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The study suggests that the Selfie tendency is quite prevent in Indian youth and some
variables like narcissism, hyperactivity are positively related with Selfie tendency,
whereas self image has negative correlation with Selfie.
Within the popular press, narcissism and In a study researchers examined these
self-esteem and hyperactivity have different facets of narcissism to see which
frequently been proposed as important ones were most correlated with selfie-
considerations in the rise of a selfie culture posting. Participants' total narcissism
(e.g., Martino, 2014; Walker, 2013). scores, and measures of all of the
narcissism subscales vanity(concern about
III. PERSONALITY FACTORS: appearance and a tendency to admire your
THE TRINITY own physical appearance), leadership
(believing that you should have authority
over other people, and being willing to
exploit others if necessary), admiration
demand (exhibitionism, feeling entitled to
Self Image
special status or privileges, and feeling
Narcissism
superior to others) except for Self-
Sufficiency (thinking you can do things on
your own and don’t need other people)
Hyperactivity
and Impulsivity were positively correlated with selfie-
posting for men. For women, a different
picture emerged: Only the Admiration
Demand subscale predicted selfie-posting.
(Gwendolyn Seidman,2015).
Personality Factors- The
Trinity Ohio State University study, men who
posted more photos of themselves online
scored higher in measures of narcissism
i. NARCISSISM and psychopathy. The researchers found
that posting more photos was correlated
Individuals with narcissistic tendencies with both narcissism and psychopathy.
may be more apt than others to post selfies Editing photos, however, was only
on social media. Narcissism is associated with narcissism, and not
characterized, in part, by a grandiose self- psychopathy. Narcissism measures inflated
presentation that is motivated by the need self-image (often motivated by underlying
to regulate self-esteem (Morf & insecurity).
Rhodewalt, 2001).Narcissism is fairly
harmless, described as, “extreme Though Social media narcissistic person
selfishness, with a grandiose view of one’s gets outlet to present themselves and to get
own talents and a craving for admiration, feedback from others .Narcissism is related
as characterizing a personality type.” From spending good amount of time on editing
photos of themselves and selection of or may enhance self-esteem; as such
photograph which are physically attractive photos typically emphasize one’s ideal,
((Kapidzic, 2013). Scoring high on controlled image.
narcissism tend to post a higher quantity
(Bergman et al., 2011) and more revealing The habit of constantly taking pictures of
(DeWall, Buffardi, Bonser, & Campbell, yourself and posting them online could be
2011) photos of themselves. a sign of low self-esteem and lack of
confidence, a psychologist said.
Interestingly, Buffardi and Campbell
(2008) reported that narcissism was not Growing up in the ‘i-generation’, many
related to posting self-promoting or adolescents and young adults have fallen
provocative pictures in general into the pattern of taking dozens of selfies
every day and posting them on social
Narcissism related to posting profile media sites such as Facebook and
picture which is self-promoting consistent Instagram with the expectation of
with this line of research, similar receiving praising comments and a high
association has been seen posts of selfies number of likes.
which are inherently self-focused.
“More control equals more confidence and
ii. SELF IMAGE / SELF higher [self-] esteem. This sense of control
ESTEEM can be seen in pictures where the person
smiles more, and then posts the best
SELF ESTEEM self-esteem is version of themselves to the social
conceptualized as one’s positive and platform.
negative evaluations of himself or herself
and, relatedly, one’s approval or According to new research from personal
disapproval of the self (Coopersmith, care brand Dove, one in four girls in the
1967; Rosenberg, 1965). It is believed that UK have deleted a photo if it did not get
social media could enhance self-esteem, as enough likes and eight out of 10 women
individuals self-select how they present encounter negativity on social media that
themselves and because they may receive impacts their self-esteem.
social support or positive social feedback
which they want. On the other hand, social he approval, recognition and appreciation
media may foster low self-esteem through that people get from posting pictures and
the inherent opportunity to compare getting ‘likes’ on their selfies can feed into
oneself to others and the possibility that a person being more self-absorbed. Some
one may receive negative, or no, social tend to derive their self-esteem from the
feedback. Specific to posting pictures on recognition and validation they get from
social media, Tazghini and Siedlecki their online network.
(2013) report that individual with lower
self-esteem are more likely to remove iii. Hyperactivity and
unflattering pictures of them and are less Impulsivity
likely to report sharing photos on
Facebook as a positive feature than those Hyperactivity refers to excessive motor
with higher self-esteem. activity, may manifest as inner feelings of
extreme restlessness and wearing others
Current research illustrates that the link out with their activity.
between self-esteem and social media
behavior is unclear. However, posting Impulsivity: Individuals with impulsive
selfies may be reflective of low self-esteem tendencies can be reckless and appear
impatient, and are often disinherited in Measures
social situations. They may find it difficult
to wait their turn, intruding on or Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
interrupting others’ activities or blurting (RSES;Rosenberg, 1965).
out answers to a question before it has
been completed. The RSES is a widely used 10-item scale
assessing global self-esteem(e.g.,
Individual who often interrupt and intrude “Overall, I am satisfied with myself”).
face trouble waiting to upload one’s selfie.
Who takes selfie excessively with high Responses are made on a 4-point scale
level of anxiety and restlessness .Research from strongly disagree to strongly agree.
suggest that person with high level of
hyperactivity and impulsivity are more A 10-item scale that measures global self-
incline towards taking selfie. worth by measuring both positive and
negative feelings about the self. The scale
IV. Current study and is believed to be uni-dimensional. All
hypothesis items are answered using a 5-point Likert
scale format ranging from strongly agree
The purpose of the present study is to offer to strongly disagree. The items of the scale
initial empirical examination of personality were blended in terms of selfie .
factors which are more inclined towards
taking selfie. In this study, an effort is Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI;
made to explore how the tendency of Raskin& Terry, 1988).
taking selfies is related to other
personality factors. . It was hypothesized The NPI is a 40-item forced choice
that the number of selfies posted, the inventory that assesses non pathological
proportion of total posts that were narcissism (Miller & Campbell, 2012
selfies, and the frequency of selfie taken
would be positively correlated with Assessing achievement, affiliation, and
dimensions of narcissism, hyperactivity power motives all at once: The Multi-
and impulsivity . It will be negatively Motive Grid (MMG)( H.-D. Schmalt, K.
correlated with self-image. Sokolowski& T. Langens)
Self
Selfie Affi Hyperactive Image Perfection Ob
Selfie 1
Affi 0.13 1 Hoarding
Sta
In the table 5, label the standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Co
regression coefficients as "Beta" while the
unstandardized coefficients are labeled Model B Std. Error
"B".The beta coefficients can be negative
1 (Constant) 4.125 2.853
or positive, and have a t-value and
significance of that t-value associated with Nar .744 .193
it. The “beta”(Standardized coefficients)
2 (Constant) .517 3.166
and “B” ( Unstandardized coefficient )
have negative value for self-image which Nar .608 .195
means the independent variable (self-
Hyperactive .416 .183
image ) and dependent variable (selfie
tendency) are negatively correlated and 3 (Constant) 12.633 5.498
other variables like hyperactivity and
Nar .737 .190
narcissism are positively associated . The
value of t has been calculated where value Hyperactive .578 .184
of t obtained falls in the region of S_I -.987 .376
rejection. It is so different from the value
stated in null hypothesis that we conclude
that it have low probability of occurring by
chance if null hypothesis is true. Thus, In the table 6 Model Summary is shown
they rejected null hypothesis. The research where Model 1 indicating narcissism with
conclusion is that narcissism, hyperactivity 22% significance, Model 2 indicating
and self-image personality factors have narcissism and hyperactivity with 28.2%
significant effect on Selfie tendency. significance, Model3 indicating
narcissism, hyperactivity and self-image
with 36.2% significance .In all of these 3
models the results are significant at 0.00
TABLE 5-Coefficients a
level, model 3 indicating the best results as
it is combining 3 variable together .
TABLE 6-Model Summary generational differences in posts of selfies
could not be adequately explored.
Std. Error of the the
Moreover, roles of gender,
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square race/ethnicity,
Estimate and culture in social media
behavior, including the display of selfies,
1 .486a .236 .220 5.73846
should be considered in more diverse
2 .558b .312 .282 samples.5.50559
3 .633c .401 .362 5.19030