’s needs from those choices or preferences
Voice and Tone Recognition- widely used by
some technologies (e.g. commanding a smart
phone to do a certain task, confirm a person’s
identity, etc.)
Eye Tracking Technology- analyzes the
movements or positions of a person’s eyes
through computer applications.
Internet glasses- Internet glasses refer to
technology currently being developed that
displays visuals directly on the eyes that doesn’t
block one’s line of sight. Internet glasses can be
utilized in eyeglasses and can be used for e-
Gaming, military defense, or can even replace
Smartphones. Internet glasses has the following
potential application
People in Media- these are media practitioners
or experts that have professional journalism
training who gather information through direct
or actual experience of events.
People As Media- these are media users who
are make use media sources and messages to
provide information to people with limited
access to media and information or lower-end
users.
Lower-end Users- media users who only
receives and consumes information for personal
purpose.
Text- is a simple and flexible format of
presenting information or conveying ideas
whether handwritten, printed or displayed on-
screen.
Formal text-based materials are created and
distributed by established institutions (such as
publishing companies, news agencies, etc.) and
go through a rigorous process of editing or
evaluation and are usually governed by
censorship of the state.
Informal text-based materials, on the other
hand, come from personal opinions or views on
different issues, processes, etc.
Typeface (also called font, font type, or type)
refers to the representation or style of a text in
the digital format. A typeface is usually
comprised of alphabets, numbers, punctuation
marks, symbols and other special characters.
When fonts are installed in the computer, they
usually come in file formats such as True Type
Font (.ttf), Open Type Font (.otf), etc.
Types of Typefaces
SERIF
For formality and readability in large amount of
texts. Times New Roman, Garamond,
Baskerville.
SANS SERIF
Clean and minimalist look to the text. Arial,
Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri
SLAB SERIF
For solid and heavy look on text. Rockwell, Playbill,
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Script
Imitates handwriting and calligraphy. Edwardian, Vladimir,
Kuntsler,
Decorative
Caters a wide variety of emotion or theme. Chiller,
Jokerman, Curlz MT,
Design Principles And Elements In Designing
Text Elements
1. Emphasis - refers to the importance or value
given to a part of the text-based content.
2. Appropriateness - refers to how fitting or
suitable the text is used for a specific audience,
purpose or event.
3. Proximity - refers to how near or how far are
the text elements from each other.
4. Alignment - refers to how the text is
positioned in the page. This can be left, right,
center or justified.
5. Organization - refers to a conscious effort to
organize the different text elements in a page.
6. Repetition- concerns consistency of elements
and the unity of the entire design.
7. Contrast- creates visual interest to text
elements.
Visual design elements – refers to basic
components in constructing a visual image.
a. Line – refers to an outline that sometimes
create a shape.
b. Shape – refers to a form of an object that
stands out. Shape may also be organic.
c. Value – refers to the lightness or darkness in
a design.
d. Texture – the way a platform feels or
supposed to feel.
e. Color – determined by its hue (name of
color), intensity (purity of the hue), and value
(lightness or darkness of hue).
f. Form – refers to the volume or thickness of an
object.
Visual Design Principles
a. Consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle,
and colors is necessary, especially in slide
presentations or documents that are more than
one page.
b. Center of interest – the area in a composition
that is more valuable or important than the
other parts of the composition; usually this can
be noticed first and attracts attention.
c. Balance – refers to the feeling of symmetry
between form, value, color, shapes, etc. In a
composition, textures, colors, shapes, etc. is
used in creating equilibrium in a composition.
d. Harmony – is the same as unity; harmony
combines similar units within a composition.
e. Contrast – refers to the change or the
difference between objects (e.g. alterations in
color, shapes, etc.) that is mostly used to create
a subject of emphasis.
f. Directional Movement – refers to the visual
flow of the objects in the composition. It refers
to how objects are placed and positioned.
g. Rhythm – a consistent movement within the
elements. Like in dancing, the movement of
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objects will seem to be in sync or like the beat
of music.
h. Perspective – refers to objects made in a
two-dimensional area to seem realistic.
AUDIO -refers to a sound made or created by
various platforms.
Audio Information and Media refers to
instruments, applications, programs, etc. that
teachers and/or students use to convey new
information to help learn the uses, assessment,
and production of sound.
TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF AUDIO
INFORMATION
1. Radio broadcast - live or recorded audio sent
through radio waves to reach a wide audience.
2. Music – refers to sounds that are made
vocally, sometimes combined with instrumental
sounds, to create harmony that is performed or
composed to express thoughts, feelings, or
emotion, for artistic, ceremonial,
entertainment, or religious purposes.
3. Sound recording - recording of an interview,
meeting, or any sound from the environment.
4. Sound clips/effects – refers to sounds that is
synthetically produced to make an effect in a
composition or presentation.
5. Audio Podcast – a recording of a story or a
radio program, typically released or can be
downloaded in series or episodes.
ELEMENTS OF SOUND DESIGN– the objects or
things that we have to work with
1. Dialogue - speech, conversation, voice-over.
2. Waterfall – refers to a state where the
second audio starts with full volume just as the
first audio fades out. This is commonly used in
radio programs for song or voice transition.
3. Sound Effects - any sound other than music
or dialogue.
4. Music - refers to sounds that are made
vocally, sometimes combined with instrumental
sounds, to create harmony that is performed or
composed to express thoughts, feelings, or
emotion, for artistic, ceremonial,
entertainment, or religious purposes.
5. Silence - absence of audio or sound.
MOTION MEDIA refers to a media form with
moving graphics or texts.
Motion media can be produced formally and
informally. Informally produced motion media
are created by individuals often for personal
use. Formally produced motion media are
created by professionals who follow industry
standards in creating, editing and producing
motion media. Formal production of animations
involves the following steps:
Motion Media Formats, Types and Sources
1. Animations - animated GIFs(Graphic
Interchange Format), Flash, Shockwave,
Dynamic HTML
2. Video formats/Video Codecs - motion media
use large resources. Codecs compresses and
decompresses video files. Examples are H.26N
series, Quicktime, DivX, MPG, MP4
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3. According to purpose: education,
entertainment, advertising
4. According to source: personal, social media,
media companies
5. According to audience: private or public;
directed or general
Interactive Media refers to a communication
technique wherein the program depends on the
user’s input to display the output. Common
examples of Interactive Media are video games
and websites.
Interactivity Refers to the communication
between humans and computer programs or
software.
DIFFERENT PLATFORMS OF INTERACTIVE
MEDIA
players to interact or play with a large group of
players, usually the player creates a character
and typically based in a virtual world.
6. Interactive websites – refers to websites that
allows people to interact such as pools, surveys,
or exams and exercises for online training.
7. Virtual reality and immersive environments
– refers to simulation applications that the user
can interact with. Games that is played on the
VRBox is an example of this.
8. Social media - websites or online services
where users (actual people) are the creators
and consumers of the content, and where social
interactions (commenting, liking, posting,
talking) are the main features of content.
Examples are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,
Snapchat, Vine, etc. Relate this topic to their
output in the previous activity.

1. Mobile apps – refers to software

applications dedicated for small wireless
devices such as smartphones or tables

2. 3D TV – refers to a type of television that

displays a three-dimensional effect, makes it
more realistic for viewers for the objects seen
has height, width, and depth.

3. Multi-player video games – a type of video

game that enables two or more users to play
with one another or against each other.

4. Role-playing games (RPG) – a type of game

wherein the user plays as a fictional character
to follow a story, to make decisions and to be
responsible for that fictional character
throughout the whole narration.

5. Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing

Game (MMORPG) –a type of game that lets
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