AN LED HOTSPOT ─ LIGHT FIDELITY

ABSTRACT: (Wireless- Fidelity), LED (Light

Emitting Diode), VLC (Visible Light
The speed of the internet is now a days a Communication), Wireless
very big issue for everyone. Internet is very technology, Photo Detector.
essential for business persons, institutions
and organizations to get the correct and INTRODUCTION:
useful information at the right time and apt
place. Li-Fi technology was proposed by Transferring the data to various
Harald Hass who was a German Physicist places is one of the important activity in day
and the full form for Li-Fi is LIGHT to-day life. As we know the current
FIDELITY. It supplies the data transmission networking systems what we use now a
days are very slow which connect us to the
through illumination by sending those data
internet when numerous devices are
in an LED light bulb. It is faster which the connected. The number of devices which
human eyes cannot see the transmission of access the internet are getting increased so
data and it varies in its intensity. We cannot that the fixed bandwidth which is available
say that Li-Fi is a complete replacement of makes it more difficult to experience the
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), but the two faster rate of data transfer and to connect a
technologies can be used to create a green, secured network.
more efficient and future assured accessing We can obtain a solution for the above by
network. Li-Fi uses a visible light to using Li-Fi and it is also named as “LIGHT
transmit the data in the place of radio waves BASED WI-FI”.
at the speed of terabits per second. It is
nearly 100 times more than the speed of Wi-
Fi. Since Li-Fi is a wireless technology it is
a suitable for data coverage for high density
in a limited area to relieve the radio
interloping issues. Therefore in future we
can have the light as a transmitting medium
to our smartphones, pc and laptops.
KEYWORDS:
Li-Fi (Light- Fidelity), Wi-Fi

Fig.1 Working of Li-Fi
In Li-Fi we have transceiver fitted LED
lamps through which we can transmit tha
data and also receive information in
addition it is also used to light a room. The
difference from Wi-Fi modem is that it uses
the technology of electromagnetic spectrum
which is not greatly utilized so far from the
infrared through the visible light and also
the ultraviolet spectrum which provide a
various range of wavelengths and
frequencies.
Fig.2 Li-Fi Bulb
We can encode the data which is sent in the
light by varying its rate which gives a strings
of 0’s and 1’s by flickering the LED on and
off. The intensity of the LED is modulated
so it cannot be captured by human eyes
hence the output remains constant. For
transferring the data the Li-Fi uses the
visible light instead of using the radio
waves. The parallel data transmission is also
possible by using the arrays of LED’s where
each LED’s transmits a different data
stream. It is done by using mixtures of red,
green and blue LED’s for altering the
frequency of light in which each frequency
encodes a different data channel and it is
capable of transmitting the data about 100-
500 Mb/s.
The data which comes through the visible
spectrum which could help in relieving the
concerns than which comes from
electromagnetic waves which could
adversely affect the health issues. The
security risks are very low in this when we
can’t see the light, we can’t access the data
thus it is used in high security military
camps.
WORKING OF LI-FI:
The new form of high brightness light
emitting diodes are used in the formation of
Li-Fi technology. The logic is as follows,
when LED is ON, digit 1 is transmitted and
when it is in OFF state digit 0 is transmitted.
Because of the usage of high brightness
LED’s we can switch ON & OFF very
quickly which gives the way for larger
transmission of data through light.
There is an LED, light sensor in one end
and a light emitter on the other end. When
LED is ON the binary 1 is registered by
photo detector and a binary 0 when it is in
OFF state. For building a message, the LED
is flashed numerous times or by the use of
an array LED’s to obtain the rate of data in
the tangle of hundreds of megabits/sec.

Fig. 3. Block diagram of Li-Fi system
To convert the voltage level between
transmitter and receiver, the voltage
regulator and level shift circuits are used on
both the sides. Since its modulation is not
visible to human eyes it causes the light
source appeared to be continuous. The
method to transmit information wirelessly
using rapid pulses of light is technically
referred as Visible Light Communication
(VLC).
Fig.4 Environment with Li-Fi Technology
There are many other sophisticated
techniques which can be used to intensively
increase the VLC data rate. One group are
focusing on parallel data transmission in
which each LED transmits different streams
of data and other group uses the mixture of
red, blue and green LED’s to alter the light
frequency by encoding different channel.
APPLICATIONS OF LI-FI:
In numerous application we can
implement this technology from accessing
the public internet access to street lamps that
can communicate through their head lights.
It can be used in areas where the technology
of Wi-Fi lacks in the fields like medical
technology, power plants and many other
areas. Some of the applications in which Li-
Fi technology can be used.
 MEDICAL FIELD:
In operation theatres the Wi-Fi is
not allowed due to its radiation effect and
the usage of Wi-Fi in hospitals affects the pc
and mobile as it blocks the signals for
monitoring equipment’s. So, it is dangerous
and affects the patients’ health. To
overcome this Li-Fi can be used for
accessing the internet and to control the
medical equipment’s.
 EDUCATION SYSTEM:
Li-Fi can provide the fastest
internet access. So in schools, colleges and
at companies instead of Wi-Fi we can
replace it by using Li-Fi for accessing
internet faster.
 UNDERWATER APPLICATIONS:
Underwater ROVs (Remotely
Operated Vehicles) can operate through
large cables which supplies power and
allows to receive signals from the pilots
above. The tether which is used in ROV’s is
not long enough to explore large areas. If
their cables can be replaced with light – say
from a high powered lamp then it can
explore much freer than before even
headlamps can be used to communicate with
each other, data processing is sent
unconventionally and can send their findings
periodically back to the surface. The usage
of Li-Fi can be used even in underwater
areas where Wi-Fi fails completely, thereby
it enhances the open endless opportunities
for military operations.
 CHEAPER INTERNET IN
AIRCRAFT:
The passengers who travel in
aircrafts get low speed internet access at a
very high rate. The Wi-Fi also cannot be
used because it may interfere with the
navigational systems. So to overcome in
aircraft’s Li-Fi can be used where it easily
provides the high internet access through
light source which is present inide the
airplane.
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT:
Li-Fi can be used in times of disaster
areas such as hurricanes and earthquakes.
Many average people doesn’t know the
protocols during disaster times. Tunnels,
subway stations for most emergency
communications they pose no barrier for Li-
Fi. Even the normal street lamps provide
high speed web access to every street corner.
ADVANTAGES OF LI-FI:
In Li-Fi technology the data transmission
is based on the light source. With the help of
all kinds of light we can send the data, no
matter what the portion of the range they
belong. . That is, the light can belong to the
undistinguishable, ultraviolet or the visible
part of the spectrum. Also, the speed of the
message is more than enough for
downloading movies, games, music and all
in very a smaller amount of time.
 Capacity:-The bandwidth of light is
1000 times broader than the
bandwidth of radio waves. As the
equipment’s are already existing and
the light foundations are already
installed so, it has got better volume.
 Efficiency:-LED light chomps less
energy and are highly effective.
 Availability:-As light sources are
present everywhere so obtainability
is not an issue. There are billions of
light bulbs globally, they just need to
be substituted with LEDs for proper
diffusion of data.
 Security:-As light waves cannot
enter through walls so, they cannot
be captured or misused. They
provide highly secure access.
CHALLENGES OF LI-FI:
 Apart from many benefits over Wi-
Fi technology, it is facing few
encounters which is need to be
overcome.
 For the data transmission it requires
line of sight.
 We lose access to the internet, if the
light source faults. For internet
access we become in need of of light
source.
 We have to deal with altering
weather conditions, if the device is
set up outdoors.
  As visible light can’t pierce through
brick walls so, it can be easily
choked by somebody simply walking
in front of LED source.
 A major challenge is how the
acceptance device will transmit the
data back to spreader.
FUTURE ADVANCEMENT:
 A association called Li-Fi
Consortium‘ was formed in
October2011 by a group of
corporations and industry groups to
stimulate high-speed optical
wireless systems and overcome the
restricted amount of radio based
wireless spectrum. According to the
Li-Fi Confederation, it is possible to
attain more than 10 Gbps.
 Scholars at the University of
Strathclyde in Scotland have begun
the task of bringing high speed,
abundant, Li-Fi technology to
market.
 Further improvements are possible
like using an array of LEDs for
analogous data transmission or using
mixture of red, green and blue LEDs
to alter the light’s regularity with
each frequency encrypting a
different data channels. Such
advancements promise a speculative
speed of 10 Gbps.
CONCLUSION:
Currently, the Li-Fi idea is attracting a
great deal of interest, because it provides a
trustworthy and efficient substitute to
wireless devices which use radio waves.
The Li-Fi concept is drawing a great deal of
interest, because it provides a reliable and
efficient alternative to wireless devices
which use radio waves. As an increasing
number of populace and their many
techniques access wireless internet, the
airwaves are becoming gradually blocked,
making it more and harder to get a reliable,
high-speed signal. Researchers are
developing micron LED which are able to
glimmer on & off around 1000 times
quicker than larger LED. It offers data
transfer which would take up less space
resulting in adding more LED‟S to further
boost the channel of communication. Also
1000 micron sized LED can fit into area
essential by 1mm large single LED.
A sq. mm sized array of micron sized
LED‟s could therefore communicate
1000*1000 (a million) times as much data as
a single 1mm LED. Its discover that the
future for Li-Fi is bright. Li-Fi consortium
believes it is possible to achieve more than
10 gbps, hypothetically letting a high
description film to be downloaded in 30 sec.
By using this technology we can progress
towards a greener, safer and domestic future.
It is an advanced methodology that will
make our lives more technology focused in
the near future.
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