Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 15

Saubhagya Scheme: Features, Benefits

and Challenges
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 September 2017 launched the Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har
Ghar Yojana, which is alternatively known as -“Saubhagya”. The mandate of the scheme is to
achieve universal household electrification in the country by the end of 2018. The scheme will
benefit over 3 crore households across the length and breadth of the country.

It is against this backdrop, it is pertinent to know the key features of the Saubhagya Scheme and its
benefits to the society and the challenges in its implementation.

Key features of the Saubhagya Scheme are -

Objective: The objective of the ‘Saubhagya’ is to provide energy access to all by last mile
connectivity and electricity connections to all remaining un-electrified households in rural as well as
urban areas of the country.

Goal: To provide universal access to power by December 2018. The scheme will be executed at a
cost of Rs 16,320 crores.

Beneficiaries: While poorer households would be provided electricity connections free of cost as
part of the scheme, other households would also be provided electricity connections under the
scheme on payment of Rs.500. The amount is recovered by the DISCOMs/Power Departments in
ten 10 instalments along with electricity bills.

The electricity connection to households include the release of electricity connections by drawing a
service cable from the nearest electricity pole to the household premise, installation of energy meter,
wiring for a single light point with LED bulb and a mobile charging point.

For households located in remote and inaccessible areas, solar power packs of 200 to 300 Watt and
battery back with 5 LED light, 1 DC Fan, 1 DC power plug along with repair and maintenance for 5
years would be provided.
Impact of automation on employment opportunities in India: Analysis
Convergence with other schemes: While the 24x7 Power for All is a joint initiative of the Union and
State governments to prepare a road map and action plan to ensure 24x7 power for all, Saubhagya
is a schematic support to address the issue of energy access. The saubhagya scheme was taken up
by realizing the fact that providing connectivity to all households is a prerequisite to ensure 24x7
power supply.

Similarly, the Saubhayga scheme helps in comprehensively addressing the issues of entry barrier,
last mile connectivity and release of electricity connections under the Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram
Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) and Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS). It should be noted that
DDUGHY envisages the creation of basic electricity infrastructure in villages / habitations,
strengthening & augmentation of existing infrastructure, metering of existing feeders / distribution
transformers / consumers to improve quality and reliability of power supply in rural areas, the IPDS
provides for creation of necessary infrastructure to provide electricity in urban areas.

Budget: Rs. 16,320 crore allocated for the Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana.
Simultaneous Elections in India: A Case Study
Benefits of Saubhagya: The scheme will benefit the consumers in the following manner.

• Access to electricity would substitute the use of Kerosene for lighting purposes, resulting in
reduction in indoor pollution thereby saving people from health hazards.

• Electricity access would help in establishing efficient and modern health services in all parts of the
country.

• Lighting after the sunset also provides a sense of enhanced personal safety, especially for women,
and increase in post sunset social as well as economic activities.

• Availability of electricity will boost education services across all areas and quality lighting post
sunset would facilitate children to spend more time on studies and move ahead further in
prospective careers. Household electrification also increases the likelihood that women would study
and earn income.

• Substitution of use of Kerosene with electricity for lighting purposes would reduce annual subsidy
on Kerosene and would also help reduce the import of petroleum products.

• Electricity in each home would provide improved access to all kinds of communications like Radio,
Television, Internet, mobile, etc. through which everyone would be able to access all kinds of
important information available through these communication mediums.

• Farmers can access information about new and improved agriculture techniques, agro-machinery,
quality seeds, etc. resulting in a significant increase in agricultural production and consequently
increase in income. Farmers and youths can also explore the possibilities of setting up agro based
small industries.

• Implementation of scheme itself would result in employment generation in view of the requirement
of semi-skilled / skilled manpower for execution of works of household electrification. About 1000
lakh man-days works would be generated for implementation of the scheme.
Highlights of NITI Aayog’s Draft National Energy Policy 2017
Challenges in implementation

The following are some of the challenges involved in the successful implementation of the
Saubhagya Scheme.

• At present, the DISCOMs are under a huge debt burden running into thousands of crores of
rupees. Though the Ujwal Discom Awas Yojana (UDAY) has been proving successful in improving
the financial health of DISCOMs, the implementation of the Saubhaygay by the end of 2018 is a
major challenge for them.
• The transmission and distribution losses of over 20% need to be reduced to a negligent level to
achieve the goals of the scheme.

• The corruption and the apathy of the lower officials in the power sector should be corrected for its
successful implementation. The involvement of Gram Sabhas in the implementation of the scheme is
a welcome step in this regard.

Conclusion

Access to electricity definitely has positive impact on quality of life of people in all aspects of daily
household chores and human development. The Saubhagya Scheme is a significant initiative since
it touches various aspects of human life – employment, health, education and education. Its
successful implementation is key to building smart villages, achieving energy security and improving
the lives of people living in remote and inaccessible areas.

Essay on Gender Equality, History,


Importance, Benefits, Challenges,
Solutions Speech, Paragraph and
Article
Gender Equality: Introduction, Definition, and History
The concept of treating women and men equal known better as
gender equality was a goal that has still not been realized fully.
Misogynist traditions always made women either inferior to men or
entitled them to areas less significant or dictated by men. Gender
equality as an idea is always in sync with nature as nature sought to
balance the imperfections present in both sexes. Gender equality is
meant to be a complementary process rather than a process that
discriminates. However, traditionally women were always assigned a
sphere that made them occupied with less decision-making
capabilities.

Proto-feminists like Christine De Fisan as early as in the Middle Ages


harped on equality of gender and advocated for female literacy as
well as equal opportunities for women. In Britain, the Shaker
movement of 1778 worked in favor of equality of sexes. However, it
was only after the 1945 era and beginning of a new world order that
Internationally the issue of gender equality was addressed.
Importance Of Gender Equality
In the absence of gender equality as a globally achievable goal,
gender roles were biased by customs, traditions and sexist culture
that belittled women on basis of their biological weakness. The
importance of gender equality lies in the fact that it promotes an
order of gender neutrality where discrimination is prohibited merely
because someone is woman or man. Without effective gender
equality, getting rid of social evils like female foeticide and
discrepancy of education between man and woman is not possible.
Effects of Gender Equality for Women
The United Nations has published several reports and proceedings to
show how gender equality lends beneficial effects for both women
and men besides giving sustainable upliftment of social conditions in
general. There has been regular socio statistical modeling where
research has shown that effects of gender equality reach beyond the
family level and goes on to promote a general sense of inclusive
development across various layers of the society.

Gender equality at the macro level would result in the


effects like:
1.Equal participation of females in all sectors including
agriculture would mean more production of agrarian nature
which would help eradicate malnourishment as well as provide
greater impetus to manufacturing industries with the primary
material of agrarian origin.
2.More awareness among men to share household and domestic
responsibilities and better breakdown of orthodox norms like
‘women only do household jobs’.
3.Elimination of child labor as if both the man and woman works
then the view that a child can also be a source of labor
diminishes considerably.
4.Better access of women to resources like land, property, and
education. Such resources strengthen the chances that future
generations would suffer from fewer instances of gender
discrimination.

Challenges To Achieve Gender Equality


Despite the presence of several checks in place, the case of gender
equality till date remains one of the utmost challenges. Several
ground realities prevent the proper execution of steps crucial to the
real-time implementation of the idea of gender equality.

 There is the customary problem of discrimination between the


birth of a boy and girl. Which ensues in a girl having lesser
access and opportunities with an education that ultimately helps
in female liberalization.
 Rural women face the greater challenge of having odds like
societal pressure to get married, have children and all this
despite the poverty conditions that might prevail at home.
 Gender violence is a major reason why women from
underprivileged and less income square might not be able to
access legal help on account of persistent torture.
 At administrative levels too, with a lower representation of
women in areas like police, vigilante offices, the gender
sensitivity is not very developed which often results in lesser
awareness for redressal of women’s issues.
Role Of Education In Women’s life to Achieve Gender Equality
Education plays perhaps the essential role in order to ensure that
gender inequality does not become a sustainable development
paradox for global well being. In India, people like Raja Rammohan
Roy, Savitribai Phule, Sarojini Naidu worked in favor of education
reaching more women to improve their awareness and
responsiveness to social issues.

A population of women, well educated ensures that her children do


not remain tied to the traditional thought process. Moreover, with
education alone, women can fight for their own rights, create better
opportunities for self-help and improve economic productivity on a
centralized scale. Adult education too is an important feature for
women’s education and their right to assert gender equality as with
adult education programmes several women otherwise uneducated
may come to know of their rights better and prevent further
exploitation due to lack of educational awareness.
Importance of Women Education Essay, Speech, Article
Advantages, Benefits of Gender Equality
The culture of gender equality, more than anything else, does not
merely stand for feminism. A world and an India with Gender
equality as the cornerstone is beneficial for men as well. The
increase in women participation in the labor force marks a greater
benefit for the overall GDP growth of the nation, where the rise in
economic activities would mean trickle-down effect towards a more
decentralized strengthened economy.

More women equality would entail that the cultural effects reach the
future generations through children with the successive generation
normalizing gender equality as a culture. Women participation in the
labor force would also mean a better quality of education as well as
improvement in reproductive choice due to heightened awareness of
family planning. This would automatically imply that the standard of
living for average families also improve with additional income and
lower population frame.

Gender Equality In India


India, with a gender development index of 131 and placed 125 out
of 159 countries, lags far behind most developed nations with
regard to the factor of gender development. While Constitutional
forefathers provided for universal application of equality in all fields
irrespective of gender, yet customary traditions and norms worked
against the women in India.

In India, gender equality is more a myth than a reality. This


pertains to various reasons including
 Biasness towards male child
 Viewing women as marriage material
 The dominance of patriarchy in public spheres
 Deep-rooted traditions skewed against women
While these are only a few reasons, the result of these has been
bitter in case of gender equality in India. While the GDP of India
shows a steady growth, female participation in the labor force has
declined considerably with wage gap between male and female
population being a constant in the job market. In the Parliament too,
only 12.2 percent seats are occupied by females while there is an
inequality in education based on gender that stands at a staggering
value of 39.4 percent. Even with respect to maternal mortality rates,
the rate is 174 for every 100000 births.
Such statistics only show the acute nature of ground inequality of
gender in India, which shows that even in 2018, despite women
education, at the workplace or at home, between a man and a
woman India has achieved little parity in status.
Solutions To Achieve Gender Equality | How to Achieve Gender
Equality?
With so much being learned and said about gender equality, how far
have we come along the lines of history?! Gender Equality still
remains an issue where the question as ‘how to achieve’ still eludes
us. The solutions to achieve the same is not a straightforward one.
In fact, despite the provision of several legislative and executive
acts and powers, gender equality is a continuous process that often
begins at home as well as the workplace. Few ways to implement
gender equality in society can be as follows:

 At home, women must be given help to share household work


as well as adequate respect and financial support for all her
contribution to unpaid domestic work
 At the workplace, there must be a definite culture and
infrastructure where new mothers can either work from home or
have creches to keep their small children so that the woman
does not need to worry about children or leave the job altogether
 In the public sphere, harassment and molestation should be
dealt with sternly and organizations and campaigns working for it
should have adequate funds to support their work
 Children should be imparted values which teach gender
neutrality and parity.
 Amendments to existing laws must be made keeping in mind
the dynamic atmosphere of sustainable development with
women inclusion across the world.
Such actions, on a wider basis, can bring about a change over time
with regard to gender equality.

Gender Equality Slogans and Quotes


In 2013-2014 Consumers India organized an All India slogan contest.
Their theme was Gender Equality in India. Hundreds of enthusiastic
people participated in the same, where it was evident that the
modern generation is eager to do away with the history of
discrimination as gender inequality as an idea goes against nature.
Slogans based on the futility of idea to worship goddess with zero
respect for women to protesting against female foeticide to the
disenchantment with fewer women being properly educated were
actively raised.

Some Facts and Statistics For Gender Equality


The United Nations, on a periodic basis, comes up with several
reports to highlight the status of gender equality across the globe.
Few facts that come up with such a report based on 2016 are:

 22.8 percent females are able to hold Parliamentary positions


 In the least Developed countries, conflict-torn countries and
areas of Sub Saharan Africa, the instances of girls not accessing
to education are highest. Also, schooldrop out instances grows
2.5 times higher than countries without such troubles.
 Over 7.5 million girls across the globe were married before
attaining adulthood.
 Self-employment or entrepreneurship is still lesser in women
and more among young men.
In India, facts already discussed jointly raise the considerable
question on the sustainable development paradox prevailing
through gender inequality across the world.

Gender Equality Acts, Laws and Campaigns: Concluding for the Start
Several acts and laws are in place to curb the social evil called
gender inequality. In the United States, Acts that advocate equal pay
to men and women was passed as early as in 1963. In the United
Kingdom, there is the Act of Equality passed in 2010, which replaced
all previous laws regarding gender discrimination and propounded
that it seeks workplace equality and prevents discrimination based
on sex in every other sphere of public life.

In India, a Uniform civil code is applied to every individual


irrespective of their gender in order to create the basis of the
fundamental right of equality of individuals. Further Acts like Equal
Remuneration Act of 1976, Prohibition Of Dowry Act 1961, Abolition
of Sex Determination Test Act in 1994 all these sought to provide the
basis of redressal and establish the case of gender equality in India.
Further, the Hindu Succession Amendment Act of 2005 that
provisioned equal right of inheritance of daughters on the lines of
the son was a commendable breakthrough to end the judicial
discrimination of inheritance for Hindu women in India.

In 2013, post the Nirbhaya incident, the government passed on the


Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal Act of 2013 for sexual
harassment cases registered at the workplace. The law also makes
it mandatory to establish a women’s harassment and redressal
department or cell at the workplace.
Further, there takes place regular campaigns and exists several
dedicated bodies across the international forum for specifically
addressing the concerns of women and gender relating issues. In
2008, United Nations launched the Unite to End Violence Against
Women campaign in order to promote universal human
rights against the violence of any form, especially to the women
and girls by coordinating and strengthening national law system.
On Women’s Day in 2016, the Transgender Equality Group in Europe
asserted the harmonious coexistence of transgender rights and
gender equality of women saying that they were mutually
strengthening and did not threaten the development of the other.

The recent hashtag movement of #HeForShe, #MeToo,


#TimesUp, such social media activism goes a long way in
promoting the concepts of gender neutrality as an important residue
of gender parity movement. The celebration of occasions like
Gender Equality Day on August 26 or Women’s Day on 8th of
March, marks the culmination of all efforts that leading NGOs,
trusts and UN movements carry forward the entire year.
Conclusion
Equality is the right of every human being in the world.
Discrimination based on the gender of a person is an evil thing and
should be abolished by the society. The youth of today if works
together to eradicate the gender inequality then it would potentially
be benefiting the successive generations altogether promoting a
culture of gender equality and equity.
Essay on Effects and Impacts of GST
on Common Man, Indian Economy
Pexels.com

India is going through a lot of change right now,


first demonetisation attempt to curb the black money and
eradicate corruption and now a few months later GST bill to make
sure there should be no space for the reasons of corruption which
will directly boost our Indian economy. We have written this article to
make you aware of the effects and impacts of GST on various
aspects of our lives. The best part about this article is that with this
core information you can prepare a decent essay or speech for your
speech and essay competition. Because I am pretty sure the GST is
going to be the topic of discussion in every school and college too.

Yes, in short term GST going to disturb the Indian economy and will
affect the way businesses operate and handle their taxes. GST game
is not for weak hearted. GST will help in improving the economy but
in long run and that is why it is called a “Reform”. It is possibly the
biggest economic reform since globalization which was done under
Mr. Manmohan Singh as finance minister. GST implementation in
India will be a huge success. GST taxation system will cause
inconvenience to citizens, businesses, and manufacturers as this
system is completely new to them but with the time people will
learn and get the hang of it. But there are positive and negative
impacts and effects of GST as well.
As always there are two sides to the coin, positive and negative; the
same rule applies to GST too. It will have some good and bad impact
too.

Positive Effects of GST in India


The death of all taxes: With the unified tax regime we said
goodbye to a big pile of indirect taxes making India One Nation
One Market One Tax country. Now, businesses don’t need to worry
about the plethora of taxes.
Digitized Process: The whole process is digitized leaving no
chance for tax evasion with the help of digitized records of all
businesses. Each business whose annual turnover is over 20 lakhs
will have to digitalise their business for transparency in paying taxes
and input credit benefits. And with transparency, there will be no
hidden taxes making India corruption-free system.
GDP Growth: With exemption benefits on some goods and services
it will increase production, lessen the prices and equivalently
increase the demand helping GDP growth. More imports and exports
will flow generating decent revenue, but according to experts, it will
take two years for the economy to be stable.
Market Competition: Due to reduced costs in FMCG(Fast moving
consumer goods sector) products like biscuits, toothpaste may
become cheaper and will be manufactured in high volumes creating
competition in the domestic and international market.
No filing of Income Tax returns without Aadhaar: The
government has made it compulsory to mention Aadhaar for the
filing of income tax return. Without Aadhaar, you won’t be able to
file your return after July 1. Linking of Aadhaar with PAN
becomes mandatory. The government has also made it
compulsory to link Aadhaar with PAN to stop people using multiple
PANs to evade taxes. If a person does not link PAN and Aadhaar as
mandated by Section 139AA of the Income Tax Act, his PAN could
become invalid. To link Aadhar to PAN card go to Income Tax India
Filing.
Along with effects of GST on the Indian economy, there are multiple
impacts of GST on various sectors.

What are the Impacts of GST on Airlines, Telecom Industries?

Costly transportation and communication services: Airlines


traveling will be expensive after GST Act, the tax rate for the current
airline is 9 percent which will change to 12 percent. Although, GST
on economy class traveling is set to 5% from 6%.
Telecom Industry: Reliance Jio being a headache, poaching
customers of other telcos by providing services at cheap rate has
put large telecom industries in a dilemma, and with the GST Telecom
services will be taxed at 18% to previous 15%.
Check out our essay and speech section and find amazing essays
and speeches likeDemonetization, Digital India, What is GST?
What is the Impact of GST on Cars/Automobiles?

Four wheeler vehicle is somewhat a milestone for every person in


their life as it gives easy of transportation but mostly prestige. Cars
are considered as luxury goods under GST. Therefore cars fall under
28% slab of GST. Apart from daily private transportation, there will
be a problem for the farmers whose daily work depends on the
tractor vehicles. After GST there will be a hike from 6-7% to 12% in
tractors. Not only that but the hike in insurance and loans for cars is
to be expected as well. Hybrid cars will be taxed 28% whereas the
tax on Electric cars will remain at 12%.

What is the Impact of GST on Real Estate?

Real estate will get costlier, but buyers will be happy to pay more
because instead of paying numerous taxes like VAT tax, service tax,
Cess tax, etc. They have one direct tax GST which gives clear
knowledge of the amount they are paying to the developer. GST on
real estates will extend up to 12% that is 6.5% more than the
current tax. Developers have to face the burden of paying the tax of
the unsold flats which then can be recovered quickly, but this might
be bad for buyers as developers may increase their costs of the
property.

What is the Impact of GST on Electronics like Mobile Phones and Laptops?

A mobile phone is a necessity for each nowadays. Electronics are


getting cheaper except for mobiles which will get costlier except for
imported mobile phones which will be cheaper compared to the
mobiles manufactured in INDIA. There is 4-7% rise of tax on mobile
phones making them costlier. Same with laptops and desktops they
fall under 18% GST slab that’s a 4-5% hike. But all these hikes in
cost can be brought down if India starts mass producing laptops and
other peripherals.

What is the Impact of GST on Manufacturing Sector?

Suppose a manufacturer buys raw material for 100 Rs where he/she


pays tax of 10% that means 10rs goes to the government and when
the manufacturer sells the product with added value of 20 Rs
making it 100+20 =120rs, government collect tax of 12rs, but the
manufacturer has already paid 10rs which makes him liable to pay
only 2rs to the government. This transparency of taxation system is
likely to enhance economic growth and make corruption free tax
system. Goods and services prices are likely to come down if the
majority of manufacturing is done in India.

What is the Impact of GST on Logistics?

Logistics plays an integral role in supplying goods from one corner to


another its the sole reason for the growth in manufacturing and
consumption. Because of GST goods can move freely from one state
to another.

What is the impact of GST on Common Man?

The ordinary man can take a big sigh of relief because there will be
many opportunities for making significant savings on GST.

Personal care: Products like oil, soap, kajal tissue prices will come
down by 6% to 10%.
Hotels: If you are an avid traveler great news for you.
Accommodation under 1000rs will be exempted from GST tax, and
18% tax will be levied on above 5000rs accommodation. Taxes on
hotels have been reduced from 22% to 18%.
Air Travelling: Economy class fares have been reduced as it only
attracts 5% tax of GST.
Branded Goods: Most branded goods that were taxed at 23-25% is
reduced to 18% which means more shopping of branded goods at
reasonable rates.
Negative Impact of GST in India
Gst is confusing the common man even large scale businesses, they
need to rely on advocates and chartered accountants to make them
understand What is GST and how it works. Not only that but using
computerized process, online registration and return filing is a
hassle for those who are barely in touch with technology.
The government has estimated that Indian economy will require at
least 2 years to become stable.

Triple Talaq Essay UPSC/Triple Talaq Essay For UPSC


Triple Talaq is the process of divorce under Sharia Law (Islamic law) where a
husband can divorce his wife by pronouncing ‘Talaq’ three times. This is also
called oral talaq. There are three types of divorce under Islamic law, namely,
Ahsan, Hasan and Talaq-e-Biddat (triple talaq). While the former two are
revocable, the last one is irrevocable. It is mainly prevalent among India’s
Muslim communities that follow the Hanafi School of Islamic Law.
Under this law, wives cannot divorce husbands by the means of triple talaq.
Women have to move a court for divorcing her husband under the Muslim
Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act 1937. (This Act was passed to make
provisions for the application of Shariat or Islamic personal law to Muslims in
India.)

Arguments against triple talaq


 It goes against the rights of equality and women’s empowerment. It
propagates the dominance of men over women.
 According to a study, 92% of Muslim women in India wanted the triple talaq
to be banned.
 It gave men the right to arbitrarily divorce their wives without any valid
reason.
 New-age technology has given birth to new modes of triple talaq such as
through skype, text messages and email.
 Many Islamic countries have outlawed this practice including Bangladesh,
Pakistan and Indonesia. There is no reason for a democratic and secular India to
continue this lopsided practice.
 It goes against the constitutional principles of gender equality, secularism,
right to life of dignity, etc. It goes against Article 14 (Right to Equality) and
Article 15(1) which states that there shall be no discrimination against any
citizen on the basis of gender, race, etc. and this kind of talaq is biased against
the interests of women.
 The constitution of the country says that it shall strive to bring a uniform civil
code for the entire country. Doing away with triple talaq will definitely be a step
closer to the constitution-makers’ dream of having a uniform civil code for all
citizens.
 However, the National Commission of Women says that this matter cannot be
linked to uniform civil code. Nevertheless, it should be banned in order to protect
the interests of Muslim women.
 The Supreme Court has also declared that this practice is unconstitutional
and not protected by Article 25 which regards the freedom of religion. Also in
December 2016, the Allahabad High Court had said that no personal law board
was above the constitution.
 Experts also opine that only the essential or integral features and aspects of
a religion are protected by the Constitution. Triple talaq was not an integral
feature of Islam.

Challenges in banning triple talaq


 Religious groups infer the banning of a traditional practice sanctified by
Sharia as interfering in the religious aspects of minorities.
 The courts should decide two things basically:
o Whether personal law can be subject to the constitution or not
o How to view the relationship between triple talaq and Muslim personal
law
Past rulings:
 In the Shah Bano case in 1985, the SC granted Shah Bano, a 62-year old
woman the right to alimony from her husband.
 But in 1986, the government passed the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights
on Divorce) Act which diluted the positive impact created by the Shah Bano
case.
 In 2001, in the Danial Latifi & Anr versus Union of India case, the SC upheld
the validity of the Shah Bano judgement.
 In August 2017, a five-judge bench of the SC declared the triple talaq as
unconstitutional in a majority 3:2 judgement. This was the culmination of a
petition filed by Shayara Bano, whose husband of 15 years had divorced her
through a letter where he pronounced talaq three times, to declare the divorce
as void.
The latest ruling is truly a watershed moment in women empowerment
movement in India. The court has given progressive thoughts enshrined in
the Constitution precedence over personal law in society.

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi