earth leakage protection

The low voltage technical newsletter

Technology
An electromechanical
or an electronic relay?
/ p. 5

Practical
Earthing systems
/ p. 7

Tips
Installations
recommendations
/ p. 10 - 11

Schneider Electric 5, rue Nadar
F-92506 Rueil-Malmaison cedex
tél : +33 (0)1 41 29 82 00
fax : +33 (0)1 47 51 80 20
The Schneider
solutions
From the residual current relay
with separate toroid to the residual
current circuit-breaker: all the low
How to protect
voltage protection solutions
/ p. 14 - 23
persons and
equipment?
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DITED198106en We do more with electricity
ART 07120
1
 Equipements électriques : Electrical equipment:

The riks ■ ID/RCCB/FI

and their consequences ■ ID/RCCB/FI ■ 4 poles
■ 2 poles ■ rating: 25 to 100A
All electrical installations produce current flows. Even small flows present non-negligible ■ rating: 25-80 A ■ voltage rating: 400 VAC
■ voltage rating: 230 VAC ■ sensitivity: 30 to 1000 mA
risks which can cause serious damage. ■ sensitivity: 10 to 500 mA instantaneous or selective S
instantaneous or selective S

L’électrocution
A few milliamps suffice to seriously harm the human body. Electrocution can
occur either by direct contact with an electric cable or a live device, or by
indirect contact, if the person touches an accidentally energised metal part.

1A cardiac arrest ■ ID/RCCB/FI

■ 2 or 4 poles
■ rating: 100A and 125A
75 mA irreversible cardiac ■ voltage rating: 230/400 VAC
fibrillation threshold ■ sensitivity: 30 to 300 mA
30 mA respiratory paralysis instantaneous or selective S
The physiological reaction threshold
depends on:
■ the contact voltage 10 mA muscular contraction
(tetanisation)
Enclosure installation data
■ the type and duration of the
contact 0,5 mA very slight sensation main device function Vigi module DPN Vigi ID
■ the age and vulnerability of incomer ■■ ■
the subject. single-phase outgoer ■ ■■
other outgoer ■■ ■
earth leakage current ≥ 500 mA + load current ■■ ■
breaking capacity function of associated 3000 A - 4500 A must be obtained by cascading
Fire overcurrent circuit-breaker (3 kA à 25 kA) or 6000 A with upstream circuit-breaker
30% of fires in max. rating 125 A 40 A 125 A
industrial and domestic insulator temperature rise
buildings are the result
of an electrical fault, the the insulator melts and strips the conductor
main cause of which is
deterioration of a cable accident
insulator due to
overheating or
accidental knocking.
Practical
Load
destruction A few installation tips
Some electrical devices deteriorate over
Current rating upstream of a group of installation standards residual current circuit- downstream short-
time and may present insulation faults.
Chosen according to circuits, its rated in each country for K breaker and the circuit protection
Insulation faults have many causes:
the current flowing current is chosen so (normally 0.6)). downstream short- devices.
■ heat generated by device operation through it. circuit protection In this case,
that:
■ overcurrent ■ if the residual Electrodynamic devices are in the coordination is
Ic = K(Id + Ie + If + Ig).
■ aggressiveness of the environment current circuit-breaker K is the “coincidence” withstand capacity same switchboard necessary between the
■ material wear and loss of tightness is placed downstream factor which takes Short-circuit protection produced according to short-circuit protection
Apart from load destruction, there is a risk of a circuit-breaker and device efficiency must be provided by standards, that the device and the residual
of electrocution and fire. on the same circuit, and power into the short-circuit short-circuit current current circuit-breaker.
the rated currents of account, as well as protection device withstand of the
both devices are at their utilisation and placed upstream. residual current circuit-
most the same: Ib > Ia. extension factors However, it is breaker may also be
■ if it is placed (comply with applicable accepted, when the provided by the

2 earth leakage protection 23

 Residual current circuit-breakers
How to
protect
persons
Contents
earth leakage protection
and
equipments?
When confronted
How does earth leakage protection work? P. 4
with the risk
of electrocution, Detection / Measurement / Tripping
destruction
of loads and fire,
two different but
complementary
approaches enable An electromechanical or an electronic relay? P. 5
implementation
of effective protection. Two different technologies

1Prevention: Coordination of residual current devices P. 6

prevent the fault
from occuring Coordination of earth leakage protections
This approach mainly Coordination of overcurrent protections (of residual current circuit-breakers)
concerns new electrical
installations. Technical
progress and application
of strict standards are
a major asset Choosing the right protection P. 8
for the commissionning
Operating principle of efficient, reliable Protection by residual current circuit-breaker
In addition to leakage current detection, the residual current circuit- installations. Protection by one-piece phase neutral residual current device
breaker can be used to open, close or isolate a circuit. It has no
short-circuit or overload protection, and as such must be protected by Protection by an earth leakage module combined with or built into a circuit-breaker
an upstream circuit-breaker. Ground fault protection built into a power circuit-breaker
Its main function is to protect a set of feeders, each equipped with
circuit-breakers.
2 Action: detect
and neutralise
Use of the residual current circuit-breaker is recommended to provide faults.
earth leakage protection of an existing installation, already equipped
with circuit-breakers. Installation recommendations P. 10-11
Consequently, particularly used for domestic, tertiary and small How to make a reliable installation?
industrial applications, its advantage is that it can provide complete
safety of sensitive circuits at a low cost, for example in a kitchen or
The Protection against indirect contact
bathroom, a shop where there are risks for customers, damp working
premises and premises with an aggressive environment.
solution: Protection against the risk of fire
How to protect loads?
The Schneider
range of earth
leakage protection
Technical data products. Schneider low voltage earth leakage protection P. 12-13
■ nuisance tripping:
All the multi 9 residual current devices are immunised by an Installation recommendation: an exemple of a solution
interference suppression device which removes the risk of nuisance
tripping caused by:
■ sudden voltage variations (atmospheric overvoltages, device
switchings),
■ or by current variations (highly capacitive circuits). The product pages P. 14-23

The “ si ” range is designed to maintain optimum safety and continuity

of supply of networks in installations disturbed by:
■ extreme atmospheric conditions,
■ loads generating harmonics,
■ transient switching currents.

■ The residual current circuit-breakers meet current standards:

IEC 1008, EN61008.

22 earth leakage protection 3

 How
■ Declic Vigi
■ rating: 6 to 32 A
■ voltage rating: 230 V CA
■ breaking capacity: 3000 A

does
earth leakage protection work
The principle of Schneider’s earth leakage protection is based on a system performing
three successive functions virtually instantaneously: detection of a leakage current,
measurement of this current and trip opening of the faulty circuit.

Detection Detection
A current transformer is used whose primary windings are the
detection phase(s) and the neutral of the circuit to be protected. The winding
direction is such that the load and neutral currents cancel one ■ DPN Vigi
outgoing another out. The appearance of a leakage current destroys this ■ rating: 6 to 40 A
current
return balance and generates a current at the secondary winding known as ■ voltage rating: 230 V CA
current a residual current. ■ breaking capacity: 6000 A

current variation = 0

Measurement
Measurement
measurement An electromechanical relay is used which compares the electric
signal to a pre-set limit: the tripping threshold, also known as
sensitivity.
SN
■ a permanent magnet holds in the “ closed ” position a swivel plate
connected to a tripping mechanism.

■ opposite this, an electromagnet supplied by the residual current,

Enclosure installation data
current variation = 0
and a taut spring have a joint effect on plate opening. main device function Vigi module DPN Vigi ID
Tripping incomer ■■ ■
As long as the strength of the permanent magnet (defined according
to required system sensitivity) is greater than that of the spring and single-phase outgoer ■ ■■
tripping the electromagnet, the circuit is closed. other outgoer ■■ ■
■■ ■
breaking capacity function of associated 3000 A - 4500 A must be obtained by cascading
SN circuit-breaker (3 kA à 25 kA) or 6000 A with upstream circuit-breaker
max. rating 125 A 40 A 125 A

current variation ≠ 0
Tripping
As soon as the residual current is high enough to cancel the effect of
the permanent magnet, the spring causes the plate to swivel which
then strikes the trip opening mechanism of the faulty circuit.
Practical
In the IT earthing N L1 L2 L3 protected against whose rated
residual N L1 L2 L3 Residual current
system, there is a current short-circuits device or residual
residual current
need to provide L3
device
by a device placed current
circuit-breaker
is at most equal

Leakage current risks

L3
detection of L2
L1 upstream; L2
L1
to 0.15 times
overcurrent on the N
DPN DPN DPN
■ the circuit is part N the acceptable
DPN DPN
neutral conductor of final circuits, current
All LV electrical installations have earth leakage currents. Due partly to conductor capacitance, they of all circuits, of busways in the conductor with
increase when class 1 devices or motors with limited insulation are used. causing breaking plug lighting heating
system of the same type, the smallest cross-
An occasional earth leakage current greater than merely 500 mA can generate a sufficient overcurrent for the of all live conductors, of identical or very section.
insulator to heat, melt and start stripping the conductor. including the neutral necessary if: similar cross- protected by an
The leakage current flowing through the damaged insulator creates an electric arc the intense heat of which conductor. ■ the neutral section, and if the earth leakage
ignites the insulator and starts a fire. This protection is not conductor is assembly is protection device

4 earth leakage protection 21

 Residual current An electromechanical
relay
devices
or an electronic relay?
DPN Vigi Schneider proposes two technologies: electromechanical and electronic. The technological
choice depends on the specific features of your installation. In compliance with the
standard, Schneider recommends:
■ a residual current device with electromechanical relay for unmonitored distribution
(domestic applications and equivalent).
■ a residual current device with electronic relay for monitored distribution (applications
benefiting from a maintenance service).

The residual current

device with tripping
electromechanical relay outgoing
This device operates without any current
auxiliary source of supply. The energy
Operating pr inciple supplied by the toroid energises an SN
electromagnet whose moving part is
The residual current device combines the circuit-breaker and residual maintained in the closed position by a
current circuit-breaker functions in the same device. permanent magnet.
It thus provides complete protection against short-circuits, overloads return
■ fault current energy is the direct cause of
and insulation faults. tripping. This is the most reliable technology current
Such versatility means it can advantageously be used in all as it works regardless of fault origin.
application types. ■ user safety is top priority, and should not
The main application of this device is the protection of faults and thus be dependent on quality of the network current variation ≠ 0
to guarantee increased continuity of supply (horizontal (public/private), installation age, the neutral
discrimination). system chosen or the mechanism reset.
Consequently, for special circuits and distant loads, each level can be
protected by a suitable residual current device according to its
position and degree of risk.

Technical da ta
The DPN Vigi one-piece residual current devices provide: The residual current
■ complete protection of final circuits (overcurrents and insulation device with electronic tripping
faults)
■ protection of persons against indirect contact (30 or 300 mA) or relay
direct contact (30 mA for socket feeders).
■ protection of electrical installations against the risk of fire (300 to This device operates with an auxiliary
500 mA) source of supply. The electrical energy
■ with the 30 mA sensitivity, total vertical discrimination if they are supplied by the toroid is amplified by the SN
installed downstream of a 300 mA S selective residual current electronic board, in turn supplied by a
device (ID, Vigi, etc.) source dependent on network voltage.
Fault detection causes the breaking leakage
The “ si ” range is designed to maintain optimum safety and continuity device to trip. These devices may be current electronic
of supply of networks in installations disturbed by: completely independent, built into or relay
■ extreme atmospheric conditions, mounted on the breaking device.
■ loads generating harmonics, ■ high setting dynamics ensuring continuity
■ transient switching currents. of supply
■ a solution that can be used on all feeder
■ the DPN Vigi meet current standards: IEC 1009 - EN 61009 types irrespective of their rating.

20 earth leakage protection 5

 ■ Vigi C60

Coordination Electromechanical earth leakage module

■ instantaneaous 10 to 500 mA
■ selective 300 to 1000 mA S
■ rating up to 63 A
of residual current devices

The term “ coordination” refers to the behaviour of 2 series-connected devices in electrical

■ Vigi NG125
power distribution in the event of an overcurrent or ground fault downstream. These Electromechanical earth leakage module
principles are recognised and defined in installation standard IEC 364 and product ■ instantaneous : 30-300-500 mA
■ Vigi NC100
standards (IEC 947, etc.). ■ selective : 300-500-1000 mA S
■ delayed :1000-3000 mA R Electromechanical earth leakage module
Coordination of earth leakage protections must take place at circuit opening device level
■ rating up to 125 A ■ instantaneaous 30 / 300 / 500 mA
(for overcurrents) and at earth leakage protection device function level (for insulation ■ selective 300/1 000 mA S
faults). ■ rating up to 100 A

Coordination of earth leakage

protections
This is performed by discrimination, circuit selection or a
combination of both. Discrimination guarantees continuity of
supply when a fault occurs, as it prevents the upstream device
from tripping when the fault is eliminated by the tripped ■ Vigi NC125
A downstream device. Electromechanical earth leakage module
■ discrimination may be at three or even four levels, when the
■ adjustable sensitivy (300 mA - 3 A)
installation includes a main LV switchboard, secondary switchboards instantaneaous or selective S
and final distribution switchboards.
■ rating up to 125 A
■ the final distribution switchboard normally contains the automatic
B breaking function in order to provide protection against indirect
contact and additional protection against direct contact. Schneider
offers a wide choice of discrimination and sensitivity possibilities, thus
1 2 3 enabling total coordination.
(For example: after calculation of correct discrimination between A
and B, tripping of A is delayed: only B will trip, and de-energisation of
lines 1 and 3 will be avoided).
Enclosure installation data
main device function Vigi module DPN Vigi ID
Coordination of overcurrent incomer ■■ ■
protections (of residual current single-phase outgoer ■ ■■
circuit-breakers) other outgoer ■■ ■
One of the factors influencing the choice of circuit-breaker must ■■ ■
220 V CA be coordination with the short-circuit protection device installed breaking capacity function of associated 3000 A - 4500 A must be obtained by cascading
circuit-breaker (3 kA à 25 kA) or 6000 A with upstream circuit-breaker
upstream.
As the residual current circuit-breaker has a limited breaking capacity max. rating 125 A 40 A 125 A
NC100H 2P
and short-circuit current withstand, it must be protected against
short-circuits developing downstream (electrodynamic protection)
and overloads.
ID 2P 80 A
The residual current circuit-breaker can be protected against short- Practical
circuits by the circuit-breaker (placed downstream in the same
20 kA
switchboard).
C60N 2P
Coordination of Schneider products offers integrated, automatic
discrimination. A common
Choice of a Schneider solution ensures perfect coordination of
your protection system. range
of auxiliaries
The electrical auxiliaries allow remote tripping and indication
of circuit-breakers. They are mounted to the left of the circuit-
breaker.

6 earth leakage protection 19

 Practical
Earth leakage modu- combined The earthing systems
les
with a circuit-breaker TT system
In the TT system, the sensitivity of the earth leakage protection
device against the risk of direct contact for protection of persons
L1
L2 must be:
L3 ■ 30 mA maximum
N ■ calculated according to standard IEC 364 or chosen by
discrimination, for protection against indirect contact.
PE
Rn

The small value of the fault current makes use of the earth leakage protection device necessary for protection
against indirect contact:
■ either at the incoming end of the installation
■ or by groups of equipment, if the load frames are not all connected to the same earthing connection or in order
to ensure better circuit separation.

IT System
In the IT system, the neutral conductor is not earthed.
This “ isolated neutral ” system does not connect the neutral
conductor to the earth, but is fitted with a protective conductor
Operating principle which ensures equipotentiality of frames with one another to earth
When combined with a circuit-breaker, the earth leakage module potential.
offers an additional earth leakage function.
A simple auxiliary, it does not have an internal tripping mechanism.
Its relay transmits a mechanical tripping order to the circuit-breaker,
just like any other auxiliary.
Upgradability of electrical circuits is thus ensured through the
■ 1st fault: the user must be warned by the tripping of an indicator. The first fault does not present a risk for
addition of an earth leakage module at any time and on any circuit-
persons.
breaker.
■ 2nd fault: this fault is dangerous:
The range of (Vigi) earth leakage modules offers a wide choice in
number of poles (2P, 3P, 4P), currents (25 to 125 A) and sensitivities ■ if the conductor frames are connected to the same earthing connection: it causes the circuit-breakers or fuses
(10 to 3000 mA). to trip.
This guarantees that a Vigi module can always be combined with a ■ if the conductor frames are not connected to the same earthing connection: an RCD MUST be used.
circuit-breaker, whatever its rating, breaking capacity and tripping
curve.
Its capacity to be adapted and upgraded make this range ideal for
industrial and large tertiary applications.
TN-S System
Technical data The sensitivity of an earth leakage protection depends on the
■ nuisance tripping:
application. Schneider recommends the use of values that are:
All the multi 9 residual current devices are immunised by an L1
L2 ■ either defined by default
interference suppression device which removes the risk of nuisance L3 ■ or calculated
tripping caused by: N
PE The use of a residual current device in TN-S allows early
■ sudden voltage variations (atmospheric overvoltages, device
detection of faults and detection of impedant faults without
switchings),
Rn waiting for the short-circuit to occur and the risks for equipment
■ or by current variations (highly capacitive circuits).
that it implies (equipment destruction, cable deterioration, fire,
etc.).
The “si” range is designed to maintain optimum safety and continuity
of supply of networks in installations disturbed by:
This is also an advantage for electromagnetic compatibility as, when a fault occurs, the TN-S system lets very
■ extreme atmospheric conditions,
high currents flow in the PE, device frames and structures.
■ loads generating harmonics,
These currents become permanent if they are not sufficient to trip the overcurrent protection, and reveal
■ transient switching currents.
differences in potential between frames.
■ The C60 Vigi module meet current standards: IEC 1009
EN 61009

18 earth leakageprotection 7
 ■ Vigicompact NS100/250 ■ Vigicompact NS400/630

Choosing
The releases are The releases are interchangeable
interchangeable thermal- thermal-magnetic or electronic modules.
magnetic or electronic The earth leakage protection function is
modules. performed directly by adding the Vigi
The earth leakage protection module to the circuit-breaker case.
the right protection function is performed directly
by adding the Vigi module to
the circuit-breaker case.

Protection of persons and equipment against direct and indirect contacts, insulation
faults and the risk of fire is provided by earth leakage protection devices: residual current
circuit-breakers or residual current devices

Protection by residual current circuit-

breaker
This device is recommended to provide earth leakage protection
of an existing installation equipped with a number of circuit-
breakers or fuses.
The residual current circuit-breaker is used in housing as well Protection types
as in the tertiary sector and industry.
complementary protection fire ground fault protection
■ it provides earth leakage protection for an outgoing circuit protection against protection protection of equipment:
■ it meets residual breaking capacity needs (I∆m as in standard against direct indirect motor, cable
contact contact
IEC 1008)
The residual current circuit-breaker can be used in all neutral Vigi ME para NS 100 ■ ■❃
y NS160 N/H/L
systems.
Vigi MH para NS 100 ■ ■ ■❃ ■
y NS250 N/H/L
Vigi MB para NS 400 ■ ■❃ ■❃
y NS630 N/H/L
T option ■❃
on NS400/NS630(*)

T option(*) STR55 UE
Compact NS400 / NS630 The GPF protection is of the “residual” type, with a threshold Ih and a time delay th
Ih Adjustable from 0,2 In to In
th 4 indexes
60 ms 140 ms 230 ms 350 ms
* made without using Vigi products.

Protection by a one-piece phase

neutral residual current device Practical
The phase neutral residual current device provides complete
protection of final circuits, and its main features make it
particularly advantageous.
It is used in housing and the tertiary sector.
Vigicompact and safety
The Vigicompact range offers a particularly reliable earth leakage protection:
■ it provides complete protection of final circuits (overcurrents and ■ the power supply is three-phase.
insulation faults) It is designed to operate:
■ it protects groups with only 1 to 3 loads – with a missing phase,
■ it is mainly used for TT earthing systems – with a voltage drop of up to 80 V on 2 phases (at this voltage level, the insulation fault is no longer dangerous,
■ it operates in single-phase circuits 50 V as in IEC 364).
■ the unlocking mechanism is mechanical:
It is installed inside the case.
Addition of an auxiliary release ensures there is no reduction in reliability.
Type of protection Sensitivity ■ compliance with product standard IEC 947-2 appendix B guarantees users Vigi module proper operation testing:
Protection of persons 30 mA * requires additional – after a short-circuit fault
protection to the short- – in extreme supply voltage conditions
Fire protection 300 to 500 mA
circuit protection device. – in disturbed environments according to the requirements of standards IEC 801-2 to -5 and IEC 255.
Load protection 30 A *
Cable protection 250 A *

8 earth leakage protection 17

 Residual
current devices

Vigicompact
Protection by an earth leakage module
combined with or built into a circuit-
breaker
The ability of such systems to be adapted and upgraded make
them ideal for industrial and large tertiary applications.

■ complete protection of the installation from the main LV

switchboard and on the various subdistribution feeders (overcurrents
and insulation faults).
■ discrimination of protection devices guaranteed by an extensive
range of settings and time delays irrespective of the Schneider earth
leakage protection devices installed downstream
■ protection of equipment (motors, cables, etc.) ensured up to 250 A.

Operating principle
The Vigicompact range is ideal for the protection of power
switchboard feeders and/or incomers. The threshold setting
possibilities enable protection of many industrial and tertiary
applications (protection of persons and equipment, motors, cables,
etc.).
The time delay possibilities allow total discrimination with
downstream distribution, thereby guaranteeing continuity of supply for
users. Ground Fault Protection built into
The Vigicompact range offers a reliable solution:
Three-phase supply without auxiliary supply source, a power circuit-breaker
Measuring and tripping system built into the circuit-breaker case. This protection is necessary on power networks operated using
The Vigicompact range is immune to nuisance tripping and is not the TN-S system when fault loop impedance is not controlled. It
affected by DC components (A class device as in IEC 947-2 is ideal for industrial applications and the large tertiary sector.
recommendations, Appendix B).
■ protection of cables and equipment up to 1200 A
■ discrimination of protection devices ensured by time delay
■ protection complies with NEC (National Electrical Code - USA)

Technical data
■ complies with IEC 947-2
■ immunity ensured as in IEC 255 and IEC 801-2 to -5, i.e.:
protection against nuisance tripping due to transient overvoltages,
lightning strokes, device switchings on network, electrostatic
discharges, electrical radio waves.
■ unaffected by A class DC components as in IEC 755
■ operation up to -25°C
■ sensitivity adjustable from 30 mA to 30 A according to ratings
■ adjustable time delay (4 indexes)
■ test by simulation of an insulation fault
Integration of the Vigi module in the circuit-breaker does not change
its safety features:
■ class II insulation on the front face
■ isolation with positive break indication

16 earth leakage
protection 9
 Installation
recommendations
■ RH10A-RH10AP ■ RH320A-RH320AP ■ RH328A-RH328AP

How to make a reliable installation?

■ The physiological studies defined by standard IEC 479 have
determined the risks linked to the flow of electric current in the
human body. ■ A type closed ■ OA type split toroids
- Compliance with the thresholds set by standard IEC 479 ensures an toroids ■ Split toroids for
outstanding level of safety while yet maintaining good continuity of ■ Closed toroids for renovations and
supply. new works and extensions
extension signal ■ detect leakage
- 30 mA is the respiratory paralysis threshold: this corresponds to a ■ detect leakage currents and transmit
current that can flow through the body without risk of ventricular currents and transmit a proportional
fibrillation (in other words without cardiac arrest). This level is placed signal proportional to the associated load.
at the asymptote of a curve such that if this current persists for an to the associated load.
infinite time, the risk of ventricular fibrillation in the population is non-
existent in 95% of cases. This limit is accepted for adults and
children.
Protection types
complementary protection fire ground fault protection
The thresholds determine the sensitivity of the earth leakage protection against protection protection of equipment:
protection devices: against direct indirect motor, cable
■ 30 mA maximum for complementary protection of persons against contact contact
direct contact, RH10A ■ ■ ■❃
■ 10 mA for “additional protection”, if necessary, of hand-held RH10AP
devices (no standard as yet) and surface sockets. RH320A ■ ■ ■❃
The 30 mA sensitivity in the table is a good compromise ensuring RH320AP
circuit protection without generating nuisance tripping. RH328A ■ ■ ■❃ ■ ■❃
RH328AP
T option ■❃
on Masterpact,
Compact C (*)

T option(*) Masterpact STR38S / STR58 U / STR68 U Compact C STR45 AE / STR55 UE

GPF protection is of the “residual” type, GPF protection is of the “residual” type,
with a threshold Ih and a time delay th with a threshold Ih and a time delay th
Ih Adjustable from 0,1 In to In (where Ih < 1200 A) Adjustable from 0,2 to 0,6 In
Why do we need to provide protection
th 4 indexes 4 indexes
against indirect contact? 0,1 sec. 0,2 sec. 0,3 sec. 0,4 sec. 0,1 sec. 0,2 sec. 0,3 sec. 0,4 sec.
This type of contact is just as dangerous as direct contact, which is
why faulty devices must be isolated as soon as the fault occurs. * made without using Vigirex products.

The sensitivity of residual current devices, placed at the incoming

end of the switchboard for indirect contact protection, will be adapted
to foreseeable ground fault currents. In practice, the threshold will be
greater than 500 mA in order to prevent nuisance tripping and allow Practical
discrimination.

Verification of residual current device sensitivity necessarily takes

into account the maximum value of the earthing connection by
An easy-to-install range
applying the formula: Id < UL/Ra, The VIGIREX devices provide installation solutions
■ mounting on a symmetrical rail or plate, or surface mounting
Id: fault current; ■ the toroids are installed directly on cable, symmetrical rail, devices, etc.
UL: limit safety voltage as in standard IEC 364; ■ power supply safety is guaranteed by:
Damp places: UL = 25 V — a LED on the front face
General case: UL = 50 V — a contact for remote transfer: the VIGIREX relay permanently monitors the toroid/relay connection.
Ra: total resistance of the ground fault loop.

10 earth leakage protection 15

 Residual current relays with separate toroid
Vigirex
Operating principle
The VIGIREX range is the ideal solution for guaranteeing safety of
persons and equipment for applications requiring a high degree of
installation flexibility: renovation, rack mounting, motor protection,
industrial control, generator, etc.
The many available settings, thresholds and time delays guarantee
excellent continuity of supply.
The VIGIREX range is designed to ensure optimum safety: “failsafe”
safety of power supply, pilot light, monitoring continuity of the
measurement circuit, etc.
The VIGIREX relays are immune to nuisance tripping and are
unaffected by DC components - A class device as in IEC 947-2
recommendations - Appendix B. Preventive maintenance is possible
as an option thanks to its insulation drop indicator light.
Technical data
The VIGIREX relay range is ideal for operation with 100 A to 6300 A
Compact and Masterpact circuit-breakers. It is designed:
■ for AC networks up to 1000 V, 50, 60 and 400 Hz frequency
■ in compliance with:
– installation standards: IEC 364, particularly paragraphs 4 and 5
– product standards: IEC 755, IEC 947-2 and applicable national
standards (VDE 664, NF-C 61-141, etc.).
■ The functions performed:
The VIGIREX range boasts 6 devices and 8 toroids covering all
applications.
The VIGIREX relays are designed for protection of persons and
equipment, for prevention and for protection of applications: motor,
cable, generator, etc.
14
What protection can be provided
against the risk of fire?
Standard IEC 364 makes provision for protection against the risk of
fire caused by the flow of fault currents in the busways. The value of
residual current device sensitivity ensures protection against this risk.
Fires are created by:
■ deterioration of the insulator
■ appearance of overheating in the cables
■ creation of a leakage current through the insulators
In order to protect against fire, Schneider recommends installing a
residual current device with a sensitivity threshold of at least 300 mA.
How can loads be protected?
In the TN-S system, an insulation fault causes high leakage currents
which may degenerate into short-circuit currents. These currents
must thus be eliminated as quickly as possible in order to avoid:
■ overheating of cables
■ perforation of insulators
■ deterioration of loads
The introduction of earth leakage protection devices prevents these
high short-circuit currents from occurring.
Protection thresholds are left for users to determine, but Schneider
recommends they be set between 500 mA and 30 A with or without
time delay. When only cables require protection, thresholds may be
increased up to 250 A.
Ground Fault Protection: for American type networks, the aim is to
monitor fault loop impedance at the incoming end of the installation
and to limit stray currents up to 1200 A.
Schneider recommends the installation of ground fault protection
devices set to the lowest possible threshold. Total discrimination of
these devices is ensured by using the various downstream protection
devices.
earth leakage
protection 11
 Installation
recommendations

Earth leakage protection

Generator set in power low voltage
TN-S ■ Residual current relays
with separate toroid: Vigirex p. 14-15
TT
Masterpact ■ Residual current
Vigirex M16
I ∆n = devices: Vigicompact p. 16-17
30 A
500 mS
Vigirex
Transformer I ∆n =
Main LV switchboard 250 A
500 mS
3
2
1 Earth leakage protection
Masterpact
N
in final low voltage
Vigi Compact Compact
M32 NS 160H C 801 ■ Earth leakage modules combined
I ∆n = with a circuit-breaker: Vigi p. 18-19
10 A
300 mS ■ Residual current
Vigirex
I ∆n =
devices: DPN Vigi p. 20-21
1A
100 mS ■ Residual current
circuit-breakers: ID/FI/RCCB p. 22-23
motor

3
2
1
N
fixed substation 10 A 10 A 16 A 32 A
I ∆n = I ∆n = I ∆n = I ∆n ≤ I ∆n ≤
300 mA 30 mA 300 mA 30 mA 30 mA

I ∆n = depends
on earthing
sockets for hand-held
connection
devices
resistance
grinder
machine area air
lathe planing band saw lighting extractors
compressor machine

12 earth leakage
protection 13
 Installation
recommendations

Earth leakage protection

Generator set in power low voltage
TN-S ■ Residual current relays
with separate toroid: Vigirex p. 14-15
TT
Masterpact ■ Residual current
Vigirex M16
I ∆n = devices: Vigicompact p. 16-17
30 A
500 mS
Vigirex
Transformer I ∆n =
Main LV switchboard 250 A
500 mS
3
2
1 Earth leakage protection
Masterpact
N
in final low voltage
Vigi Compact Compact
M32 NS 160H C 801 ■ Earth leakage modules combined
I ∆n = with a circuit-breaker: Vigi p. 18-19
10 A
300 mS ■ Residual current
Vigirex
I ∆n =
devices: DPN Vigi p. 20-21
1A
100 mS ■ Residual current
circuit-breakers: ID/FI/RCCB p. 22-23
motor

3
2
1
N
fixed substation 10 A 10 A 16 A 32 A
I ∆n = I ∆n = I ∆n = I ∆n ≤ I ∆n ≤
300 mA 30 mA 300 mA 30 mA 30 mA

I ∆n = depends
on earthing
sockets for hand-held
connection
devices
resistance
grinder
machine area air
lathe planing band saw lighting extractors
compressor machine

12 earth leakage
protection 13
 Residual current relays with separate toroid
Vigirex
Operating principle
The VIGIREX range is the ideal solution for guaranteeing safety of
persons and equipment for applications requiring a high degree of
installation flexibility: renovation, rack mounting, motor protection,
industrial control, generator, etc.
The many available settings, thresholds and time delays guarantee
excellent continuity of supply.
The VIGIREX range is designed to ensure optimum safety: “failsafe”
safety of power supply, pilot light, monitoring continuity of the
measurement circuit, etc.
The VIGIREX relays are immune to nuisance tripping and are
unaffected by DC components - A class device as in IEC 947-2
recommendations - Appendix B. Preventive maintenance is possible
as an option thanks to its insulation drop indicator light.
Technical data
The VIGIREX relay range is ideal for operation with 100 A to 6300 A
Compact and Masterpact circuit-breakers. It is designed:
■ for AC networks up to 1000 V, 50, 60 and 400 Hz frequency
■ in compliance with:
– installation standards: IEC 364, particularly paragraphs 4 and 5
– product standards: IEC 755, IEC 947-2 and applicable national
standards (VDE 664, NF-C 61-141, etc.).
■ The functions performed:
The VIGIREX range boasts 6 devices and 8 toroids covering all
applications.
The VIGIREX relays are designed for protection of persons and
equipment, for prevention and for protection of applications: motor,
cable, generator, etc.
14
What protection can be provided
against the risk of fire?
Standard IEC 364 makes provision for protection against the risk of
fire caused by the flow of fault currents in the busways. The value of
residual current device sensitivity ensures protection against this risk.
Fires are created by:
■ deterioration of the insulator
■ appearance of overheating in the cables
■ creation of a leakage current through the insulators
In order to protect against fire, Schneider recommends installing a
residual current device with a sensitivity threshold of at least 300 mA.
How can loads be protected?
In the TN-S system, an insulation fault causes high leakage currents
which may degenerate into short-circuit currents. These currents
must thus be eliminated as quickly as possible in order to avoid:
■ overheating of cables
■ perforation of insulators
■ deterioration of loads
The introduction of earth leakage protection devices prevents these
high short-circuit currents from occurring.
Protection thresholds are left for users to determine, but Schneider
recommends they be set between 500 mA and 30 A with or without
time delay. When only cables require protection, thresholds may be
increased up to 250 A.
Ground Fault Protection: for American type networks, the aim is to
monitor fault loop impedance at the incoming end of the installation
and to limit stray currents up to 1200 A.
Schneider recommends the installation of ground fault protection
devices set to the lowest possible threshold. Total discrimination of
these devices is ensured by using the various downstream protection
devices.
earth leakage
protection 11
 Installation
recommendations
■ RH10A-RH10AP ■ RH320A-RH320AP ■ RH328A-RH328AP

How to make a reliable installation?

■ The physiological studies defined by standard IEC 479 have
determined the risks linked to the flow of electric current in the
human body. ■ A type closed ■ OA type split toroids
- Compliance with the thresholds set by standard IEC 479 ensures an toroids ■ Split toroids for
outstanding level of safety while yet maintaining good continuity of ■ Closed toroids for renovations and
supply. new works and extensions
extension signal ■ detect leakage
- 30 mA is the respiratory paralysis threshold: this corresponds to a ■ detect leakage currents and transmit
current that can flow through the body without risk of ventricular currents and transmit a proportional
fibrillation (in other words without cardiac arrest). This level is placed signal proportional to the associated load.
at the asymptote of a curve such that if this current persists for an to the associated load.
infinite time, the risk of ventricular fibrillation in the population is non-
existent in 95% of cases. This limit is accepted for adults and
children.
Protection types
complementary protection fire ground fault protection
The thresholds determine the sensitivity of the earth leakage protection against protection protection of equipment:
protection devices: against direct indirect motor, cable
■ 30 mA maximum for complementary protection of persons against contact contact
direct contact, RH10A ■ ■ ■❃
■ 10 mA for “additional protection”, if necessary, of hand-held RH10AP
devices (no standard as yet) and surface sockets. RH320A ■ ■ ■❃
The 30 mA sensitivity in the table is a good compromise ensuring RH320AP
circuit protection without generating nuisance tripping. RH328A ■ ■ ■❃ ■ ■❃
RH328AP
T option ■❃
on Masterpact,
Compact C (*)

T option(*) Masterpact STR38S / STR58 U / STR68 U Compact C STR45 AE / STR55 UE

GPF protection is of the “residual” type, GPF protection is of the “residual” type,
with a threshold Ih and a time delay th with a threshold Ih and a time delay th
Ih Adjustable from 0,1 In to In (where Ih < 1200 A) Adjustable from 0,2 to 0,6 In
Why do we need to provide protection
th 4 indexes 4 indexes
against indirect contact? 0,1 sec. 0,2 sec. 0,3 sec. 0,4 sec. 0,1 sec. 0,2 sec. 0,3 sec. 0,4 sec.
This type of contact is just as dangerous as direct contact, which is
why faulty devices must be isolated as soon as the fault occurs. * made without using Vigirex products.

The sensitivity of residual current devices, placed at the incoming

end of the switchboard for indirect contact protection, will be adapted
to foreseeable ground fault currents. In practice, the threshold will be
greater than 500 mA in order to prevent nuisance tripping and allow Practical
discrimination.

Verification of residual current device sensitivity necessarily takes

into account the maximum value of the earthing connection by
An easy-to-install range
applying the formula: Id < UL/Ra, The VIGIREX devices provide installation solutions
■ mounting on a symmetrical rail or plate, or surface mounting
Id: fault current; ■ the toroids are installed directly on cable, symmetrical rail, devices, etc.
UL: limit safety voltage as in standard IEC 364; ■ power supply safety is guaranteed by:
Damp places: UL = 25 V — a LED on the front face
General case: UL = 50 V — a contact for remote transfer: the VIGIREX relay permanently monitors the toroid/relay connection.
Ra: total resistance of the ground fault loop.

10 earth leakage protection 15

 Residual
current devices

Vigicompact
Protection by an earth leakage module
combined with or built into a circuit-
breaker
The ability of such systems to be adapted and upgraded make
them ideal for industrial and large tertiary applications.

■ complete protection of the installation from the main LV

switchboard and on the various subdistribution feeders (overcurrents
and insulation faults).
■ discrimination of protection devices guaranteed by an extensive
range of settings and time delays irrespective of the Schneider earth
leakage protection devices installed downstream
■ protection of equipment (motors, cables, etc.) ensured up to 250 A.

Operating principle
The Vigicompact range is ideal for the protection of power
switchboard feeders and/or incomers. The threshold setting
possibilities enable protection of many industrial and tertiary
applications (protection of persons and equipment, motors, cables,
etc.).
The time delay possibilities allow total discrimination with
downstream distribution, thereby guaranteeing continuity of supply for
users. Ground Fault Protection built into
The Vigicompact range offers a reliable solution:
Three-phase supply without auxiliary supply source, a power circuit-breaker
Measuring and tripping system built into the circuit-breaker case. This protection is necessary on power networks operated using
The Vigicompact range is immune to nuisance tripping and is not the TN-S system when fault loop impedance is not controlled. It
affected by DC components (A class device as in IEC 947-2 is ideal for industrial applications and the large tertiary sector.
recommendations, Appendix B).
■ protection of cables and equipment up to 1200 A
■ discrimination of protection devices ensured by time delay
■ protection complies with NEC (National Electrical Code - USA)

Technical data
■ complies with IEC 947-2
■ immunity ensured as in IEC 255 and IEC 801-2 to -5, i.e.:
protection against nuisance tripping due to transient overvoltages,
lightning strokes, device switchings on network, electrostatic
discharges, electrical radio waves.
■ unaffected by A class DC components as in IEC 755
■ operation up to -25°C
■ sensitivity adjustable from 30 mA to 30 A according to ratings
■ adjustable time delay (4 indexes)
■ test by simulation of an insulation fault
Integration of the Vigi module in the circuit-breaker does not change
its safety features:
■ class II insulation on the front face
■ isolation with positive break indication

16 earth leakage
protection 9
 ■ Vigicompact NS100/250 ■ Vigicompact NS400/630

Choosing
The releases are The releases are interchangeable
interchangeable thermal- thermal-magnetic or electronic modules.
magnetic or electronic The earth leakage protection function is
modules. performed directly by adding the Vigi
The earth leakage protection module to the circuit-breaker case.
the right protection function is performed directly
by adding the Vigi module to
the circuit-breaker case.

Protection of persons and equipment against direct and indirect contacts, insulation
faults and the risk of fire is provided by earth leakage protection devices: residual current
circuit-breakers or residual current devices

Protection by residual current circuit-

breaker
This device is recommended to provide earth leakage protection
of an existing installation equipped with a number of circuit-
breakers or fuses.
The residual current circuit-breaker is used in housing as well Protection types
as in the tertiary sector and industry.
complementary protection fire ground fault protection
■ it provides earth leakage protection for an outgoing circuit protection against protection protection of equipment:
■ it meets residual breaking capacity needs (I∆m as in standard against direct indirect motor, cable
contact contact
IEC 1008)
The residual current circuit-breaker can be used in all neutral Vigi ME para NS 100 ■ ■❃
y NS160 N/H/L
systems.
Vigi MH para NS 100 ■ ■ ■❃ ■
y NS250 N/H/L
Vigi MB para NS 400 ■ ■❃ ■❃
y NS630 N/H/L
T option ■❃
on NS400/NS630(*)

T option(*) STR55 UE
Compact NS400 / NS630 The GPF protection is of the “residual” type, with a threshold Ih and a time delay th
Ih Adjustable from 0,2 In to In
th 4 indexes
60 ms 140 ms 230 ms 350 ms
* made without using Vigi products.

Protection by a one-piece phase

neutral residual current device Practical
The phase neutral residual current device provides complete
protection of final circuits, and its main features make it
particularly advantageous.
It is used in housing and the tertiary sector.
Vigicompact and safety
The Vigicompact range offers a particularly reliable earth leakage protection:
■ it provides complete protection of final circuits (overcurrents and ■ the power supply is three-phase.
insulation faults) It is designed to operate:
■ it protects groups with only 1 to 3 loads – with a missing phase,
■ it is mainly used for TT earthing systems – with a voltage drop of up to 80 V on 2 phases (at this voltage level, the insulation fault is no longer dangerous,
■ it operates in single-phase circuits 50 V as in IEC 364).
■ the unlocking mechanism is mechanical:
It is installed inside the case.
Addition of an auxiliary release ensures there is no reduction in reliability.
Type of protection Sensitivity ■ compliance with product standard IEC 947-2 appendix B guarantees users Vigi module proper operation testing:
Protection of persons 30 mA * requires additional – after a short-circuit fault
protection to the short- – in extreme supply voltage conditions
Fire protection 300 to 500 mA
circuit protection device. – in disturbed environments according to the requirements of standards IEC 801-2 to -5 and IEC 255.
Load protection 30 A *
Cable protection 250 A *

8 earth leakage protection 17

 Practical
Earth leakage modules combined The earthing systems
with a circuit-breaker TT system
In the TT system, the sensitivity of the earth leakage protection
device against the risk of direct contact for protection of persons
L1
L2 must be:
L3 ■ 30 mA maximum
N ■ calculated according to standard IEC 364 or chosen by
discrimination, for protection against indirect contact.
PE
Rn

The small value of the fault current makes use of the earth leakage protection device necessary for protection
against indirect contact:
■ either at the incoming end of the installation
■ or by groups of equipment, if the load frames are not all connected to the same earthing connection or in order
to ensure better circuit separation.

IT System
In the IT system, the neutral conductor is not earthed.
This “ isolated neutral ” system does not connect the neutral
conductor to the earth, but is fitted with a protective conductor
Operating principle which ensures equipotentiality of frames with one another to earth
When combined with a circuit-breaker, the earth leakage module potential.
offers an additional earth leakage function.
A simple auxiliary, it does not have an internal tripping mechanism.
Its relay transmits a mechanical tripping order to the circuit-breaker,
just like any other auxiliary.
Upgradability of electrical circuits is thus ensured through the
■ 1st fault: the user must be warned by the tripping of an indicator. The first fault does not present a risk for
addition of an earth leakage module at any time and on any circuit-
persons.
breaker.
■ 2nd fault: this fault is dangerous:
The range of (Vigi) earth leakage modules offers a wide choice in
number of poles (2P, 3P, 4P), currents (25 to 125 A) and sensitivities ■ if the conductor frames are connected to the same earthing connection: it causes the circuit-breakers or fuses
(10 to 3000 mA). to trip.
This guarantees that a Vigi module can always be combined with a ■ if the conductor frames are not connected to the same earthing connection: an RCD MUST be used.
circuit-breaker, whatever its rating, breaking capacity and tripping
curve.
Its capacity to be adapted and upgraded make this range ideal for
industrial and large tertiary applications.
TN-S System
Technical data The sensitivity of an earth leakage protection depends on the
■ nuisance tripping:
application. Schneider recommends the use of values that are:
All the multi 9 residual current devices are immunised by an L1
L2 ■ either defined by default
interference suppression device which removes the risk of nuisance L3 ■ or calculated
tripping caused by: N
PE The use of a residual current device in TN-S allows early
■ sudden voltage variations (atmospheric overvoltages, device
detection of faults and detection of impedant faults without
switchings),
Rn waiting for the short-circuit to occur and the risks for equipment
■ or by current variations (highly capacitive circuits).
that it implies (equipment destruction, cable deterioration, fire,
etc.).
The “si” range is designed to maintain optimum safety and continuity
of supply of networks in installations disturbed by:
This is also an advantage for electromagnetic compatibility as, when a fault occurs, the TN-S system lets very
■ extreme atmospheric conditions,
high currents flow in the PE, device frames and structures.
■ loads generating harmonics,
These currents become permanent if they are not sufficient to trip the overcurrent protection, and reveal
■ transient switching currents.
differences in potential between frames.
■ The C60 Vigi module meet current standards: IEC 1009
EN 61009

18 earth leakageprotection 7
 ■ Vigi C60

Coordination Electromechanical earth leakage module

■ instantaneaous 10 to 500 mA
■ selective 300 to 1000 mA S
■ rating up to 63 A
of residual current devices

The term “ coordination” refers to the behaviour of 2 series-connected devices in electrical

■ Vigi NG125
power distribution in the event of an overcurrent or ground fault downstream. These Electromechanical earth leakage module
principles are recognised and defined in installation standard IEC 364 and product ■ instantaneous : 30-300-500 mA
■ Vigi NC100
standards (IEC 947, etc.). ■ selective : 300-500-1000 mA S
■ delayed :1000-3000 mA R Electromechanical earth leakage module
Coordination of earth leakage protections must take place at circuit opening device level
■ rating up to 125 A ■ instantaneaous 30 / 300 / 500 mA
(for overcurrents) and at earth leakage protection device function level (for insulation ■ selective 300/1 000 mA S
faults). ■ rating up to 100 A

Coordination of earth leakage

protections
This is performed by discrimination, circuit selection or a
combination of both. Discrimination guarantees continuity of
supply when a fault occurs, as it prevents the upstream device
from tripping when the fault is eliminated by the tripped ■ Vigi NC125
A downstream device. Electromechanical earth leakage module
■ discrimination may be at three or even four levels, when the
■ adjustable sensitivy (300 mA - 3 A)
installation includes a main LV switchboard, secondary switchboards instantaneaous or selective S
and final distribution switchboards.
■ rating up to 125 A
■ the final distribution switchboard normally contains the automatic
B breaking function in order to provide protection against indirect
contact and additional protection against direct contact. Schneider
offers a wide choice of discrimination and sensitivity possibilities, thus
1 2 3 enabling total coordination.
(For example: after calculation of correct discrimination between A
and B, tripping of A is delayed: only B will trip, and de-energisation of
lines 1 and 3 will be avoided).
Enclosure installation data
main device function Vigi module DPN Vigi ID
Coordination of overcurrent incomer ■■ ■
protections (of residual current single-phase outgoer ■ ■■
circuit-breakers) other outgoer ■■ ■
One of the factors influencing the choice of circuit-breaker must ■■ ■
220 V CA be coordination with the short-circuit protection device installed breaking capacity function of associated 3000 A - 4500 A must be obtained by cascading
circuit-breaker (3 kA à 25 kA) or 6000 A with upstream circuit-breaker
upstream.
As the residual current circuit-breaker has a limited breaking capacity max. rating 125 A 40 A 125 A
NC100H 2P
and short-circuit current withstand, it must be protected against
short-circuits developing downstream (electrodynamic protection)
and overloads.
ID 2P 80 A
The residual current circuit-breaker can be protected against short- Practical
circuits by the circuit-breaker (placed downstream in the same
20 kA
switchboard).
C60N 2P
Coordination of Schneider products offers integrated, automatic
discrimination. A common
Choice of a Schneider solution ensures perfect coordination of
your protection system. range
of auxiliaries
The electrical auxiliaries allow remote tripping and indication
of circuit-breakers. They are mounted to the left of the circuit-
breaker.

6 earth leakage protection 19

 Residual current An electromechanical
relay devices
or an electronic relay?
DPN Vigi Schneider proposes two technologies: electromechanical and electronic. The technological
choice depends on the specific features of your installation. In compliance with the
standard, Schneider recommends:
■ a residual current device with electromechanical relay for unmonitored distribution
(domestic applications and equivalent).
■ a residual current device with electronic relay for monitored distribution (applications
benefiting from a maintenance service).

The residual current

device with tripping
electromechanical relay outgoing
This device operates without any current
auxiliary source of supply. The energy
Operating principle supplied by the toroid energises an SN
electromagnet whose moving part is
The residual current device combines the circuit-breaker and residual maintained in the closed position by a
current circuit-breaker functions in the same device. permanent magnet.
It thus provides complete protection against short-circuits, overloads return
■ fault current energy is the direct cause of
and insulation faults. tripping. This is the most reliable technology current
Such versatility means it can advantageously be used in all as it works regardless of fault origin.
application types. ■ user safety is top priority, and should not
The main application of this device is the protection of faults and thus be dependent on quality of the network current variation ≠ 0
to guarantee increased continuity of supply (horizontal (public/private), installation age, the neutral
discrimination). system chosen or the mechanism reset.
Consequently, for special circuits and distant loads, each level can be
protected by a suitable residual current device according to its
position and degree of risk.

Technical data
The DPN Vigi one-piece residual current devices provide: The residual current
■ complete protection of final circuits (overcurrents and insulation device with electronic tripping
faults)
■ protection of persons against indirect contact (30 or 300 mA) or relay
direct contact (30 mA for socket feeders).
■ protection of electrical installations against the risk of fire (300 to This device operates with an auxiliary
500 mA) source of supply. The electrical energy
■ with the 30 mA sensitivity, total vertical discrimination if they are supplied by the toroid is amplified by the SN
installed downstream of a 300 mA S selective residual current electronic board, in turn supplied by a
device (ID, Vigi, etc.) source dependent on network voltage.
Fault detection causes the breaking leakage
The “ si ” range is designed to maintain optimum safety and continuity device to trip. These devices may be current electronic
of supply of networks in installations disturbed by: completely independent, built into or relay
■ extreme atmospheric conditions, mounted on the breaking device.
■ loads generating harmonics, ■ high setting dynamics ensuring continuity
■ transient switching currents. of supply
■ a solution that can be used on all feeder
■ the DPN Vigi meet current standards: IEC 1009 - EN 61009 types irrespective of their rating.

20 earth leakage protection 5

 How
■ Declic Vigi
■ rating: 6 to 32 A
■ voltage rating: 230 V CA
■ breaking capacity: 3000 A

does
earth leakage protection work
The principle of Schneider’s earth leakage protection is based on a system performing
three successive functions virtually instantaneously: detection of a leakage current,
measurement of this current and trip opening of the faulty circuit.

Detection Detection
A current transformer is used whose primary windings are the
detection phase(s) and the neutral of the circuit to be protected. The winding
direction is such that the load and neutral currents cancel one ■ DPN Vigi
outgoing another out. The appearance of a leakage current destroys this ■ rating: 6 to 40 A
current
return balance and generates a current at the secondary winding known as ■ voltage rating: 230 V CA
current a residual current. ■ breaking capacity: 6000 A

current variation = 0

Measurement
Measurement
measurement An electromechanical relay is used which compares the electric
signal to a pre-set limit: the tripping threshold, also known as
sensitivity.
SN
■ a permanent magnet holds in the “ closed ” position a swivel plate
connected to a tripping mechanism.

■ opposite this, an electromagnet supplied by the residual current,

Enclosure installation data
current variation = 0
and a taut spring have a joint effect on plate opening. main device function Vigi module DPN Vigi ID
Tripping incomer ■■ ■
As long as the strength of the permanent magnet (defined according
to required system sensitivity) is greater than that of the spring and single-phase outgoer ■ ■■
tripping the electromagnet, the circuit is closed. other outgoer ■■ ■
■■ ■
breaking capacity function of associated 3000 A - 4500 A must be obtained by cascading
SN circuit-breaker (3 kA à 25 kA) or 6000 A with upstream circuit-breaker
max. rating 125 A 40 A 125 A

current variation ≠ 0
Tripping
As soon as the residual current is high enough to cancel the effect of
the permanent magnet, the spring causes the plate to swivel which
then strikes the trip opening mechanism of the faulty circuit.
Practical
In the IT earthing N L1 L2 L3 protected against whose rated
residual N L1 L2 L3 Residual current
system, there is a current short-circuits device or residual
residual current
need to provide L3
device
by a device placed current
circuit-breaker
is at most equal

Leakage current risks

L3
detection of L2
L1 upstream; L2
L1
to 0.15 times
overcurrent on the N
DPN DPN DPN
■ the circuit is part N the acceptable
DPN DPN
neutral conductor of final circuits, current
All LV electrical installations have earth leakage currents. Due partly to conductor capacitance, they of all circuits, of busways in the conductor with
increase when class 1 devices or motors with limited insulation are used. causing breaking plug lighting heating
system of the same type, the smallest cross-
An occasional earth leakage current greater than merely 500 mA can generate a sufficient overcurrent for the of all live conductors, of identical or very section.
insulator to heat, melt and start stripping the conductor. including the neutral necessary if: similar cross- protected by an
The leakage current flowing through the damaged insulator creates an electric arc the intense heat of which conductor. ■ the neutral section, and if the earth leakage
ignites the insulator and starts a fire. This protection is not conductor is assembly is protection device

4 earth leakage protection 21

 Residual current circuit-breakers
How to
protect
persons
Contents
earth leakage protection
and
equipments?
When confronted
How does earth leakage protection work? P. 4
with the risk
of electrocution, Detection / Measurement / Tripping
destruction
of loads and fire,
two different but
complementary
approaches enable An electromechanical or an electronic relay? P. 5
implementation
of effective protection. Two different technologies

1Prevention: Coordination of residual current devices P. 6

prevent the fault
from occuring Coordination of earth leakage protections
This approach mainly Coordination of overcurrent protections (of residual current circuit-breakers)
concerns new electrical
installations. Technical
progress and application
of strict standards are
a major asset Choosing the right protection P. 8
for the commissionning
Operating principle of efficient, reliable Protection by residual current circuit-breaker
In addition to leakage current detection, the residual current circuit- installations. Protection by one-piece phase neutral residual current device
breaker can be used to open, close or isolate a circuit. It has no
short-circuit or overload protection, and as such must be protected by Protection by an earth leakage module combined with or built into a circuit-breaker
an upstream circuit-breaker. Ground fault protection built into a power circuit-breaker
Its main function is to protect a set of feeders, each equipped with
circuit-breakers.
2 Action: detect
and neutralise
Use of the residual current circuit-breaker is recommended to provide faults.
earth leakage protection of an existing installation, already equipped
with circuit-breakers. Installation recommendations P. 10-11
Consequently, particularly used for domestic, tertiary and small How to make a reliable installation?
industrial applications, its advantage is that it can provide complete
safety of sensitive circuits at a low cost, for example in a kitchen or
The Protection against indirect contact
bathroom, a shop where there are risks for customers, damp working
premises and premises with an aggressive environment.
solution: Protection against the risk of fire
How to protect loads?
The Schneider
range of earth
leakage protection
Technical data products. Schneider low voltage earth leakage protection P. 12-13
■ nuisance tripping:
All the multi 9 residual current devices are immunised by an Installation recommendation: an exemple of a solution
interference suppression device which removes the risk of nuisance
tripping caused by:
■ sudden voltage variations (atmospheric overvoltages, device
switchings),
■ or by current variations (highly capacitive circuits). The product pages P. 14-23

The “ si ” range is designed to maintain optimum safety and continuity

of supply of networks in installations disturbed by:
■ extreme atmospheric conditions,
■ loads generating harmonics,
■ transient switching currents.

■ The residual current circuit-breakers meet current standards:

IEC 1008, EN61008.

22 earth leakage protection 3

 Equipements électriques : Electrical equipment:

The riks ■ ID/RCCB/FI

and their consequences ■ ID/RCCB/FI ■ 4 poles
■ 2 poles ■ rating: 25 to 100A
All electrical installations produce current flows. Even small flows present non-negligible ■ rating: 25-80 A ■ voltage rating: 400 VAC
■ voltage rating: 230 VAC ■ sensitivity: 30 to 1000 mA
risks which can cause serious damage. ■ sensitivity: 10 to 500 mA instantaneous or selective S
instantaneous or selective S

L’électrocution
A few milliamps suffice to seriously harm the human body. Electrocution can
occur either by direct contact with an electric cable or a live device, or by
indirect contact, if the person touches an accidentally energised metal part.

1A cardiac arrest ■ ID/RCCB/FI

■ 2 or 4 poles
■ rating: 100A and 125A
75 mA irreversible cardiac ■ voltage rating: 230/400 VAC
fibrillation threshold ■ sensitivity: 30 to 300 mA
30 mA respiratory paralysis instantaneous or selective S
The physiological reaction threshold
depends on:
■ the contact voltage 10 mA muscular contraction
(tetanisation)
Enclosure installation data
■ the type and duration of the
contact 0,5 mA very slight sensation main device function Vigi module DPN Vigi ID
■ the age and vulnerability of incomer ■■ ■
the subject. single-phase outgoer ■ ■■
other outgoer ■■ ■
earth leakage current ≥ 500 mA + load current ■■ ■
breaking capacity function of associated 3000 A - 4500 A must be obtained by cascading
Fire overcurrent circuit-breaker (3 kA à 25 kA) or 6000 A with upstream circuit-breaker
30% of fires in max. rating 125 A 40 A 125 A
industrial and domestic insulator temperature rise
buildings are the result
of an electrical fault, the the insulator melts and strips the conductor
main cause of which is
deterioration of a cable accident
insulator due to
overheating or
accidental knocking.
Practical
Load
destruction A few installation tips
Some electrical devices deteriorate over
Current rating upstream of a group of installation standards residual current circuit- downstream short-
time and may present insulation faults.
Chosen according to circuits, its rated in each country for K breaker and the circuit protection
Insulation faults have many causes:
the current flowing current is chosen so (normally 0.6)). downstream short- devices.
■ heat generated by device operation through it. circuit protection In this case,
that:
■ overcurrent ■ if the residual Electrodynamic devices are in the coordination is
Ic = K(Id + Ie + If + Ig).
■ aggressiveness of the environment current circuit-breaker K is the “coincidence” withstand capacity same switchboard necessary between the
■ material wear and loss of tightness is placed downstream factor which takes Short-circuit protection produced according to short-circuit protection
Apart from load destruction, there is a risk of a circuit-breaker and device efficiency must be provided by standards, that the device and the residual
of electrocution and fire. on the same circuit, and power into the short-circuit short-circuit current current circuit-breaker.
the rated currents of account, as well as protection device withstand of the
both devices are at their utilisation and placed upstream. residual current circuit-
most the same: Ib > Ia. extension factors However, it is breaker may also be
■ if it is placed (comply with applicable accepted, when the provided by the

2 earth leakage protection 23